WRITTEN

TEXT
MEMBERS:
ADRIAN PONTE
HAZEL BAUTISTA
PRINCESS DIMAANO
ASLANIE AMER
JOEL MAGBUANA
 TYPES OF WRITTEN TEXT BASED ON
STRUCTUREBPATTERN AND PURPOSE

1: CAUSE AND EFFECT

2: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

 DEFINITION
Cause and effect text structure is primarily used to
communicate the causal relationship between an
event, action, or idea and what follows. The text is
designed to make the causality and correlation
between the two clear to the reader. This is also a
common structure in both educational and historical
literature.
 CHARACTERISTICS
OF LANGUAGE
Cause and effect is a formal form because it is
necessary for cause and effect to be presented
in a formal text because formality ensures
clarity, objectivity, and professionalism, which
are essential for accurately analyzing and
conveying the relationships between events or
actions.
 SAMPLE TEXT
Have you ever wondered how mountain bikes can ride so smoothly on rough
surfaces? The reason for this is that mountain bikes have suspension systems.

1.
Suspension systems keep the wheels in continuous contact with the ground. This
improves control and insulates the rider from changes in the surface. Suspension
systems also reduce vibrations and make the ride more comfortable. Just don’t
get too comfortable and put your feet up because you still need those for
peddling.
Look down at your feet. Are you wearing shoes? Why? People wear shoes many
reasons. The first and most important reason is to protect their feet. Shoes keep

2.
people from hurting their feet while walking on rough surfaces, but this isn’t the only
reason why people wear shoes. Some people wear special shoes that are designed to
help them play a game, like bowling shoes or soccer cleats. Some people wear
expensive designer shoes so that they appear fashionable and feel good about
themselves. And a lot of other people like my dad wear shoes so that their feet won’t
stink up the room.
 DEFINITION
The Problem and solution text structure is designed
to present a problem and transition into a proposed
solution for said problem. The structure is designed
to both create reasonable cases for why the
problem exists and/or is important and why the
proposed solution can be effective.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
LANGUAGE
Problem and solution discussions are essential in
academic texts because they provide a structured
and evidence-based approach to addressing complex
issues, fostering a deeper understanding of the
problem's significance and the effectiveness of
proposed solutions.
 SAMPLE TEXT
Problem: Noise pollution has a very harmful effect on people’s
normal living and health. Wherever we go, schools, colleges,
offices, and hospitals, sound pollution chases us. Hearing loss,
cardiovascular disease and urban sleeping disturbance are
some of the harmful effects of noise pollution on humans.

Solution: The government should formulate strict rules and

monitor how they are implemented. People need to be made
aware of the negative aspects of sound pollution.
TYPES OF WRITTEN TEXT BASED
ON CONTENT

1: FICTION

2: NON-FICTION
 DEFINITON
Fiction refers to any type of literature
that's created from the imagination and
typically has a narrative. It describes
imaginary events and people. Usually, this
comes in the form of books and stories.
 SAMPLE TEXT
Fiction texts are created from the imagination
and include made-up stories with characters, a
setting and a plot from the author's own
imagination.
EX. Mysteries, science fiction, romance, fantasy,
chick lit, crime thrillers are all fiction genres.
 DEFINITION
Non-fiction is any document or media content
that attempts, in good faith, to convey
information only about the real world, rather
than being grounded in imagination. Non-fiction
typically aims to present topics objectively
based on historical, scientific, and empirical
information.
 SAMPLE TEXT
Autobiographies and biographies: autobiographies and
biographies are examples of literary non-fiction.
Literary non-fiction texts use similar writing techniques
as pieces of fiction to build and create an interesting,
detailed piece of writing about real events that have
happened. EX. Book reports, academic papers,
handbooks, letter collections, encyclopedias, almanacs,
journals, and more.
 CHARACTERISTICS
OF LANGUAGE
Effective writing, whether in fiction or non-fiction, should
be clear, purposeful, and tailored to the audience. It
should have a logical structure, engage readers, and
showcase a unique voice and style. In fiction, character
development and plot are key, while non-fiction should
rely on research and a compelling argument.