THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

By Fe Joan Fama-Demegillo, MD
PLEASE READ your textbooks and other references.
These are just slides which will serve as a guide.
Video included for better understanding.
Long exam will be given once schedule arranged. Study your lessons well.
Thank you.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the location of the heart in the body.
2. Identify its major anatomical areas on an appropriate model
or diagram.
3. Trace the pathway of blood through the heart.
4. Compare pulmonary and circulatory circuits.
5. Explain the operation of the valves.
6. Name the functional blood supply of the heart.
LOCATION
THE SYSTEMIC
& PULMONARY
CIRCULATIONS
What is the location of the heart in the thorax?

Which heart chamber has the thickest walls? What is the

functional signi cance of this structural di erence?

How does the function of systemic circulation di er from

that of pulmonary circulation?

Examples of homeostasis Imbalance

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THE HEART VALVES
REVIEW VIDEO ON
NO.3 SLIDE
PRESENTATION
 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART

1. Name the elements of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart,

and describe the pathway of impulses through this system.

2. Explain what information can be gained from an

electrocardiography.
CARDIAC CYCLE AND HEART SOUNDS
TERMINOLOGIES
Cardiac cycle: one complete heartbeat, Ave of 75/min, length approx 0.8sec
Systole: heart contraction
Diastole: heart relaxation
Summary of the events occurring during the cardiac cycle(next slide)
Isometric -equality of measure, ; in the heart- an event in the heart occurring in early
systole during which the ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change. Takes
place very short when all heart valves are close.
Isotonic cardiac contraction - or concentric contraction, described as shortening of the
muscle. Occurs when the force generated by the muscle is greater than the constant load
acting on the muscle.
CARDIAC OUTPUT
POINTS TO PONDER
Cardiac Output = HR x SV
—amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1 min
Stroke Volume — volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat.
In general, SV increases as force of ventricular contraction increases
If HR= 75bpm and SV 70ml/beat:
CO = 75HR x 70 SV= 5250ml/min
Normal adult volume —6000ml

CO increases if SV or HR increases
Starling’s Law of the Heart— the more the muscles are stretched by the lling of chambers, the stronge the
contraction will be

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 THANK YOU
Part 2 will be uploaded soon! Study well😁