ACTIVITY #12

PREVIEW CONCEPTS

Investigate the following:

1. What are the measures of central tendency?

= There are three main measures of central tendency: Mode, Median, and Mean

2. Why do we use these measures?

= It is necessary to measure certain things correctly, such as distance, time and precision.

3. What is the mean of a data?

= Is a measure of central tendency in statistics that represents the average value of a

dataset.

4. Give an example of the mean.

= (80 + 85 + 90 + 95 + 100 = 450)

450/5 = 90

5. What is the mode of data?

= Is a measure of central tendency that refers to the value that appears most frequently in a
set of data.

6. Give an example of the mode.

= If a set of numbers contained the following digits: 1, 1, 3, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, the mode would

be 7, as it appears the most out of all the numbers in the set

7. What is the median of a data?

= Is a measure of central tendency that represents the middle value of a dataset when the
values are arranged in ascending or descending order. It separates the higher half from the
lower half of the data.

8. Give an example of the median.

= Dataset of running times for a top athlete in a 200-meter training session: 26.1 s, 25.6 s,
25.7 s, 25.2 s, 25.0 s, 27.8 s, and 24.1 s. To find the median, we arrange the times in
ascending order: 24.1, 25.0, 25.2, 25.6, 25.7, 26.1, 27.8. Since there are 7 data points (an
odd number), the median is the value in the middle, which is 25.6 seconds

If we have an even number, the median is the average of the two middle values (add both
numbers and divide them by 2).
 9. What is the mean of a frequency distribution?

= Is a representation that displays the number of observations within a given interval .

10. Give an example of the mean of a frequency distribution?

11. What are the measures of variation?

= Range

12. Why do we use these measures?

= The range tells you a general idea of how widely spread your data is.

13. What is the range of data?

= The range is the spread of your data from the lowest to the highest value in the
distribution.

14. Give an example of the range.

= if the given data set is {2,5,8,10,3}, then the range will be 10 – 2 = 8. Thus, the range could
also be defined as the difference between the highest observation and lowest observation.

15. What is deviation?

= Measures the difference between an observed value and another value, often the mean. It
helps quantify the extent to which individual data points deviate from a central reference
point. It can be used to analyze the dispersion or spread of data points around a central
value.

16. What is the variance?

= Is a measure of how spread out the numbers in a dataset are from the mean or average.

17. What is the standard deviation?

= Standard deviation is the spread of a group of numbers from the mean.

18. Give an example of these two concepts using the same problem.

=Let’s calculate the variance of the following data set: 2, 7, 3, 12, 9.

The first step is to calculate the mean. The sum is 33 and there are 5 data points. Therefore,
the mean is 33 ÷ 5 = 6.6. Then you take each value in the data set, subtract the mean and
square the difference. For instance, for the first value: (2 - 6.6)2 = 21.16

The squared differences for all values are added: 21.16 + 0.16 + 12.96 + 29.16 + 5.76 =
69.20

The sum is then divided by the number of data points: 69.20 ÷5 = 13.84

The variance is 13.84. To get the standard deviation, you calculate the square root of the
variance, which is 3.72.