5.

The Simple Past Tense

Definition: Express an action that happened and finished at particular time in the past
A. Structure:
ToBe — Was / Were
+ S (I/ He / She / It / N(singular: So it)) + Was ........
S (You / We / They / N( plural: So nhieu)) + Were...
- S + Was / Were + Not..
? Was / Were + S...?
Yes, S + Was / Were.
No, S + Wasn't / Weren't.
Ordinary Verbs
+ S + V2/ed.
- S + Did + Not + V (B.inf)....
? Did + S + V (B.inf)..
Yes, S + Did.
No, S + Didn't.
Passive: S + Was / were + V3/ed
B. Signal: Used with : Yesterday, Last ( Week, month, year……),….Ago, In + 2011
Eg: Where you (be) were you yesterday? botel I (be) was at home.
We (not / go) to church this morning
We did not go ....
Regular Verbs: V + ED
Consonant + Y -i+ED
To book -> booked
To study - studied
To stay — stayed
Final Sound / ED/
/id/ after: t,d and Adj (Wanted needed, naked)
/t/ after : ch, sh, s, x, k,p, f (Booked, stopped, watched, washed, coughed)
/d/ the rest (besides )

6. The past continuous tense

Definition: describes activities/actions happening or in progress in the recent past at a specific (o'clock) time or
during a period of time in the past. Or in progress when something else happened or interrupted or 2 actions in
progress at the same time
Structure: S.+ Was / were + Ving
Passive: S + Was / were + Being + PP
Signal: At that moment, at that time, all...., during.. .., when, while
Eg: What you (do) during that time?)
Who (take) to the party at that time?
Notes: (2 actions in the past) :
First Action ( Past continuous) ...., Second action ( Simple past)
Eg: When I (go) to school, I (meet) my old teacher yesterday.
While + S + Was/were + Ving.., S + was / were + Ving
Eg: While I (watch) TV, my mom (cook) at 7 o’clock last night

7. The past perfect tense:

Definition: an action happened and completed before another event or time in the past
A. Structure :
+ S + Had + PP
- S + Had Not + PP
? Had + S + PP....?
I had = i'd
Passive: S + Had + Been + PP

B. Signal: by then, by that time, by the time + Simple past, by + time = before, after,..
Eg: We (do) that by last month
Notes: (2 actions in past):
First Action (Finished) ( Past perfect) ..... Second action ( Simple past)
Eg: when i ( arrive) at the station, the train (leave) 2 hours ago

In past:
After + S + had + PP, S + V2/ed
After + Ving /having PP, S + V2/ed
Before + S + V2/ed, S + had + PP
Before + Ving, S + had + PP
Eg: After (explain) it to Ms Huyen, Mr. Kenny (go) out this morning

8. The past perfect continuous tense:

Definition: The same the past perfect, but emphasize the action of the verbs (lasting)
Structure: S + Had + Been + Ving
Passive: S + Had Been + Being + PP

Eg: He (work) here for 20 years before he (be) retired last month
How long / you / wait / before / come / yesterday!
 9.The simple future tense
Definition: talk about future ....

Will / Shall: is used to indicate a sudden decision at the time of speaking, intention, offer, prediction, promise,
request, threat...
Structure:
+ S + Will / shall + V (B.inf)....
- S + Will / shall + Not + V (B.inf)......
? Will / Shall + S + V(B.inf) .....?
Yes, S + Will / Shall
No, S + Won't / shan't
He will = he'll
We /I + Shall/ Will = We'll; I'll
Passive: S + Will/shall + Be + PP
Signal: next......, tomorrow, In + time..
Eg: I will go to Ngai Giao after class
I hope i will go to the US next year.
Maybe I won't go to the wedding next Sunday
I will try more
Eg: Our test (do) in 3 hours.

Shall I/ We….?: Suggest= Let’s= Why don’t……?

Eg: Shall we go to coffee shop after class?
What shall we do tonight?
Where shall we go on this holiday?
Notes: ( 2nd & 3rd Persons) You/He/ She / It / They / N + Shall : Is used in the formal cases like The Bible /
Forms/ Law
Eg: God shall be with us.
You shall be fined
Ms Huyen shall come here.

Be= Am/Is/Are Going to + V(B. int)

Indicate future plan (near future) made before the time of speaking, or a strong resolution , determination
Passive: S + am/is/are going to + Be + PP
Eg: I am going to speak English well
I am going to learn EN much better

Am/ is/ are + To – Inf

Express: obligation, arrangement, Destiny (things hidden in the future), order
Eg: You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
Human is to die.
Be (am/is/are) About To -Inf
Coming soon, happening soon
Eg. We are about to have lunch
I am about to finish tenses.
Christmas is about to come
I am about to eat lunch

10.The future continuous tense

Definition: an action will be in progress at a specific time(o'clock) in the future. Or suggest something in
the future already fixed or decided. Or a polite way of asking about somebody's plan.
Structure: S + will + Be + Ving
Passive: S + Will + be + Being + PP
Signal: At + Time (o'clock) - I'll be travelling with my wife June
E.g: I (stay) home at 8 a.m tomorrow
Where will you be flying from?
Where will you be staying in America? > Polite way to ask
I will be staying there for a year - Fixed plan
How long will you be staying? I will be staying for 2 weeks

11. The future perfect tense.

Definition: something will be completed before a certain time/ another action in the future
Structure : S + Will + Have + PP
Passive: S+Will + Have + Been PP
C. Signal: By + Time, By the time (S + V(s/es)) = not later than, S + will have PP
Eg: We (finish) our English course by next month

12. The future perfect continuous tense:

Definition: The same the Future perfect but emphasize the action of verbs ( Lasting).
Structure: S + Will + Have + Been + Ving
Passive: S+ Will + Have been + Being + PP
Signal: For ..., All…..
Eg: By the time you go to America, you ( complete) your Visa requirement for 2 months.
Notes: (We never use Will / Shall after conjunctions of time)
( When / as / as soon as / until / after / before /if...
Eg: When Mr Minh will gets married, all his money is gone out next year. (Find the wrong)