CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

NEW DELHI

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

by

SAAD MALLICK, XII

_____________________________________

on
SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE

NORTH CAMPUS, BANGALORE

 NORTH CAMPUS, BANGALORE

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mst./ Ms. ____________________________of

EuroSchool North Campus of Grade _____ has prepared this project
entitled _________________ with diligence under my supervision.
The report is the result of his/her efforts and endeavors. The report is
found worthy of acceptance as a final Project Report for the subject of
____________ for the Academic Year 2023-24, as per the guidelines
by the CBSE.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Principal’s Signature
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and ultimate finish of my project

necessitated a great deal of direction and support from
many individuals, and I consider myself quite lucky to
have received this during the completion of my project
work. Whatever I have accomplished is owing to such
advice and aid, and I will never forget it.

First and foremost, I want to thank our project

supervisor, Ms. Vandana Payal, for her invaluable
assistance and advise. She was a huge inspiration for us
to work on this project. I am incredibly thankful to her
for her unwavering support and counsel.

In addition, I'd like to thank our Principal Dr. Vandana

Gupta and our beloved School EuroSchool North
Campus for providing such a conducive environment
and facilities for the completion of this project.
 CONTENTS

1. AIM

2. THEORY

3. PRETEST

4. PROCEDURE

5. SIMULATION

6. REFERENCES
 AIM

To Verify Superposition Theorem.

THEORY
If a number of voltage or current source are acting simultaneously in a linear
network, the resultant current in any branch is the algebraic sum of the currents
that would be produced in it, when each source acts alone replacing all other
independent sources by their internal resistances.

Fig.1 : Circuit for analysis of Superposition theorem

Fig.2 : Circuit with only V2 short circuited

In given figure 1 apply superposition theorem , let us first take the sources
V1 alone at first replacing V2 by short circuit as shown in figure 2.Here,
Fig.3 : Circuit with only V1 short circuited

Next, removing V1 by short circuit, let the circuit be energized by V2 only as

shown in figure 3. Then,
As per superposition theorem,
PRETEST

In superposition theorem, when we consider the effect of one voltage

source, all the other voltage sources are Sorted.

In superposition theorem, when we consider the effect of one voltage

source, all the other current sources are Opened.
PROCEDURE

Fig.1 : Circuit diagram of experimental set-up for verification of Superposition

theorem
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram, keeping the switches open
and resistance at their maximum positions.
2. Set S1 to position "aa" and S2 to position "cc" respectively which means
both the sources are energized. Note down the current I1, I2 and I3 from
ammeter A1, A2 and A3.
3. Set S1 to positions "aa" and S2 to position "dd" respectively which means
the, only 220V source is energized and the terminals of S2 are shorted.
Note down current I1', I2' and I3'from the ammeter A1, A2 and A3.
4. Set S1 to position "bb" and S2 to position to "cc" respectively. Which
means the, only 110V source is energized and the terminals of S1 are
shorted. Note down current I1'', I2'' and I3'' from the ammeter A1, A2 and
A3.
5. Compare I1, I2 and I3 with I1'+I1'', I2'+I2'' and I3'+I3'' taking care of
signs properly of verify the theorem.
6. Repeat the step (2) to (6) for five different values of resistance for each
three rheostats.
SIMULATION
CASE 1-
In presence of both the sources
Select switch of S1 and S2 to power and Simulate the program. Observe the
result from case 1 tab.

A1 Ammeter Reading A2 Ammeter Reading A3 Ammeter Reading

(Amps) (Amps) (Amps)
0.39032 -0.10645 0.28387
CASE 2-
In presence of V1 only
Apply switch S1 to power and S2 to short. Simulate the program. Read
ammeter values from Case 2 tab.

A1 Ammeter Reading A2 Ammeter Reading A3 Ammeter Reading

(Amps) (Amps) (Amps)
0.56774 -0.35484 0.21290
CASE 3-
In presence of V2 only
Apply switch S1 to short and S2 to power. Simulate the program. Read
ammeter values from Case 3 tab. Click on 'Fill data to the table' to update the
observation table.

A1 Ammeter Reading A2 Ammeter Reading A3 Ammeter Reading

(Amps) (Amps) (Amps)
-0.17742 0.24839 0.070968
Now we can Change the resistance and voltage source values
to take another observations.
MC-Moving Coil.
DPDT- Double pole Double throw.
N.B.:- All the resistances are in ohms
 REFERENCES

1) A. Chakrabarti, Circuit Theory (Analysis and Synthesis). Fifth Edition :

2006, Dhanpat Rai and Co.

2) A. Bruce Carlson, Circuits. First Reprint :2002, Thomson Asia Pte Ltd.

3) Parker Smith, Problems in Electrical Engineering. Ninth Edition :2003 , M/s

Constable and Company, London.