Outline

Introduction
Cellular mobile communications

Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless

Communications

Instructor: Nguyen Le Hung

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 1

 Outline
Introduction
Cellular mobile communications

Outline of Chapter 1

1 Introduction
What is wireless communication?
Development of wireless communication systems
5G on the way
Future trends

2 Cellular mobile communications

System model
Frequency reuse
Cellular concept

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 2

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 3

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 4

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 5

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 6

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 7

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 8

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 9

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 10

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: Emil Björnson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 11

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Development of wireless communications systems

Space dimension: Massive MIMO

Massive MIMO, mmWave
- Ultra-dense hetnets.

Code dimension: CDMA

- M2M, Cloud
- Smart and connected World
- 10 Gbps
3G: CDMA
1G: Analog - UMTS, HSPA
- AMPS - Video, Internet
- Voice - 10 Mbps

Freq. dimension: FDMA Freq. dimension: mmWave, Full-duplex, Cognitive radio

Freq. dimension: FDMA

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Space dimension: MIMO

6G: 100 Gbps ? 7G: 1 Tbps ?

a new Dimension a new Communications Concept
to appear ? to appear ?

Freq. dimension: FDMA

Freq. dimension: OFDMA, SC-FDMA
2G: Digital
- GSM
- Voice
- Message
- 100 kbps

A new signal dimension will be exploited in 6G ?

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 12
 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

OFDM versus FDMA

Frequency

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 13

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 14

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: 5G Key Insights, Ericssons

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 15

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Source: 5G Key Insights, Ericssons

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 16

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

CSP: Communications Service Providers

Source: 5G Key Insights, Ericssons

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 17

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Promises and future trends

Generic 6G targets presented by academia and industry in different fora

Image source: 6G Flagship, “Key Drivers and Research Challenges for 6G Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence, 2019
Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 18
 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Promises and future trends

Source: Saad, W. et. al., 2019. A vision of 6G wireless systems: Applications, trends, technologies, and open
research problems. IEEE network, 34(3), pp.134-142.

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 19

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Promises and future trends

Question: What are the potential technologies for beyond
5G/6G?
Short on-class exercise:
Students work in group, discuss and write down at least 2 potential
candidates. Answer the following questions:
What is the full name of the technology?
What are the main functions? Or how does the technology
work?
Why is it favorable for the next generation?

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 20

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Promises and future trends

Question: What are the potential technologies for beyond
5G/6G?
Short on-class exercise:
Students work in group, discuss and write down at least 2 potential
candidates. Answer the following questions:
What is the full name of the technology?
What are the main functions? Or how does the technology
work?
Why is it favorable for the next generation?

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 20

 What is wireless communication?
Outline
Development of wireless communication systems
Introduction
5G on the way
Cellular mobile communications
Future trends

Promises and future trends

Source: Saad, W. et. al., 2019. A vision of 6G wireless systems: Applications, trends, technologies, and open
research problems. IEEE network, 34(3), pp.134-142.

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 21

 Outline System model
Introduction Frequency reuse
Cellular mobile communications Cellular concept

System model of cellular mobile communications

RS
WS
WS BS
RS
RS
B WS
S
WS
WS
RS Network
BS
RS Controller

WS
WS

BS
Wireless Subscriber RS

WS RS
Relay Station
WS
Back-bone link

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 22

 Outline System model
Introduction Frequency reuse
Cellular mobile communications Cellular concept

Frequency reuse
The available spectrum is partitioned among the base stations
(BSs).
A given frequency band is reused at the closest possible
distance under a certain requirement of co-channel
interference.
Smaller cells have a shorter distance between reused
frequencies =⇒ an increased spectral efficiency.
Microcells are of great importance in improving spectral
efficiency.
Under frequency-reuse, users in geographically separated cells
simultaneously employ the same carrier frequency.

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 23

 Outline System model
Introduction Frequency reuse
Cellular mobile communications Cellular concept

Cellular concept
The cellular layout of a conventional cellular system is quite
often described by a uniform grid of hexagonal cells or radio
coverage zones.
In practice the cells are not regular hexagons, but instead are
distorted and overlapping areas.
The hexagon is an ideal choice for representing macrocellular
coverage areas, because it closely approximates a circle and
offers a wide range of tessellating reused cluster sizes.
A tessellating reuse cluster of size N can be constructed if

N = i2 + ij + j 2 , (1)

where i and j are non-negative integers and i ≥ j. It follows

that the allowable cluster sizes are N = 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, . . ..
Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 24
 Outline System model
Introduction Frequency reuse
Cellular mobile communications Cellular concept

Cellular concept: Multicell layout with frequency-reuse

3-cell 4-cell
7-cell

Macrocellular deployment Macrocellular deployment

with 7-cell clusters with 3-cell clusters

Wireless Communications Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communications 25