REVISION 1, DEC 2021 DATS CAA PREPARATION TEST HUMAN PERFORMANCE & LIMITATIONS 1

FLIGHT DISPATCH: HUMAN PERFORMANCE & LIMITATIONS 1

Preparation Test 1 (PT1)

Purpose: This test contains nine parts/lesson. The purpose of this mastery
test is to:
 To check the trainee competency and readiness to attempt the
CAA Flight Dispatch paper 1 Examination

References: Refer to the following materials during this test:

 Only the test items booklet for Preparation Test 1, PT1 and the
answer sheet.

Instructions: There are 100 multiple – choice questions.

 Answer all questions because each carry 1 mark.
 Time Allowed: 90 Minutes
 Remember to stay clear of any document that will be used against
you as an exhibit.
 If you need more plain sheets, just raise up your hand and
someone will attend to you.

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 REVISION 1, DEC 2021 DATS CAA PREPARATION TEST HUMAN PERFORMANCE & LIMITATIONS 1

1-Define Human factor for aviation according to chapanis? (6marks)

2-explain fully how the subject human factor came into being? (6marks)

3-the most common form of amnesia affects:

(A) episodic memory
(B) short term or working memory
(C) semantic memory
(D) echoic and iconic memory =

4-Risky shift is
(A) a flight or task undertaken at a time when the body’s circadian rhythms are at their lowest point of
efficiency.
(B) the process by which the central decision-making will ignore any information which does not fit
the mental model created by the situation.
(C) the tendency of a group of individuals to accept a higher risk than any individual member of the
group. =
(D) the natural tendency of the human mind to blame outside agencies for any errors made in an
emergency situation.

5-Which of the following is not one of the 5 hazardous attitudes?

(A) macho
(B) anti-authority
(C) impulsivity
(D) domination =

6-divided attention:
(A) is a fallacy, a pilot can only concentrate at one thing at a time.
(B) makes it possible to detect abnormal values for flight parameters even though they are not the
pilots immediate concern
(C) makes it possible to increase the number of simultaneously managed tasks in safety.
(D) makes possible to carry out several cognitive processes at the same time. =

7-motor programs:
A) are stored as working rules in long term memory =
(B) require conscious thought to engage
(C) can be retained for only a few minutes
(D) the behavioral sub routines

8-the working memory is limited in its capacity to store unrelated items. The number of such items
that may be stored with full attention is:
(A) 7 + 2 =
(B) 7
(C) 5 + 2
(D) 4

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9-anthropometry is
(A) the study of human behavior in response to stress
(B) the study of sleep patterns and circadian rhythms
(C) the study of the relationship between man and his working environment
(D) the study of human measurement. =

10-the speed of any learning process can be increased by:

(A) gradually increasing the psychological pressure on the students
(B) punishing the leaner for unsuccessful trials
(C) reinforcing successful trials
(D) reinforcing errors made during the learning process =

11-the capacity of the working memory may be expanded by:

(A) constant repetition of the material
(B) ‘chunking’ the material =
(C) immediate transfer of the material to the long term memory
(D) practice of the use of mnemonics as memory aids

12-physical stimuli received by the sensory organs may be stored for a brief period of the time after
the input has ceased. The visual and auditory sensory stores are:
(A) visual – echoic memory lasting about 0.5 to 1 second. Auditory – iconic memory lasting up to 7
seconds
(B) auditory – echoic lasting 2 to 8 seconds. Visual – iconic lasting 0.5 to 1 second =
(C) visual – iconic lasting 2 to 8 seconds. Auditory – echoic lasting 0.5 to 1 second
(D) visual – iconic lasting 3 to 4 seconds. Auditory – echoic about 3 to 8 seconds

13-information in the short term memory:

(A) is not affected by the arrival of new information
(B) is only retained for 2 to 3 minutes
(C) can be retained for long periods.
(D) must be actively rehearsed to ensure long term retention. =

14-a motor programmed is:

(A) one that is based on knowledge and experience
(B) the way the checklist is motor/computer programmed.
(C) one that requires conscious thought throughout it action.
(D) one that is learned by practice and repetition and which may be executed without conscious
thought =

15-in decision making the decision of an average group member is usually:

(A) worse than the group decision
(B) better than the group decision
(C) the same as the group decision
(D) excluded from the group decision =

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16-an individual with an introverted personality is likely to be:

(A) cautious =
(B) social able
(C) uninhibited
(D) outgoing

17-if the information in the working memory is not rehearsed it will be lost in:
(A) 1 to 2 minutes
(B) 8 to 12 seconds
(C) 5 to 10 minutes
(D) 10 to 20 seconds =

18-an ideal leader would be:

(A) goal directed and person directed =
(B) goal directed only
(C) person directed only
(D) neither goal nor person directed, but moderate and accommodating

19-during emergency an ideal leader should be:

(A) G+
(B) P+ =
(C) G-
(D) P-

20-individuals are more likely to comply with a decision made by a person who they perceive as:
(A) larger than they are.
(B) of a higher status.
(C) having a better education than themselves. =
(D) being of a greater age.

21-episodic memory is:

(A) a memory of events, held in short term memory.
(B) a memory of information, held in short term memory
(C) a memory of information, held in long term memory
(D) a memory of events, held in long term memory =

22-the iconic memory is the visual store of short memory. It will hold information for:
(A) 5 to 8 seconds
(B) 0.5 to 1 minute.
(C) 1.0 to 1.5 seconds.
(D) 0.5 to 1 second.

23-anthropomorphic data table measurements should be taken from:

(A) a large selection of the general population static and dynamic measurement
(B) a specific population using static measurements.=
(C) a large population of the general population using static measurements.
(D) a specific centesimal population using dynamic and static measurements.=

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24-how many hours should a commercial pilot logged within the past 90 days
(A) 300
(B) 375 =
(C) 275

25-motion about the longitudinal axis is

(A) yawing
(B) rolling =
(C) pitching

26-according to NCAR the rule for emergency locator transmitter (ELT) says
(A) use within 1 month
(B) all airplane most have a Nigerian registration code for ELT
(C)

27-an overstressed pilot will show

1-Resignation, 2-Fatigue, 3-Signs of Irritability, 4-Angry
(A) 1, 2 & 3
(B) 2, 3 & 4
(C) 1, 3 & 4

28-rule based behavior are

(A) long term =
(B) sesmic
(C) epidemic

29-should a pilot crewmember donate blood?

(A) never
(B) yes, 12 hours before flight with doctors approval
(C) 24 hours before flight =

30-what is the Tri-colour VASI “on course” indicator

(A) amber
(B) green =
(C) red

31-what is the time limit for proficiency and operational check?

(A) 6 months
(B) 6 month and 12 months respectively =
(C) 12 months

32-what is the minimum weight for an airplane to be equipped with category 1 flight data recorder?
(A) 2700kg
(B) 4700kg
(C) 27000kg =

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33-what is the reserve fuel for turbine aircraft?

(A) 45mins at 1500ft above aerodrome
(B) 30mins at 1500ft above aerodrome =
(C) 20mins at 1500ft above aerodrome

34-the lowest applicable altitude for an airplane to enter traffic pattern is

(A) 1000ft AGL
(B) 1500ft AGL =
(C) 1500ft AMSL

35-loading limitations calculations shall include?

(A) center of gravity and limiting mass
(B) center of gravity, limiting mass, floor load and mass distribution =
(C) center of gravity, limiting mass, floor load except mass distribution

36-the Nigerian registered aircraft shall be equipped with ELT with the following conditions
(A) frequency of 406MHz
(B) ELT must be approved before 2008
(C)

37-a pilot can expect landing priority when in

(A) first come, first serve basis
(B) cleared for IFR approach
(C)

38-an alternate fuel must be o.k for

(A) missed approached, fuel to the must distant airports, circuit and landing.
(B)
(C)

39-Hypoxia is the result of which of these conditions?

A. Insufficient oxygen reaching the brain. =
B. Excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
C. Limited oxygen reaching the heart muscles.

40-What causes hypoxia?

A. Excessive carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
B. An increase in nitrogen content of the air at high altitudes. =
C. A decrease of oxygen partial pressure.

41-Loss of cabin pressure may result in hypoxia because as cabin altitude increases
A. the percentage of nitrogen in the air is increased.
B. the percentage of oxygen in the air is decreased.
C. oxygen partial pressure is decreased. =

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42-What is a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A. Rapid, shallow breathing.
B. Pain and cramping of the hands and feet.
C. Dizziness. =

43-What is the effect of alcohol consumption on functions of the body?

A. Alcohol has an adverse effect, especially as altitude increases. =
B. Small amounts of alcohol in the human system increase judgment and decision-making abilities.
C. Alcohol has little effect if followed by equal quantities of black coffee.

44-Which is a common symptom of hyperventilation?

A. Tingling of the hands, legs, and feet. =
B. Increased vision keenness.
C. Decreased breathing rate.

45-Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?

A. A stressful situation causing anxiety. =
B. The excessive consumption of alcohol.
C. An extremely slow rate of breathing and insufficient oxygen.

46-Scanning procedures for effective collision avoidance should constitute

A. looking outside for 15 seconds, then inside for 5 seconds, then repeat. =
B. 1 minute inside scanning, then 1 minute outside scanning, then repeat.
C. looking outside every 30 seconds except in radar contact when outside scanning is unnecessary.

47-What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?
A. Look only at far away, dim lights.
B. Scan slowly to permit off center viewing. =
C. Concentrate directly on each object for a few seconds.

48-Which observed target aircraft would be of most concern with respect to collision avoidance?
A. One which appears to be ahead and moving from left to right at high speed.
B. One which appears to be ahead and moving from right to left at slow speed.
C. One which appears to be ahead with no lateral or vertical movement and is increasing in size. =

49-When using the Earth's horizon as a reference point to determine the relative position of other
aircraft, most concern would be for aircraft
A. above the horizon and increasing in size.
B. on the horizon with little relative movement.
C. on the horizon and increasing in size. =

50-A pilot is more subject to spatial disorientation when

A. ignoring or overcoming the sensations of muscles and inner ear.
B. eyes are moved often in the process of cross-checking the flight instruments.
C. body sensations are used to interpret flight attitudes. =

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51-Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation?

A. Reduce head and eye movement to the greatest possible extent.
B. Rely on the kinesthetic sense.
C. Rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments. =

52-When making an approach to a narrower-than-usual runway, without VASI assistance, the pilot
should be aware that the approach
A. altitude may be higher than it appears.
B. altitude may be lower than it appears. =
C. may result in leveling off too high and landing hard.

53-While making prolonged constant rate turns under IFR conditions, an abrupt head movement can
create the illusion of rotation on an entirely different axis. This is known as
A. autokinesis.
B. Coriolis illusion.
C. the leans.

54-The illusion of being in a noseup attitude which may occur during a rapid acceleration takeoff is
known as
A. inversion illusion.
B. autokinesis.
C. somatogravic illusion. =

55-In the dark, a stationary light will appear to move when stared at for a period of time. This illusion
is known as
A. somatogravic illusion.
B. ground lighting illusion.
C. autokinesis. =

56-When making a landing over darkened or featureless terrain such as water or snow, a pilot should
be aware of the possibility of illusion. The approach may appear to be too
A. high. =
B. low.
C. shallow.

57-Haze can give the illusion that the aircraft is

A. closer to the runway than it actually is.
B. farther from the runway than it actually is. =
C. the same distance from the runway as when there is no restriction to visibility.

58-Sudden penetration of fog can create the illusion of

A. pitching up. =
B. pitching down.
C. leveling off.

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59-What illusion, if any, can rain on the windscreen create?

A. Does not cause illusions.
B. Lower than actual.
C. Higher than actual. =

60-side-by-side seating promotes:

(A) hostility
(B) co-operation =
(C) conformity
(D) confrontation

61-the reason that the human body requires oxygen is to:

(A) ensure the conversion of fats and proteins to carbohydrates which are required for issue
regeneration
(B) clear the blood of impurities produced by the body
(C) derive energy from food by chemical oxidation =
(D) to cause hypoxia

62-the best way in which you can overcome hyperventilation is to:

(A) increase stress and activity levels
(B) breath normally =
(C) stop the use of supplemental oxygen
(D) declare emergency landing

63-full dark adaptation of the rods takes approximately:

(A) 7 minutes
(B) 30 minutes =
(C) 20 minutes

64-the most toxic of the exhaust gases it

(A) carbon monoxide (CO) =
(B) carbon dioxide (CO2)
(C) cyanide
(D) carbon dust deposits

65-the condition of narcolepsy is:

(A) where a person cannot prevent themselves from falling asleep =
(B) a drug dependency problem
(C) where a person cannot fall asleep, even under suitable conditions.
(D) narcotism and the likes

66-are you fit to fly when suffering from the symptoms of a cold?
(A) no =
(B) yes, if you are taking non-precription medication
(C) yes
(D) if flying is restricted to 20,000ft or less

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67-hyperventilation means breathing:

(A) less deeply and frequently than is necessary
(B) more deeply but less frequently than is necessary
(C) more deeply and frequently than is necessary =
(D) is like a case of suffocation similar to hypoxia

68-the most usual cause of gastroenteritis is:

(A) food poisoning =
(B) hypoxia
(C) flu or a cold
(D) cold only

69-as workload is increased, performance level

(A) continually increase
(B) continually decrease
(C) gradually increase, then decrease =
(D) gradually increase and peak at stable level

70-the circadian rhythm, when “free-running,” exhibits a periodicity of:

(A) 23 hours
(B) 24 hours =
(C) 25 hours
(D) 25 plus 1 hours

71-full dark adaptation of the cones takes approximately how long?

(A) 7 minutes =
(B) 10 minutes
(C) 30 minutes
(D) 7 – 30 seconds

72-the “fight or flight” response occurs when:

(A) a normal non-aggressive person suffers as a result of shock, choose “fight” rather than flight
(B) the parasympathetic nervous system provides extra resources to individual to copes with a new
sudden source of stress
(C) the symphathetic nervous system provides the person with the resources cope with a new and
sudden source of stress =
(D) none of the above fits as true answer

73-optimizing human performance will lead to

(A) stress
(B) better judgement and decision making =
(C) more pilots in the aviation industry
(D) no change in the aviation industry

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74-the surface of the earth is enveloped closely by a deep layer of air known as
(A) ozone layer
(B) stratosphere
(C) troposphere
(D) atmosphere =
(E) water vapour

75-the layer of air is composed of

(A) a mixture of gases =
(B) only water vapour
(C) helium and argon
(D) ultraviolet and X-rays only

76-REM sleep usually occurs in

(A) stage 2 of sleep
(B) stages 3 and 4 =
(C) stage 1 only
(D) stages 1 and 2

77-the immediate treatment for any type of hypoxia is

(A) air
(B) oxygen =
(C) nest
(D) blood transfusion

78-the audible range is from

(A) 200 – 20 KHz
(B) 100 – 20,000Hz
(C) 20KHz – 200MHz
(D) 20 – 20,000Hz =

79-sound is what we hear and its frequency is measured in

(A) Decibels (db)
(B) Hertz =
(C) loudness
(D) intensity
(E) noise levels

80-the critical noise level is

(A) 20 – 200 Hz =
(B) 90 db
(C) 120 db
(D) can be exceeded with no damage to hearing
(E) is what we can only hear

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81-conflicting messages from the various sense organs to the brain leading to confusion is called
(A) orientation
(B) disorientation =
(C) vertigo
(D) lits

82-perfect vision is measured and written as

(A) 6/6 or 20/20 =
(B) 100/100
(C) normal
(D) all of the above

83-the average pilot tends to be:

(A) anxious and extroverted
(B) anxious and introverted
(C) stable and introverted
(D) stable and extroverted =

84-non-declarative knowledge is:

(A) easy to explain and teach
(B) in the subconscious and requires an link to retrieve into the working memory =
(C) not easy to explain and teach
(D) is learnt by rote

85-the consumption of alcohol affects REM sleep because REM is:

(A) reduced and an individual will tend to wake early =
(B) increased and individual will tend to wake early
(C) reduced and an individual will tend to wake late
(D) increased and an individual will tend to wake late

86-stress management should involve:

(A) the avoidance of stress =
(B) the prevention and removal of stress
(C) the “organisation” of stress
(D) the removal of stress

87-rule based behavour is not store in

(A) short term memory
(B) episodic memory
(C) semsntic memory
(D) all of the above is correct =

88-clinical insomnia can be caused by

(A) stress
(B) illness
(C) caffeine
(D) jet lag =

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89-circadian dysrhythmia is reduced by:

(A) medication from approved aviation doctor
(B) 1.5 hours a day
(C) 25 hours a day =
(D) depends on east – north or west – north direction of flight

90-oxygen is carried by---

(A) alveoli
(B) pulmonary artery
(C) haemoglobin =

91-the condition of time the body system finds difficult to adjust to its when travelling due
(A) west
(B) north
(C) east =

92-the function of inner ear is ----

(A) to prevent direct sound from damaging the otholith
(B) to connect the nasal passage
(C) to detect the acceleration of the head =

93-cyanosis is a sign of what?

(A) hyperventilation
(B) hypoxia =
(C) motion sickness

94-an ideal leader is one who is

(A) goal directed
(B) person directed
(C) goal directed and person directed =

95-the most incapacitating disease in aircraft during flight is----

(A) angina pectoris
(B) gastro enteritis =
(C) heart attack

96-stress is
(A) the body’s nonspecific response to the demands placed on it, whether pleasant or unpleasant,
physical, physiological or psychological. =
(B) temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various
organs.
(C) the product of incomplete combustion of material containing carbon.

97-a fatigued pilot is ---

(A) considerably increases the ability to concentrate
(B) will show signs of increase irritability =
(C) is acting similar as when encountering a state of depression

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98-what would most likely result in hyperventilation?

(A) a stressful situation causing anxiety =
(B) the excessive consumption of alcohol
(C) an extremely slow rate of breathing and insufficient oxygen

99-the state of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient to impair functions of the brain and other
organs is called---
(A) dehydration
(B) hypoxia =
(C) carbon monoxide poisoning

100-hypoxia is very dangerous because----

(A) it causes hyperventilation =
(B) it causes tingling of the feet/finger so as not to be able to operate the switches
(C) it last for a very short time and the victim rarely knows when suffering from hypoxia

END

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