Name: Lheynard Aeron S. Mira, Owen Brynne G.

Layug
Section:BSCpE – 2D

Abstract
The vital organs of countless technological applications, sensors are crucial to the modern digital
landscape. These tools are made to identify and quantify physical phenomena, translating
physical information into digital data that can be analyzed and controlled. This abstract gives a
general overview of sensors, emphasizing their various applications, developing technologies,
and revolutionary effects on different industries.
Sensors are revolutionizing a wide range of industries, including healthcare, agriculture,
environmental monitoring, and smart cities. Sensors are transforming patient monitoring in the
healthcare industry by enabling remote health management and disease early detection. Soil and
climate sensors for precision agriculture improve crop yields and resource efficiency. While
smart cities use environmental sensors to improve urban planning, traffic management, and
public safety, they also use them to better understand climate change and pollution levels.
Introduction
In our homes, there are various types of sensors. According to R Teja (2021) sensors makes our
lives easier by turning lights on and off, passing the traffic line, and maintaining temperature
around you.
According to J. Cockerham ( 2021) Simple components like sensors and actuators have a
significant impact on industrial systems.
M. Andrei (2023) coined that for instance, a sensor can gather information on physical variables
like temperature, speed, or humidity and transmit it to a computer or other device so that it can
be read.
M. Rouse (2017) For instance, a sensor can gather information on physical variables like
temperature, speed, or humidity and transmit it to a computer or other device so that it can be
read.
Actuators are devices that moves or controls mechanism in a controlled way.
Essay
The sensor was discovered by a teacher named Warren S. Johnson. He thought of the idea thru
the conditions of his classrooms when teaching. The system resulted in erratic classroom
temperatures; the only, ineffective means of adjustment were manually operated dampers located
at the basement furnaces. A custodian visited classrooms every hour to check the temperature
and then opened or closed dampers as necessary. Johnson's invention of the electric room
thermostat, which was patented in 1883, was prompted by the ongoing disruption. Although
hourly interruptions were eliminated, manual intervention was still necessary. He founded the
American Wireless Telegraph Company after experimenting with wireless communications for a
while. Guglielmo Marconi was defeated by the company's exhibit at the Paris Exposition
Universally in 1900, which took second place. Several miles south of Milwaukee, a test tower
was constructed, but the tests were unsuccessful. Lee de Forest, who later created the audio
vacuum tube that gave radio its breakthrough, collaborated with Johnson on the project for about
three months.
By combining electricity and compressed air, Johnson improved the electric room thermostat by
automating the operation of the valves and dampers. Johnson retired from teaching in 1883 so
that he could focus solely on developing his technology. A sensor is a device that notices changes
in its surroundings and reacts to an output from another system. A sensor changes a physical
phenomenon into a quantifiable analog voltage (or occasionally a digital signal) that can be read
by a human or transmitted for analysis. The microphone, which transforms sound energy into an
electrical signal that can be amplified, transmitted, recorded, and reproduced, is one of the most
well-known sensors.
Everyday activities involve the use of sensors. For instance, a very old type of sensor used to
measure temperature is the common mercury thermometer. It depends on the fact that this
chemical reacts consistently and linearly to temperature changes by using colored mercury in a
closed tube.
Sensors and actuators have had and are expected to continue to have a significant impact on
society in various ways: smart cities, healthcare, manufacturing and industry, transportation,
entertainment and gaming, security and surveillance, etc. The expected impact of sensors and
actuators in society includes further advancements in AI and IoT technologies, leading to more
automation, improved data-driven decision-making, and enhanced quality of life. However, these
advancements also raise concerns about privacy, data security, and potential misuse of these
technologies, which need to be carefully addressed as they continue to evolve.
Every day, numerous important innovations and inventions are made. The future of sensors will
be significantly influenced by micro- and nanotechnology, novel materials, and smaller, cleverer,
and more efficient electronic systems.
With more connected devices, experts predict that the Internet of Things (IoT) will continue to
grow. As IoT applications spread across numerous industries, sensors and actuators will be
crucial.

Particularly in augmented and virtual reality applications, sensors and actuators will play a
critical role in the development of more user-friendly and immersive human-machine interfaces.
There must be a proven benefit that can only be obtained through further miniaturization for
ubiquitous sensor systems to live up to their promise of offering situational awareness at low
cost. For instance, new materials based on nanowires with special sensing capabilities can offer
more affordable higher sensitivity, greater selectivity, and possibly improved stability. Such
advancements are required for the future of sensors.
Beyond the traditional fields of temperature, pressure, and flow measurement,[1] the uses of
sensors have increased. Take MARG sensors as an example.
Potentiometers and force-sensing resistors are two common examples of analog sensors. They
are used in a variety of areas of daily life, such as manufacturing and machinery, aerospace,
automobiles, and robotics. Other sensors that measure the chemical and physical characteristics
of materials include optical sensors for measuring refractive indices, vibrational sensors for
determining fluid viscosity, and many others.
With more connected devices, experts predict that the Internet of Things (IoT) will continue to
grow. As IoT applications spread across numerous industries, sensors and actuators will be
crucial.
In conclusion, robotics sensors and actuators have a bright future ahead of them, promising
ground-breaking discoveries that will transform numerous industries and way of life. The
possibilities are endless, ranging from improved precision and adaptability to seamless
integration with artificial intelligence. We can anticipate seeing even more advanced, creative,
and effective robotic systems as technology progresses, which will change the world we live in.