ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

MATH & NATURAL SCIENCES

CHM 1103 - LAB 3

Laboratory Precipitation and Gravimetric

03 Laboratory Title
Exercise Number analysis of Lead iodide

Course Code CHM 1103 Course Title Engineering Chemistry

Student ID Student Name

Term 202310 Date 04/10/2023

Instructor Dr.Mohamed Ghazzali

CRN : 10400
Section
Group No
Rashed Alhammadi H00513007
Group
Members
Saoud Alkazeeri H00392071

Aishah Alhmoudi H00394193

Abdullah Almansoori H00384614

Note: Students are expected to refrain from all forms of academic dishonesty as defined in the
college policies and as explained and defined by college policies and procedures and directions
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 Precipitation and Gravimetric analysis of lead iodide

Objectives:

1. To learn the principles of gravimetric analysis.

2. To precipitate and quantify the amount of Lead Iodide gravimetrically.

Theory:

This experiment is designed as a class activity. Different pairs of students will be provided with the same
mass of lead (II) nitrate but different masses of potassium iodide. The masses of lead (II) iodide will be
determined by weighing.

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

Safety Note:

1. Safety goggles and lab coats must be worn at all times in the lab.
2. Nothing must be tasted, eaten or drunk in the laboratory.
3. When pipetting do not use your mouth, use pipette filler instead.
4. Always check that the label on the bottle is the exact material that you require, if in doubt, ask
the instructor.
5. Keep all flammable chemicals away from naked flames.
6. If any chemicals are splashed onto your clothing or skin, wash immediately with a lot of water.

7. Report any cut, burn or other accident to the instructor / technician, note ‘time’ is critical.
8. Always wash your hands after the practical work.

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 Apparatus and Chemicals:

Lead (II) nitrate Glass rods (two, one fitted Magnetic stirrer and bar
(Pb(NO3)2) with rubber policeman)
Potassium iodide (KI) 2 x 100 mL beakers Ethanol (5 mL apprx)
Filter funnel 1 x 250 mL beaker Distilled water
Retort stand and ring clamp Analytical balance Watch glass
Filter paper (Whatman no.1 Oven set to 700C
12.5 cm piece)

Caution:
Lead salts are poisonous and must be handled with care. Make sure that the lead
(II) nitrate does not come into contact with your skin.

Procedure:

1. Get your group number from the teacher and write it down here : [2]
group Brave

2. Weigh out the samples of Pb(NO3)2 (1.66g approx.) and KI ( X=1 g as assigned by
teacher) into separate 100 mL beakers

3. Add about 35 mL of distilled water to both beakers and stir with a stirring rod to help
them dissolve. As you take each stirring rod out rinse it with a little distilled water into
the beaker before you put it down. You might have to heat the solutions on the hotplate
to help them dissolve.

4. Carefully add the lead (II) nitrate solution to the potassium iodide solution. Rinse the
empty beaker 3 times with about 5 mL of distilled water to make sure all the lead (II)
nitrate is transferred.

5. Put the stirrer bar into the beaker and stir the mixture for 2 minutes. Transfer the beaker
to a hotplate and heat gently for 5 minutes.

6. Let the solution stand for 5 minutes until the yellow precipitate settles. Use a magnet to
remove the stirrer bar, washing it with distilled water into the beaker.

7. Weigh a filter paper and record its mass using the analytical balance.
(Write the mass on the data table below)
2.128g
8. Fold the filter paper and place it in a filter funnel supported by a retort stand and ring
clamp. Wet the filter paper with a few drops of distilled water.

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 9. Rinse the walls of the beaker with about 5mL of distilled water and add this to the filter
paper. If the precipitate adheres (sticks) to the sides of the beaker, use a glass rod with a
rubber policeman to scrape the lead (II) iodide.

10. Repeat the rinsing procedure with two or more 5mL volumes of distilled water.

11. After draining, wash the precipitate with about 5mL of ethanol and allow this to drain
away

12. Carefully remove the filter paper and place it in a labeled watch glass.

13. Place the watch glass in a laboratory oven at 700C and leave it for about an hour. Reweigh
the filter paper and precipitate and record the mass.

Write the mass in the data table below.

14. Wash all glassware and place in the drying rack. Dispose of the precipitate in the bin.

Data sheet: [3]

Mass of filter paper + PbI2 (s)

4.85 g

Mass of filter paper 2.128 g

Mass of PbI2 (s) 4.85 – 2.128 = 2.72g

Result Table: [10]

Group Mass (g) Mass (g) Mass Moles Moles KI Moles

Numbe Pb(NO3)2 KI (g) Pb(NO3)2 PbI2
r PbI2

Brave 2.72g 1.00g 2.72g 8.21x10-3 mol 6.02x10-3mol 5.94x10-3 mol

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 Molar Mass of (Pb(NO3)2) = (207.2) +2(14.00674) +6(15.9994) = 331.2 g\mol

Molar Mass of (KI) = (39.098)+(126.904)= 166.002 g\mol

Molar Mass of (PbI2) = (207.2)+2(126.904) = 461.008 g\mol

Processing of results

1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between Pb2+ and I- ions: [10]

Pb2 (Aq)+ 2I- (Aq) pbI2 (S)

Calculations: For your result only

1) Calculate the moles of each of these and record in the result table above. [10]

number of Moles = mass/Molar mass

• Moles of Pb(NO3)2 n=m/M = 2.72\331.2 = 8.21x10-3 mol.

• Moles of KI = n=m/M = 1.00\166.002= 6.02x10-3 mol.

2) Calculate the mass and moles of PbI2 (s) produced and enter this into the results table. [10]

• Mass of (PbI2) = 2.74 g

• Moles of (PbI2) = n=m/M
= 2.72/461.008 = 5.90 x 10-3

Mole ratio: [KI]: [PbI2]

2:1
6.02x10 / 2 = 3.01x10-4 mol of pbI2.
-3

Mass = n M = ( 3.01x10-4 ) x ( 461.008) = 0.138 g mass of pbI2.

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3) a) Which reactant is the limiting reactant? (the ion you run out of first)
Use the reaction equation to help explain your answers.
[15]
Pb2 (aq)+ 2I- (aq) pbI2 (s)

Iodide is the limiting reagent because it has the lowest ratio of moles available/coefficient in
the balanced equation.

b) Using the equation for the reaction, calculate how much solid PbI2 you should have made
(based on the limiting reactant). This is called the Theoretical Yield. [10]

Mole ratio = [PbNO3 ]:[PbI2 ]

1:1

Mass of PbI2 = n x M

= 8.21x10-3 x 461.008
= 3.78 g of pbI2

c) Compare your actual results (the mass of PbI2 you made) with the theoretical yield ( the
mass of PbI2 you should have made). Calculate the % Yield.
[5]
Actual Yield X 100
Calculate the % Yield = Theoretical Yield

2.74
= X 100
3.78

= 72.4%

The Actual mass of lead iodide is 2.72g therefore, the yield during the experiment (Actual) was
around 27.51% less and it is less than the theoretical yield of 3.78g .

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Discussion:

Why is there a difference between the actual yield and the theoretical yield? Explain the
difference. [10]

the actual yield is lower than the theoretical yield because few reactions truly proceed to
completion The actual yield is the quantity of a product that is obtained from a chemical
reaction; however, the Theoretical yield is the amount of product that could be obtained from a
reaction if all the reactant converted to product. Usually, the actual yield is lower than the
theoretical yield because few reactions truly proceed to completion which are not always
correct, for example, if you are recovering a product that is a precipitate, you may lose some
product if it doesn't completely fall out of solution and the difference with the accuracy of
taking measurement also effect.

Conclusion:

(What did you learn from this experiment? e.g. precipitate, terms, results…..) [10]

• learned to carefully measure the results because sometimes there is an obstacle that might cause an error,
we also learned how to weight the masses of lead iodide and lead nitrate and how to calculate their moles
and yield percentages and which one of the reactants is the limiting reagent.
• Precipitate : a solid formed by a change in a solution, often due to a chemical reaction or change in
temperature that decreases solubility of a solid.

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Pictures Attached for the Experiment :

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