RESISTANCE

Short Wire Long Wire

L R

A R
 TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
RESISTANCE
FORMULA
𝜌 = 𝜌! [1 + 𝛼(𝑡 − 𝑡! )
𝜌𝐿
𝑅= 𝐴

𝐿
𝑅2 𝜌2
= 𝐴
𝐿
𝑅1 𝜌1
𝐴

𝑅 = 𝑅𝑜 [1 + 𝛼(𝑡 − 𝑡𝑜 )
T R
 TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
RESISTANCE
FORMULA
 TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
RESISTANCE
FORMULA

−1 1
α$ = α$ =
t % − t$ t$ − t %
 TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
RESISTANCE

Material p(ohm-CM/ft) T( oC) 𝛼 at 20 oC

Silver 9.9 243 0.0038
Copper 10.37 234.5 0.00393
Aluminum 17 236 0.0039
Tungsten 33 202 0.0045
Zinc 36 250 0.0037
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
The resistance of a copper wire at 30°C is 50 Ω. If the temperature coefficient of copper at 0°C
is 0.00427, what is the resistance at 100°C?
GIVEN: R # = R"[1 + α" t # − t" ]
Material: Copper wire
t" = 30°C R"$$°& = 50[1 + α)$°& 100 − 30 ]
t # = 100°C 1 1
R" = 50 Ω α" = 0.00427 = t $ = −234.1920°C
α$°& = 0.00427 t" − t $ 0 − t$
'( 1
Requirements: Ω-
!=1.724x10
α)$°& = α)$°& = 3.7851x10')
cm
R"$$°&= ? 30 − (−234.1920)
R"$$°& = 50[1 + 3.7851x10') 100 − 30 ]
𝐑 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝐂 = 𝟔𝟑. 𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟗 Ω
 5
EQUIVALENT
RESISTANCE
Series, Parallel, and Three-
Terminal Network
 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
● An interconnection of electrical
elements linked together in a closed
path so that an electric current may
flow continuously.

Source: Mesh analysis with current source shared

between two meshes : ECE (reddit.com)

Source: Electric Circuits: Components, Types, and Related

Concepts (thegreatcoursesdaily.com)
 PARTS OF A CIRCUIT

VOLTAGE
RESISTANCES
SOURCE
/ LOADS
(AC/DC)
Source:Electronic Circuit Symbols Images, Stock Photos & Vectors |
Source:The Mesh Current Method For Analysis Of Electric Circuits |
Shutterstock
EEP (electrical-engineering-portal.com))
 PARTS OF A CIRCUIT

a b c

BRANCH
● Represents a single or multiple
d e elements such as a source or a load.

h g f
Source: Mesh analysis with current source shared
between two meshes : ECE (reddit.com)
 PARTS OF A CIRCUIT
a b

NODE
c d
● Is the point of connection between two
or more branches.
○ Minor node – located in between two
branches
○ Major node – 3 or more branches are
f e
connected to it

Source: Mesh analysis with current source shared

between two meshes : ECE (reddit.com)
 PARTS OF A CIRCUIT

a b c

LOOP
d e ● Is an interconnection of branches
forming a closed path in a circuit.
○ abdgha
○ bcedb
○ defgd
○ bcefgdb
h g f ○ abcedgha
○ abdefgha
○ abcefgha
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT