HOI Assignment 2

IFRA RIAZ 20221-33085

1) Identify 2 core differences between Islamic and western science.

Islamic science has historically been rooted in a metaphysical worldview, influenced by Islamic
theologies as well as philosophies. It emphasizes a holistic understanding of the universe, integrating
religious and scientific knowledge. Western science, on the other hand, developed within a framework
that gradually separated scientific inquiry from religious and philosophical considerations, leading to a
more secular approach to knowledge.

Islamic science relies on sources such as the Quran, Hadith, and classical Islamic texts. Western science,
especially after the Scientific Revolution, increasingly emphasized empirical evidence, experimentation,
and uses mathematics as primary sources for knowledge, which led to significant advancements in the
field.

Islamic Science: Rooted in metaphysical worldview, integrates religious and scientific knowledge.

Western Science: Emphasizes empirical evidence, experimentation, and mathematics, separate from
religion.

2) What were the factors that caused the destinies of science in the Islamic world and the West to
become separated, leading to the drastic divergence in their scientific development?

1. Socio-political Changes: The decline of the Islamic Golden Age (8th to 14th centuries) was
influenced by internal political struggles, conflicts, and the fragmentation of the Muslim world.
This weakened the institutions that once supported scientific inquiry and knowledge
dissemination.
2. Rediscovery of Ancient Greek Texts: During the European Renaissance, there was a rediscovery
of classical Greek and Roman texts, which significantly influenced the development of Western
science. This revival of ancient knowledge gave Western science a historical continuity and
additional momentum.

3) How has the colonization of the Islamic world by Western powers affected the development and
preservation of Islamic science, and how does it contribute to the divergence between Islamic and
Western science?

The colonization of the Islamic world by Western powers had significant effects on the development and
preservation of Islamic science. Colonial powers imposed their educational systems, which led to a
neglect of traditional Islamic knowledge. This disrupted the transmission of Islamic scientific heritage to
future generations.
Furthermore, colonialism introduced political, social, and economic changes that marginalized
indigenous knowledge systems, including Islamic science. This created a cultural and intellectual
dependency on the West, making it difficult for the Islamic world to reclaim and preserve its scientific
tradition.

4) Why is it important for Islam to preserve its own scientific tradition and understand the significance
of modern science in order to navigate its confrontation with the modern world?

1. Cultural Identity: Islamic science is part of the rich cultural heritage of the Muslim world.
Preserving it helps maintain a distinct identity and fosters a sense of pride in their historical
achievements.
2. Ethical Considerations: Islamic science, with its emphasis on ethical responsibilities and
considerations, can provide a moral framework for the use of modern scientific advancements in
the Islamic context.
3. Balanced Development: Emphasizing Islamic science alongside modern science can lead to a
more balanced development, where scientific advancements align with religious and ethical
values.
4. Contributions to Global Knowledge: Islamic science has made significant contributions to various
fields in history. By reviving and promoting Islamic science, the Muslim world can contribute to
global knowledge and innovation