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Chapter 03 Level 1 Quiz

Making Sense of Arguments

1. An argument intended to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion is ________.

inductive

valid

sound

deductive

2. An inductive argument that succeeds in providing probable, but not conclusive, logical support for its conclusion is said to
be ________.

inductive

cogent

weak

strong

3. A deductively valid argument cannot have ________.

false premises and a true conclusion

true premises and a true conclusion

true premises and a false conclusion

false premises and a false conclusion

4. The first step in investigating possible implicit premises is to ________.

search for a credible premise that would make the argument as strong as possible

rewrite the argument

search for a credible premise that would make the argument valid
make a bad argument good

5. Modus ponens has this argument pattern ________.

If p, then q. q. Therefore, p

If p, then q. p. Therefore, q
If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r

Either p or q. Not p. Therefore, q

6. The best way to learn how to assess long passages containing an argument is to ________.

practise

look for premises first

use the five-step method

 look for false premises first

7. An independent premise offers support to a conclusion ________.

with the help of another premise

without the help of any other premises

with implied premises

without implied premises

8. The invalid argument form known as affirming the consequent has the following pattern: ________.

If p, then q. Not p. Therefore, not q

Either p or q. Not p. Therefore, q

If p, then q. p. Therefore, q

If p, then q. q. Therefore, p

9. The invalid argument form known as denying the antecedent has the following pattern:________.

If p, then q. Not p. Therefore, not q

If p, then q. p. Therefore, q

If p, then q. q. Therefore, p

If p, then q. If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r

10. Only a small portion of a passage may contain statements that serve as the premises and conclusion.

True

False

11. The first step in evaluating a long passage is to study the text until you thoroughly understand it.

True

False

12. Because of the guarantee of truth in the conclusion, inductively strong arguments are said to be truth-preserving.

True

False

13. A sound argument is a good argument.

True

False

14. The first step in determining whether an argument is deductive or inductive is to find the argument's conclusion and then
its premises.

True

False
 15. The first statement in a conditional premise is known as the antecedent.

True

False

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Chapter 03 Level 2 Quiz

Making Sense of Arguments

1. A deductively valid argument with true premises is said to be ________.

Strong

Weak

Probable

Sound

2. A valid argument is such that if its premises are true ________.

its conclusion must be true

its conclusion must be false

its conclusion is neither true nor false

its structure must be valid

3. If p, then q; If q, then r; therefore if p, then r. An argument with this structureis called ________.

denying the antecedent

hypothetical syllogism
affirming the consequent

modus tollens

4. Either p or q; Not p; Therefore q. An argument with this structure is called ________.

denying the antecedent

affirming the consequent

disjunctive syllogism
modus ponens

5. The first step in evaluating long arguments is to ________.

identify the premises

diagram the argument

identify the subject and predicate

study the text until you thoroughly understand it

6. Terms that signal a deductive argument include ________.

formally, broadly
probably, chances are

necessarily, it follows that


almost, finally
7. Deductively valid arguments guarantee the truth of the conclusion, so they are said to be ________.

persuasive

strong

truth-preserving

cogent

8. If p, then q; p; Therefore q. An argument with this structure is called ________.

deductively valid

deductively invalid

deductively cogent

inductively strong

9. "If Dayton is the capital of Ohio, then Dayton is in Ohio. Dayton is in Ohio; Therefore, Dayton is the capital of Ohio." This
argument is an example of ________.

affirming the consequent

denying the antecedent

disjunctive syllogism

affirming the antecedent

10. "If Henry Ford invented cell phones, then he's a great scientist. Ford did not invent cell phones. Therefore, he is not a great
scientist." This argument is an example of ________.

affirming the consequent

affirming the antecedent

denying the antecedent

denying the consequent

11. "If you're a citizen, you have rights. But you're not a citizen. So you don't have rights." This argument is ________.

invalid

strong
valid

weak

12. Modus tollens is the Latin name of ________.

affirming the antecedent

denying the antecedent

affirming the consequent

denying the consequent

13. Modus ponens is the Latin name of ________. 

denying the consequent

affirming the consequent

 affirming the antecedent
denying the antecedent

14. One of the following is NOT a conditional argument form: ________.

hypothetical syllogism

disjunctive syllogism
affirming the consequent
denying the consequent

15. A valid deductive argument cannot have ________.

true premises and a true conclusion

true premises and a false conclusion
false premises and a true conclusion

false premises and false conclusion

16. Inductive arguments are ________.

truth-preserving
valid or invalid

always incomplete
not truth-preserving

17. The argument form modus tollens is always invalid.

True

False

18. Deductively valid arguments are truth-preserving.

True
False

19. If a deductively valid argument has a false conclusion, you can infer that at least one of the premises is false.

True
False

20. Persuasion and reasoning are synonymous.

True

False


21. Valid arguments are always deductive.

True
False
22. The argument form known as affirming the consequent is always valid.

True
False

23. The argument form called disjunctive syllogism is invalid.

True

False

24. The first part of a conditional statement is known as the consequent.

True
False

25. The part of a conditional statement introduced by the word then is called the consequent.

True
False

26. With the counterexample method, you check for validity by simply devising a parallel argument that has the same form as
the argument you're evaluating but has obviously true premises and a false conclusion.

True

False

27. The second part of a conditional statement is known as the antecedent.

True
False

28. A sound argument is not necessarily a good argument.

True

False

29. An inductive argument that fails to provide probable support for its conclusion is said to be weak.

True
False

30. Usually a passage will contain mostly statements that serve as the premises and conclusion of an argument.

True

False
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
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Chapter 03 Practice Quiz

1. A deductive argument with true premises and a true conclusion must be ________.

valid

sound

strong
none of the above

2. An argument with the following structure, "If P, then Q; not P;" therefore, not Q" must be ________.

deductively valid due to modus tollens, or denying the consequent

deductively invalid due to denying the antecedent

deductively valid due to denying the antecedent

deductively invalid due to affirming the consequent

3. The deductively valid argument form called modus tollens, or denying the consequent, has the form ________.

"If P, then Q; P; therefore, Q"

"If P, then Q; Q; therefore, P"

"If P, then Q; not Q; therefore, not P"

"If P, then Q; not P; therefore, not Q"

4. The argument pattern, "If P, then Q; if Q, then R; therefore, if P, then R" is known as ________.

affirming the consequent

disjunctive syllogism

hypothetical syllogism

denying the consequent, or modus tollens

5. If a premise relies on another premise in order to support the conclusion, then the two premises are said to be ________.

independent of each other

dependent on each other

co-dependent on each other

supportive of each other

6. If an argument is valid but has a false conclusion, then it is also ________.

invalid

unsound

cogent
untrue

7. The argument form, "Either P or Q; P; therefore, not Q" is ________.

valid

invalid
cogent

strong

8. It is impossible for an argument to be valid and have ________.

true premises and a false conclusion

false premises and a false conclusion

true premises and a true conclusion

false premises and a true conclusion

9. "If Jane is a cardiologist, then she is a doctor; Jane is not a doctor; therefore, Jane is not a cardiologist." This argument
adheres to the argument form ________.

modus ponens

modus tollens
hypothetical syllogism

denying the antecedent

10. If you know that an argument is valid and that the conclusion is false, then you also know that ________.

the argument commits some sort of fallacy

the premises are independent of each other

the argument has at least two premises

at least one of the premises is false

11. The fallacy of distorting, weakening, or oversimplifying someone's position so it can more be more easily attacked or
refuted is called ________.

denying the antecedent

straw man
affirming the consequent

hypothetical syllogism

12. The following argument patterns is invalid: ________.

affirming the antecedent

denying the consequent

affirming the consequent

hypothetical syllogism

13. The following argument patterns is invalid: ________.



modus tollens

modus ponens
chain argument
 denying the antecedent

14. An argument made up of three statements is called ________.

a syllogism
hypothetical

disjunctive

conditional

15. If a deductive argument is made up of three statements, each of the two premises is true, and the conclusion is false it is
called ________.

cogent

invalid
weak

valid

16. The first statement in a conditional premise is called the antecedent.

TRUE

FALSE

17. An argument must be deductively valid if all of its premises are true.

TRUE

FALSE

18. A dependent premise is a premise that relies on at least one other premise to support the conclusion of the argument.

TRUE
FALSE

19. An inductive argument that succeeds in providing probable support for its conclusion is said to be sound.

TRUE

FALSE

20. Sound arguments always have true conclusions.

TRUE

FALSE

21. A statement of the form "P or Q" is called a disjunction.

TRUE

FALSE
 22. If an argument is cogent, then its conclusion must be true.

TRUE

FALSE

23. All sound arguments are valid.

TRUE

FALSE

24. Inductive arguments attempt to establish that the conclusion is probably true.

TRUE
FALSE

25. If a valid argument with three premises has a false conclusion, then all the premises must be false.

TRUE

FALSE

26. Hypothetical syllogisms are also sometimes called "chain arguments."

TRUE

FALSE

27. If a valid argument has a false conclusion, then at least one of its premises must be false.

TRUE
FALSE

28. All strong inductive arguments are good arguments.

TRUE
FALSE

29. All valid deductive arguments are good arguments.

TRUE
FALSE

30. All cogent inductive arguments are good arguments.

TRUE
FALSE

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