Criteria B: Scientific Investigation Planning

Investigate the relationship between volume changes in a model lung and the corresponding
pressure changes, simulating inhalation and exhalation.

Formulate a testable hypothesis and explain it using scientific reasoning.

Hypothesis: If the volume of the model lung increases, then the air pressure inside the bottle will
decrease, causing the balloon lung to inflate. Conversely, if the volume decreases, the air pressure
will increase, leading to the deflation of the balloon lung. This is based on the principle that air flows
from high to low pressure.

iii. Variables and Data Collection:

Explain how to manipulate the variables and describe how data will be collected.

Variables:

Independent Variable: Volume changes in the model lung (manipulated by pulling or pushing the
balloon diaphragm).

Dependent Variable: Inflation or deflation of the balloon lung.

Data Collection:

Measure the initial volume of the bottle and the initial size of the balloon lung.

Record observations when pulling down and pushing up on the diaphragm.

Document the volume changes and corresponding states of the balloon lung.

iv. Design of Scientific Investigations:

Design scientific investigations outlining the procedure.

Procedure:

Cut the plastic bottle and secure a balloon to the straw to create the model lung.

Insert the straw through clay into the bottle, leaving space for air to travel.

Attach the diaphragm balloon to the bottom of the bottle.

Secure the straw and balloon diaphragm with clay.

Pull or press on the diaphragm, observe and record changes in the balloon lung.
Criteria C: Presentation and Evaluation of Data

Data Presentation:

Use a table or graph to illustrate initial and final volumes, balloon lung sizes, and observations.

Interpret data and explain results using scientific reasoning.

Analyze how volume changes correlate with balloon lung states.

Discuss any patterns or trends observed during the investigation.

Evaluate the validity of the hypothesis based on the outcome.

Compare the predicted outcomes from the hypothesis with the actual results.

Discuss any deviations and potential reasons for differences.

Method Evaluation:

Assess the reliability of the procedure in demonstrating the relationship between volume changes
and pressure.

Identify any limitations or sources of error.

Improvements/Extensions:

Propose modifications to enhance the model or better simulate real-world lung functions.

Suggest additional variables or factors for more comprehensive investigations.