Don Honorio Ventura State University

College of Industrial Technology

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

AT ________ Semester _________ SY __________

5 AUTOMOTIVE HAND TOOLS

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Name of student / YR. & Section :

_______________________________
INSTRUCTOR :
https://slideplayer.com/slide/726706/
Hand and Power Tools:

Hand tools are non powered or operate only through physical exertion by hand. They
include anything from axes to wrenches.
Power tool. Power tools, both mounted and portable, are tools that require a power
source to operate. There are several types of portable power tools, based on the power
source they use: electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic.
Examples of power tools are portable grinders, powered drills, portable belt sanding
machines, fastening tools, jacks etc.

Kinds Of Hand Tools.

Kinds Of Power Tools.
Basics
Automotive repairs require the use of a variety of
tools and measuring instruments. These tools are
manufactured for use in a particular way, and
accurate work and safety can only be assured if
they are used correctly.
be carried out immediately, so that tools are always in perfect condition.

Hand tools are useful for daily tasks. There are different types of tools which
can be used for any kind of task to be performed.

In order to be happy with the results of your work with hand tools, you need to be
aware of their construction, the way to properly sharpen them and the proper use of
hand tools. Lack of knowledge or negligence may lead to mistakes that can cause
injury.

When using hand tools, proper use and precision are much more important than speed
of work. Based on the type of work that has to be done, a craftsman must be adept with
his hands as well as choose the right kind of tools. He must know which the right tool for
the job is, like where to use a spanner set or wrenches. Otherwise, quality and efficiency
will suffer.

Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:

• Learn the correct uses and functions.
Learn the correct uses and functions of each tool and measuring instrument.
• Learn the correct way to use the instruments.
Each tool and measuring instrument has defined operation procedures. Make sure to
correctly apply tools.
• Select correctly.
There are various tools available for loosening bolts, depending on the size, position
and other criteria. Always
choose your tools to fit the shape of the part and the place in which the job is being
carried out.
• Try to keep organized
Tools and measuring instruments should be positioned so that they can be accessed
easily when needed, and
replaced in their correct locations once used.
• Strict adherence to upkeep and management of tools.
Tools should be cleaned and where necessary oiled as soon as they have been used.
Any necessary repairs should
be carried out immediately, so that tools are always in perfect condition.

Hand tools can be classified into following groups:

 Laying out tools- marking and measuring tools
 Striking or impact tools: sledges, mallets, and hammers
 Fastening or twisting tools: screwdrivers, spanners and wrenches
 Metal cutting tools: Taps, Reamers, Punches, Files, and drills
 Holding tools: vises, pliers, clamps
 Safety equipment: Gloves and goggles
 Sharpening and grinding tools
 Abrasives and finishing tools
 Accessory containers and tool storage.

Important Tools

 Hammers:

. A hammer is made of a long wooden stick, attached to a block of metal. It is round

on one side, while edgy on the other and features a cut in the middle. A hammer is
truly useful in striking.

 Screwdrivers

They are used to adjust levels of tightness and when selected properly, can prove
highly useful, since they not only come in various shapes but can also be altered as per
the size of the bolt.
 Center Punch

It is a tool typically made of metal which was designed to help a mechanic to drill holes.
They come in various sizes. Each size corresponds to the size of a drill bit.

 Files

They are used to remove material from plastics, wood or metal. In some cases, the
material is removed for creating a smooth edge. Sometimes it is used to create a new
shape or profile.

 Cold chisel

These are used for shaping, removing or cutting cold metals that are softer than the
chisel-like wrought or cast iron, copper, brass or aluminium.

 Clamps

It is a fastening device which is used to secure or hold objects together in a tight

manner to prevent separation or movement via the inward application.

 Tin snips

They are used to cut thin metal sheets into different shapes. Being a metal work tool,
this tool basically functions as a tough set of scissors.

What are the different classification of hand tools?

The different types of hand tools are:

Cutting Tools- used to cut and remove unwanted characteristics in the material.

Ex. Cutter, scissors, saw

Measuring Tools- used to measure the material for creating the product.

Ex. Measuring tape, ruler, protractor

Driving Tools- used to fasten or secure another tool with the material.

Ex. Hammer, Screwdriver

Carving Tools- used to carve different kinds of design in the material.

Ex. Chisel

Boring tools- tools that are fastened or secured by the driving tools.

Ex. Screw
Handling cautions
1. Size and application of the tool
• Make sure the diameter of the tool fits the head of the bolt / nut.
• Fit the tool to the bolt / nut securely.

Choose a Tool
Choose tools according to the type of job.
• For removing and replacing bolt / nut or removing parts. It is usual to use a socket
wrench set for automotive repairs. If a socket wrench set cannot be used due to work
space restrictions, select a boxend wrench or an openend wrench in that order.
Socket wrench set Boxend wrench (offset wrench) Openend wrench (spanner)
2. Applying strength 1
• Always turn the tool so that you are pulling it.
• If the tool cannot be pulled because of space
restrictions, push it with the palm of your hand.

3. Applying strength 2
A bolt / nut, which has been tightened firmly, can be loosened easily by the application
of impact. A hammer or pipe (used to extend the shaft) should not be used, however, to
increase torque.
Adjustable Wrench
Application
Used with bolt / nut of irregular sizes, or to hold down SST.
Instructions
Turn the adjusting screw to fit the bore to the head of the bolt / nut being used.
NOTICE:
Turn the wrench with the adjusting jaw positioned in the rotating direction. If the wrench
is not turned this way, pressure is applied
SOCKETS

Socket (Socket Wrench Set)

Socket wrench set
This tool can be used for the easy removing and replacing of bolt / nut through the
combination of various handles and sockets, depending on the operating conditions.
Application
This tool holds on the bolt / nut that can be removed or replaced with a socket wrench
set.
1. Size of socket
• There are two sizes available - large and small. The larger part can achieve greater
torque than the smaller one.
2. Depth of socket
• There are two types - standard, and deep, which is 2 or 3 times deeper than standard.
The deep type can be applied to the nut that the bolt projects, which do not fit into the
standard type socket.
3. Jaws
• There are two types- double hexagonal and hexagonal. The hexagonal part gains a
large contact surface with bolt / nut, making it extremely difficult to damage the surface
of the bolt / nut.
Socket Adapter (Socket Wrench Set)
Application
Used as a connector to change the size of the
socket square drive.
NOTICE:
Over- large torque places a load on the socket itself or on small bolts. Torque should be
applied according to defined tightening limits. Socket adapter (Large - small) Socket
adapter (Small - large) Socket with small drive size Socket with large drive size
Needle-Nose Pliers
Application
Used to operate in tight spaces or to grip small parts.
• The pincers are long and thin, making it suitable for work in tight spaces.
• Includes a blade towards the neck, which can cut fine wire, or remove insulation from
electrical wires.
NOTICE:
• Do not over- apply pressure to the pincer tips. They may be bent open, rendering them
useless for detailed work. Transformation Before transformation
Slip-Joint Pliers
Application
Used to grip things.
• Changing the position of the hole at the fulcrum allows the extent to which the jaws
open to be adjusted.
• The jaws can be used to nip or grip and pull.
• Fine wire can be cut at the neck.
NOTICE:
• Easily damaged items should be covered with a protective cloth or other covering,
before being gripped with pliers.
Cutting Pliers (Nipper)
Application
Used for cutting fine wire.
• Since the tip of the blades are rounded, it can be used for cutting fine wires, or
selecting only the required wire for cutting out of a harness.
NOTICE:
• Cannot be used to cut hard or thick wire. Doing so may cause damage to the blades

METAL CUTTING SNIP

Hammer
Application
Used to remove and replace parts by hitting them, and to test the tightness of a bolt by
sound. The following types are available for use depending on the application or the
material:
Ball pin hammer
Has an iron head.
Plastic hammer
Has a plastic head, and is used where damage must be avoided to the item being
struck.
Test hammer
A small hammer with a long, thin handle, used to test the tightness of bolt / nut by the
sound and vibration released when they are struck.
Instructions
Drive by striking directly. e.g.) Used for removing and replacing of pins. Removal by
striking directly. e.g.) Used for separation of covers and cases. Removal by striking
indirectly. Strike bolts lightly. E.g.) Used for checking bolts for looseness.
(Learn to distinguish sound upon striking.
Brass Bar
Application
A support tool that prevents hammer damage
• Made of brass, so does not damage parts ( as it will deform before the part does)
NOTICE:
If the tip deforms, repair it with a grinder.

(1/1 Gasket Scraper

Application
Used for removing cylinder head gaskets, liquid sealant, stickers and others from flat
surfaces.
Instructions
1. Scraping results depend on direction of blade: (1) Scraped better because the blade
tip cuts into the gasket. However, the surface is scraped easily. (2) The blade tip does
not get such a good bite into the gasket, meaning a clean result is difficult to achieve.
However, the surface being scraped is not damaged.
2. When using on an easily damaged surface, the scraper should be covered in plastic
tape (except for the blade).
CAUTION:
• Do not place your hand ahead of the blade. You may injure yourself on the blade.
• Do not sharpen the blade on a grinder. Always

sharp Center Punch

Application
Used to mark parts.
• The blade tip has been hardened, with tempering.
NOTICE:
1. Do not strike too hard when marking.
2. The tip of the blade should be maintained using
an oilstone.
Pin Punch
Application
Used for romoving and replacing of pins, and for adjusting of pins.
• The punch tip has been hardened, with
tempering.
• Two sizes of punch tip match all pins.
• Incorporates a rubber cushion, which ensures that the part is not damaged when
stuck.
Instructions
• Apply force vertically onto the pin.
• The rubber cushion can also be set to cover both the punch and the pin, and the pin
held while force is applied.
 BEARING PULLER

bearing puller is a tool used to remove bearing sets from a rotating machine shaft or
from a blind bearing hole. ... These tools are made of tool grade steel, so they are harder than
the parts they are used on.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kcBw3HhsgA

BENCH VICE

bench vise - a holding device attached to a workbench; has two jaws to hold workpiece firmly in place