CE 93 - GEOSYNTHETICS IN

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

GEOGRIDS
GROUP 2
LINDEROS, EDMON STEPPHEN JAY
MECISAMENTE, JHANDER FEL
DADIDAS, YEVGENY
SUDARIO, ANGELO RAYVEN
YBAñEZ, NEAL
 Content
01 Overview

02 Functions

03 Engineering Applications

04 Laboratory Testing

05 Field Application

06 Frequently Ask Questions

07 Videos
Geogrids are geosynthetic material made from
polymers such as polypropylene,polyethylene or
polyester and are used widely in Civil Engineering
applications to provide tensile reinforcement of
soil.

It is used in the construction of retaining walls,

steep slopes, roadway bases and foundations.
TYPES OF GEOGRID
POLYMER GEOGRIDS STEEL GEOGRIDS

1. UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS 1. High-Strength Steel Grids

2. BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS 2. Low-Carbon Steel Grids
3. TRIAXIAL GEOGRIDS
 POLYMER GEOGRIDS

BIAXIAL TRIAXIAL
UNIAXIAL
provides reinforcement in three directions,
making them suitable for applications
have strength primarily in one provide strength in both the
where multidirectional strength is needed.
direction, typically along the roll longitudinal and transverse
They are commonly used in soil
length. They are used for directions. They are versatile
stabilization, road construction, and other
applications where and suitable for applications
civil engineering projects.
reinforcement is mainly required that require reinforcement in
To enhance load distribution and reduce
in one direction, such as in the multiple directions, like
deformation in soils by providing support
construction of retaining walls stabilizing road bases and
in the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical
and steep slopes. preventing soil erosion.
directions.
 STEEL GEOGRIDS
High-Strength Steel Grids
These geogrids are made from high-strength steel materials and
are designed for heavy-duty applications. They offer exceptional
tensile strength and are used in scenarios where extreme
reinforcement is required, such as in mining operations and
bridge abutments.

Low-Strength Steel Grids

Low-carbon steel geogrids are more cost-effective than high-
strength steel grids but still offer significant strength. They are
often used in applications like reinforcing embankments and
supporting soil structures.
KEY
PROPERTIES
AND BENEFITS 01 STRENGTH AND
DURABILITY

SOIL
02
REINFORCEMENT

03 COST EFFECTIVE

FLEXIBILE 04
FUNCTIONS OF GEOGRID
01 SOIL REINFORCEMENT

02 STABILIZATION

03 LOAD DISTRIBUTION

04 EROSION CONTROL

05 REDUCING SETTLEMENT

06 ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
07 MINING AND EARTHWORKS
1. SOIL REINFORCEMENT
Geogrids are commonly used to
reinforce soil structures. They
distribute applied loads more
evenly, improving the load-
bearing capacity of the soil. This
reinforcement is crucial for
preventing soil erosion, slope
stabilization, and supporting
retaining walls.
2. STABILIZATION
Geogrids help stabilize
loose or unstable soils.
They reduce soil
settlement and lateral
movement, making them
ideal for stabilizing road
and railway
embankments, slopes,
and even airport runways
3. LOAD DISTRIBUTION
By spreading loads over a
wider area, geogrids
reduce the stress on the
underlying soil. This
function is valuable in
applications such as
parking lots, roadways,
and heavy industrial
facilities.
4. EROSION CONTROL
Geogrids can be used in
conjunction with erosion
control measures to
prevent soil erosion and
the loss of topsoil on
slopes, riverbanks, and
coastal areas.
5. REDUCING SETTLEMENTS
Geogrids help reduce
settlement in structures
and pavements by
improving the support
provided by the
underlying soil.
6.ENVIRONMEMTAL
PROTECTION
Geogrids can be used in
landfill liner systems to
enhance the containment
of waste materials and
prevent contamination of
groundwater.
7. MINING AND EARTHWORKS
Geogrids are used in
mining operations to
stabilize haul roads, mine
walls, and other
structures in challenging
environments.
Road Constructions
Subgrade Stabilization: Geogrids are
commonly used to reinforce the subgrade
beneath road surfaces. They distribute the
load from traffic and prevent the subgrade
from settling, which can lead to cracks and
potholes.

Asphalt Reinforcement: In flexible

pavement structures, geogrids are
employed to enhance the tensile strength of
asphalt layers. This increases the lifespan of
the road and reduces maintenance costs.
 Retaining Walls
Reinforcement of Retaining Structures:
Geogrids : are used to reinforce
retaining walls, especially in situations
where the wall needs to retain a
significant amount of soil or withstand
lateral pressure.

Slope Stability: They help stabilize

slopes and prevent erosion, making
them an essential component in
projects involving embankments and
cut slopes.
Embankments
Erosion Control: Geogrids are used in
the construction of embankments to
control soil erosion. By providing
stability and reinforcing the soil, they
protect against washouts and maintain
the integrity of the embankment.

Steep Slopes: Geogrids enable the

construction of steeper slopes than
would be possible with conventional
methods, which is particularly useful in
hilly terrain.
 Landfills
Liner Systems: Geogrids play a critical
role in landfill liner systems. They
provide structural support to the liner
and help distribute loads evenly,
preventing damage to the liner and
leakage of contaminants.

Leachate Collection: In combination

with geocomposite drainage systems,
geogrids aid in the collection and
removal of leachate, preventing
groundwater pollution.
 Mining
Haul Road Stabilization: Mining
operations often require the
construction of haul roads for
transporting materials. Geogrids are
used to stabilize these roads, increasing
their load-bearing capacity and
durability.

Wall Support: Geogrids are employed in

the construction of retaining walls and
reinforced slopes within mining sites,
enhancing safety and stability.
1. Tensile Strength Testing (ASTM D6637)
This test measures the
tensile strength and
elongation of geogrids. It
helps determine their ability
to resist forces when
subjected to tension. Tensile
testing can be conducted in
both the machine and cross-
machine directions for biaxial
geogrids.
2. Puncture Resistance Testing (ASTM D6241)
Puncture resistance testing
assesses a geogrid's ability to
withstand puncture forces. A
sharp probe is used to apply
a concentrated force to the
geogrid, and the maximum
force required for puncture is
recorded.
3. Creep and Creep Rupture (ASTM D5262)
This test evaluates the
geogrid's long-term tensile
behavior by subjecting it to
sustained tensile loads. It
helps assess its durability
over time and its ability to
maintain its structural
integrity.
4. Flexural Rigidity ( ASTM D7748)
Flexural rigidity testing
measures a geogrid's ability
to distribute loads and
provide support. It involves
applying a load to a geogrid
sample to determine its
flexural properties.
5. Thickness Measurement (ASTM D5199)
Thickness measurement
assesses the thickness of the
geogrid material. It is
essential for quality control
and to ensure the geogrid
meets specified thickness
requirements.
Aperture Size and Shape Analysis:
This test determines the size and shape of the apertures
(openings) in the geogrid. It is essential for
understanding the geogrid's filtration and soil interaction
properties.
UV Resistance Testing:
Geogrids exposed to outdoor environments need to be
tested for UV resistance. Accelerated weathering tests,
such as xenon arc or carbon arc exposure, can simulate
long-term UV exposure to assess the geogrid's durability.
Chemical Resistance Testing:
Chemical resistance tests evaluate how geogrids react
when exposed to various chemicals commonly found in
the environment. This is crucial for applications involving
contact with potentially corrosive substances.
FIELD APPLICATION
Segmental Block Retaining Wall at Davao
City Coastal Road Bago-Aplaya Section
Road Embankment Slope Failure Repair in
Lampoon Road, Thailand
Road Embankment Slope Failure Repair in
Lampoon Road, Thailand
Roadway Embankment Reconstruction after
Extreme Weather in Germany
1. When should you use geogrid?
Geogrid is used in almost every type of hardscape—from driveways to walkways
to patios and everything in between. However, it is essential in retaining walls,
particularly those above three or four feet.

2. How long does geogrid last?

Your geogrid will essentially last forever. Tests have shown that geogrid has
virtually no degradation for exposure in an outdoor environment for 12 months.
This means that degradation will not happen even if geogrid is left exposed to
the elements.
There is even less chance of degradation when geogrid is underground in a
dense aggregate environment, as it usually is. Your geogrid will last as long as
your hardscape—likely longer than you!
3. What are the advantages of using geogrid?
Reduce excavation
If you use geogrid, you can reduce the depth of excavation required on unsuitable
subgrades. This means less digging and excavation, making your project more
straightforward.

Strengthen soil
Geogrid does wonders to strengthen the soil and provide enhanced safety and
excellent seismic durability by stabilizing slopes. Geogrid ensures that your
retaining wall won’t fall over!

Reduce settlement
Another advantage of geogrid is that it reduces differential settlement. Geogrids
lessen the need for maintenance and extend the lifetime of paths, roads, walls, and
more.
4. Where is geogrid placed?
Geogrid is placed atop the subgrade (the primary layer of earth below your
project) and below the AB (aggregate base). In other words, dirt, sand, or large
rock should be below the geogrid and ¾”-0 road base gravel installed on top
of it.

5. What is the difference between geogrid and geotextile?

Geotextiles are for separation, filtration, and drainage purposes, while
geogrids are used specifically for reinforcement. If you want to build a strong
hardscape, use geogrid.