1/6/2017

Technical College of Engineering

Engineering Drawing

Lecture 5

‫زانكـــويا ثوليتــــةكنيكى يا دهـــؤك‬

‫جامعــــــــة دهــــــــــوك التقـــــنية‬
Assistant Lecturer: Nazeer M. Ali Duhok Polytechnic University 1

Applied Geometry

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To Bisect (Divide) a Line

1. Swing two arcs of any radius (say r1) greater than half-
length of the line AB with the centers at the ends of the
line.
2. Join the Intersection points of the arcs with a line CD.
3. Locate the Midpoint, M.
A C
Given: Line AB Intersection (not to scale)

r1
A r1
M

B B
D
3

To Bisect an Angle
1. Swing an arc of any radius (say r1) whose centers at the
vertex (A).
2. Swing the arcs of any radius (say r2 ) from the intersection
points between the previous arc and the lines; AB & AC.
3. Draw the Line (AD).
A = Vertex
(not to scale)
Given: Angle A
A
Intersection B
r1 r2
Point
B r2

C C
D 4

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To draw the Line Parallel to a given

Line and passes through a given Point

Given: Line AB and Point C

+C
A

B
5

To draw the Line Parallel to a given Line

and passes through a given Point

Given: Line AB and Point C

+C
A

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To draw the Line Parallel to a given

Line with a specified Distance

• Given: Line AB, and Distance, r

r
A

B
7

To draw the Line Parallel to a given

line with a specified Distance

Given: distance = r

A
r

Repeat 8

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To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line at a given Point

1. Revolve Method: Move in a circle on a central axis

Given: Line AB and point C

A
+C

B
9

To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line at a given Point

1. Revolve Method:

A
+C

Repeat 10

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To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line at a given Point

2. Adjacent-Sides Method:

+C

11

To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line at a given Point

2. Adjacent-Sides Method:

A
+C

Repeat 12

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To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line at a given Point
3. Using Compass
a.) Draw a half circle on the line with any radius (say r1)
b.) From intersection points A and B r2
draw an arcs with any radius (say r2).
D
So r2 > r1
r1
A

+
c.) From the new intersection point D C
draw the line DC which will be the
B
perpendicular line. 13

To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line from a point not on the Line

1. Adjacent-Sides Method

+C
A

14

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To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line from a point not on the Line

1. Adjacent-Sides Method

A +C

Repeat
15

To draw the Line Perpendicular to a

given Line from a point not on the Line

2. Using Compass + C
r2
D
r2

A
r1

16

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To draw a Line making 15o with a given

Line and pass through a given Point
• Given: Line AB and Point C

A
C
+

17

To draw a Line making 15o with a given

Line and pass through a given Point
• Given: Line AB and point C

A
C
+

18

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To draw a Line making 30o with a given

Line and pass through a given Point
• Given: Line AB and point C

A
C
+

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To draw a Line making 75o with a given

Line and pass through a given Point

Given:
Line AB and point C

75o
+C

B 20

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FILLET AND ROUND

Center

Arc

To draw the arc, we must find the location of the

center of that arc.

How do we find the center of the arc?

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To draw an Arc of given radius Tangent

to Two Perpendicular Lines
Given: Line 1 Center of the Arc
• Arc radius = r
• Line 1 & Line 2
r

Line 2
r
radius

22

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To draw an Arc of given radius Tangent

to Two Perpendicular Lines

Given:
Line 1
Arc radius = r Center of the Arc

Starting point

Line 2
r Ending point

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To draw an Arc of given radius Tangent

to Two Lines
Line 1
Given: Line 2
r
Arc radius = r r
+
+

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To draw an Arc of given radius Tangent

to Two Lines
Given: Arc radius = r and Two lines

T.P.1
T.P.2

T.P.1 = Tangent Point 1 Line 1 Line 2

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To draw a Line Tangent to a Circle at

a Point on the Circle

Given: Circle with Point C

26

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To draw a Line tangent to a Circle

from a point Outside the Circle
Mark a tangent point
Given: Circle with Point C

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When Circle Tangent to other Circle

Tangent point

R1

C1 R2

C2

• The center of two circles C1, C2 and tangent point must lie on
the same straight line !!! 28

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When Circle Tangent to other Circle

Tangent point

R1 R2
C1
C2

• The center of two circles C1, C2 and tangent point must lie on
the same straight line !!!
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To draw a Circle Tangent to Two Circles I

C
+
Given

+ +
C1 C2

Example

30

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To draw a Circle Tangent to Two Circles I

Given:
• Two circles; C1, C2 and the radius of the third circle = R

Center of the arc R + R2

R + R1 C
R
R2
R1
+
+
C1 C2

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To draw a Circle Tangent to Two Circles II

Given

+ +
C1 C2

C+

Example

32

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To draw a Circle Tangent to Two Circles II

Given: Two circles and the radius of the third circle = R

R
R2
R1
+ +
C1 C2

R – R1 C R – R2

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To draw a Circle Tangent to Two Circles III

Given: Two circles and the radius of the third circle = R

R2
R1

C1 + +C2

R – R1

C R + R2

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Drawing of Tangent LINES to Circles

1. Draw common EXTERNAL tangents to circles of
diameters 60mm and 32mm, the distance between centers
is 80 mm.
• Draw circles of radii 30mm and 16mm with centers O1 and
O2 respectively
• With center O1 and radius equal to 14mm (30-16) draw
another circle.
• With O1 and O2 as diameter draw a semicircle to cut the
circle of R14 mm at P1 and join O2 P1
• Join O1P1 and produce it to cut at P. 35

Drawing of Tangent LINES to Circles

• Draw line PQ parallel to O2P1.
• Similarly draw the line ST.
• These lines are the required EXTERNAL Tangents.

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Drawing of Tangent LINES to Circles

2. Draw common INTERNAL tangents to circles of diameters
40mm and 20mm, the distance between centers is 70mm.

• Draw circles of radii 20mm and 10mm with centers O1 and

O2 respectively,
• With center O1 and radius equal to 30mm (20+10) draw
another circle.
• With O1 and O2 as diameter draw a semicircle to cut the
circle of R30 mm at P1 and join O2 P1

• Join O1P1 and produce it to cut at P.

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Drawing of Tangent LINES to Circles

• Draw line PQ parallel to O2P1.
• Similarly draw the line ST.
• These lines are the required INTERNAL Tangents.

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