spawn production technology and it's challeneges

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
K.Vinay – 221107140057
S.Tapaswini – 221107140052
G.Sekhar –221107140072
Durga kumari –221107140009
Lipsa Rani –221107140053
in partial fulfillment for the award of the
degree of

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

PARALAKHIMUNDI CAMPUS

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

ODISHA
November - 2023

i
BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” is the bonafide work of “Allamallu

Eswar” with registration number “220101120170” who carried out the project work
under my supervision. This is to further certify to the best of my knowledge, that this project
has not been carried out earlier in this institute and the university.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

(Dr. Siddhartha Das) (External)

Department of Plant pathology

Certified that the above mentioned project has been duly carried out as per
the norms of the college and statutes of the university.

SIGNATURE

(Prof. Debendra Maharana)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Computer Science & Engineering

DEPARTMENT SEAL

ii
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “COST EFFECTIVE COMPOST PREPARATION FOR

BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” is the bonafide work of “Andhavarapu

Spandana” with registration number “220101130040” who carried out the project work
under my supervision. This is to further certify to the best of my knowledge, that this project
has not been carried out earlier in this institute and the university.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

(Dr. Siddhartha Das) (External)

Department of Plant pathology

Certified that the above mentioned project has been duly carried out as per
the norms of the college and statutes of the university.

SIGNATURE

(Prof. Debendra Maharana)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Computer Science & Engineering

DEPARTMENT SEAL

iii
BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” is the bonafide work of “Dola Bala raju”
with registration number “220101120120” who carried out the project work under my
supervision. This is to further certify to the best of my knowledge, that this project has not
been carried out earlier in this institute and the university.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

(Dr. Siddhartha Das) (External)

Department of Plant pathology

Certified that the above mentioned project has been duly carried out as per
the norms of the college and statutes of the university.

SIGNATURE

(Prof. Debendra Maharana)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Computer Science & Engineering

DEPARTMENT SEAL

BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” is the bonafide work of “Kuramapu Nitin

iv
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “COST EFFECTIVE COMPOST PREPARATION FOR
kumar” with registration number “220101110022” who carried out the project work
under my supervision. This is to further certify to the best of my knowledge, that this project
has not been carried out earlier in this institute and the university.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

(Dr. Siddhartha Das) (External)

Department of Plant pathology

Certified that the above mentioned project has been duly carried out as per
the norms of the college and statutes of the university.

SIGNATURE

(Prof. Debendra Maharana)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Computer Science & Engineering

DEPARTMENT SEAL

v
 DECLARATIO
N

I hereby declare that the project entitled “COST EFFECTIVE COMPOST

PREPARATION FOR BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” submitted for the
“Project” of 3th semester B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering is my original
work and the project has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree / Diploma or
any other
similar titles in any other University / Institute.

Name of the Student:

Signature of the Student:

Registration No:

Place:

Date:

similar titles in any other University / Institute.

Name of the Student:

vi
 DECLARATIO
N

I hereby declare that the project entitled “COST EFFECTIVE COMPOST

PREPARATION FOR BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” submitted for the
“Project” of 3th semester B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering is my original
work and the project has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree / Diploma or
any other
Signature of the Student:

Registration No:

Place:

Date:

vii
 DECLARATIO
N

I hereby declare that the project entitled “COST EFFECTIVE COMPOST

PREPARATION FOR BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” submitted for the
“Project” of 3th semester B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering is my original
work and the project has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree / Diploma or
any other

similar titles in any other University / Institute.

Name of the Student:

Signature of the Student:

Registration No:

Place:

Date:

similar titles in any other University / Institute.

viii
 DECLARATIO
N

I hereby declare that the project entitled “COST EFFECTIVE COMPOST

PREPARATION FOR BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” submitted for the
“Project” of 3th semester B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering is my original
work and the project has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree / Diploma or
any other
Name of the Student:

Signature of the Student:

Registration No:

Place:

Date:

similar titles in any other University / Institute.

ix
 DECLARATIO
N

I hereby declare that the project entitled “COST EFFECTIVE COMPOST

PREPARATION FOR BUTTON MUSHROOM PREPARATION” submitted for the
“Project” of 3th semester B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering is my original
work and the project has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree / Diploma or
any other
Name of the Student:

Signature of the Student:

Registration No:

Place:

Date:

x
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to express our profound and sincere gratitude to Dr.

Siddhartha Das, Department of Plant pathology, MSSOA, Paralakhimundi
Campus, who guided us into the intricacies of this project nonchalantly
with matchless magnanimity.

We thank Prof. Debendra Maharana, Head of the Dept. of Department

of Computer Science and Engineering, SoET, Paralakhimundi Campus and
Prof. Ashis Ranjan Das, Dean, School of Engineering and Technology,
Paralakhimundi Campus for extending their support during Course of this
investigation.

Group Members:

Kotla Harsitha – 220101120169

Allamallu Eswar – 220101120170

Andhavarapu Spandana – 220101130040

Dola Bala raju – 220101120120

Kuramapu Nitin kumar - 220101110022

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPER TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATE ii - xiii
DECLARATION xiii - xiii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xii
ABSTRACT xiii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 Brief background of the problem 2-3

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 2.1 Research on the button mushroom 2
2.2 Leading Edges in this Field of Study 2
2.2.1 Economic Barriers 2
2.2.2 Sustainability 2
2.2.3 Industry viability 2
2.3 Objectives 3

2.3.1 Optimization of Raw Materials 3

2.3.2 Composting Parameter Optimization 3
2.3.3 Assessment of additions and Amendments 3
2.3.4 Economic Analysis 3
2.4 Determination of the Issue 3

3 METHODOLOGY 4-6

3.1 Raw Material Selection 4

3.2 Composting Process Optimization 4
3.2.1 Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio (C:N) 4

3.2.2 Moisture Content 4

3.2.3 Turning Frequency 4
3.3 Additive and Amendment Assessment 5
3.3.1 Additives to Nutrition: 5

3.3.2 Inhibition of Contaminants 5

3.4 Pilot-Scale Composting Trials 5
3.5 Scaling Up: 5
3.6 Economic Analysis 5

3.7 Statistical Analysis 6

7-10
4 PRODUCTION PROCESS

4.1Raw Material Collection 7

4.2 Processing of Raw Materials 7
4.3 Forming Composting Pile 8
4.4 Optimizing Composting Conditions 8

xii
 4.5 Temperature Monitoring 8
4.6 Mushroom Cultivation 9
4.6.1 Substrate Preparation 9

4.6.2 Incubation 9
4.6.3Fruiting Conditions 9
4.6.4 Harvesting and Post-Harvest Management 9
4.6.5 Economic Analysis 10
5 Summary, Conclusions and scope for Further Study 11-12

5.1 Summary 11
5.2 Conclusions 11
5.3 Scope for Further Study 11

References 12

xiii
 ABSTRACT
The nutritional richness and culinary flexibility of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)
have led to a steady increase in demand. For mushroom growers, however, the high expense
of using traditional compost preparation techniques presents a problem. The goal of this study
was to create a compost preparation method that would be economical without sacrificing
button mushroom yield and quality.

In order to lower overall production costs, the study concentrated on improving the choice of
raw materials, composting parameters, and process efficiency. To establish a composting
substrate that is both sustainable and profitable, agricultural waste materials were utilized,
including crop leftovers, straw, and other locally accessible organic resources. The best
circumstances for mycelial growth and fruiting body development were found by adjusting
composting parameters such moisture content, turning frequency, and carbon to nitrogen
ratio. Alternative amendments and additives were also investigated in an effort to improve
compost quality and reduce possible pollutants.

Economic assessments were also included in the research to assess how cost-effective the
created compost preparation method was in comparison to more traditional methods. This
involved calculating the costs of labour, equipment, and raw ingredients and figuring out the
total return on investment for growing mushrooms. The results of this investigation offer
significant perspectives on an economical compost preparation process customized for button
mushroom farming. The improved method not only helps ensure that mushroom farming is
sustainable, but it also removes financial obstacles that small and medium-sized growers must
overcome. The suggested method's implementation could encourage button mushroom
production to be adopted more widely, leading to more accessibility and affordability in the
market.
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