PEMERINTAH PROVINSI LAMPUNG

DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN

SMA ....

PAKET 1
SOAL SUMATIF SMA PROVINSI LAMPUNG
TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2023
LEMBAR SOAL

Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris Hari / Tanggal : Jumat /2 Juni 2023

Kelas :X Waktu : 120 Menit

Petunjuk Umum
1. Tuliskan nama dan nomor tes anda pada lembar jawaban yang tersedia
2. Kerjakan soal yang dianggap mudah terlebih dahulu
3. Laporkan pada pengawas jika terdapat tulisan yang kurang jelas, rusak atau jumlah soal
kurang
4. Periksalah lembar jawaban sebelum diserahkan kepada pengawas

Petunjuk Khusus
1. Pilihlah salah satu jawaban yang paling tepat pada salah satu huruf A, B, C, D atau E di
lembar jawaban .
2. Untuk membetulkan jawaban, hapuslah jawaban kemudian pilihlah jawaban yang benar.

The text is for question number 1 to 4

The Dancing Teapot

Once upon a time, a ragman found a badger caught in a trap. He took pity on the animal and set it free.
Now this badger had magic powers and thought for a long time about how to repay the man. Finally the
badger turned itself into a beautiful teapot and slipped itself into the ragam's bag.

When the ragman found the teapot, he was very puzzled as to how it had got into the sack. He decided to
take it at once to the priests in the temple as a gift, so that they might always remember him in their
prayers.

When, however, one of the priests put the teapot on the fire to boil some water, he heard it cry out. He
immediately began to shout in terror: 'The teapot is possessed!'

The other priests came running, but the teapot seemed to be boiling away in the normal fashion.
However, the priest insisted on calling the ragman back and returning his teapot to him.

The night, the kindly ragman was awakened by a tiny voice. When he looked around, he saw that the
teapot now had the head, the tail and the paws of a badger.

'Take me to the market,' the teapot said to him, 'and I will dance for you and make you a rich man.'

And thus it was. To see something that was half badger and half teapot, that danced by itself. was such
an extraordinary sight, that people were willing to pay to witness it.

The ragman became so rich in this way that in a short while he had enough money to last him a lifetime.
After this, instead of going on to make even more money, the ragman decided that the least he could do
for the teapot, to whom he owed so much, was to allow it to rest.

So that the teapot might for not fall into the hands of some more greedy person, he took it back to the
temple where the priests again agreed to look after it.

From that day, a thousand years have passed, but the teapot is still in the temple where it basks in the
rays of the sun through the windows.

1. Why did the badger want to repay the ragman?

A. The ragman owed a lot to the bagder
B. The ragman had set the badger free.
C. The badger had set the ragman free.
D. The badger had given the ragman teapot.
E. The teapot was given to the badger.

2. How did the badger repay the ragman?

A. By making performances to make money.
B. By giving the ragman much gold.
C. By singing many beautiful songs.
D. By helping the ragman without payment.
E. By providing the ragman with food.

3. From the tale, we can conclude that the ragman was…

A. very greedy
B. still in poverty
C. torturing the teapot.
D. selling the teapot to the priest.
E. wise and not greedy.

4. What is the moral value we can learn from the tale?

A. When we help someone, we are not supposed to obtain something in return.
B. Helping others can make us very rich because of the thing in return.
C. It’s all right to hope something in return when we help someone.
D. It’s our right to get something in return from our help to others.
E. We must get something return if we help others.

The text is for question number 5 to 8

Once, there was a tortoise that was incredibly talkative. It could talk incessantly for hours
without getting any fatigue. However, its fellow forest companions were not so fortunate. They
grew increasingly irritate with the tortoise since its speeches were always boring and long-
winded.
One summer, the forest was affected by a terrible drought. The only lake in the entire
forest which provided water began to dry up and the animals grew alarmed. They sent some
birds out to look for alternative source and eventually decided to move to a nearby forest
which had a big water-filled lake. However, the poor tortoise was in no mood to rejoice. It was
too slow-moving to reach the forest in time and asked around for help. After difficulty, it
managed to find two kind crows which were willing to help.
They came up with a brilliant plan that require the tortoise to clasp tightly to a branch
with its mouth. The branch would then be carried by both birds with their legs to the new lake.
The plan was soon underway and the tortoise was ferried through the air in grand style. When
they were flying the tortoise forgot the crow’s earlier warnings and began to shout,”………look !”
Look! What a beautiful lake!”Unfortunately, those were the last words it ever uttered.
 5. Why did the other forest animals dislike the tortoise?
A. It never felt any fatigue while talking
B. It forced them to listen to its nice talks
C. It was not a nature that was easily fatigue
D. It made exceedingly engrossing conversation
E. It forced them to listen to its boring speeches

6. What was the eventual fate of the tortoise?

A. It managed to live peacefully in the new lake
B. It fell down and died
C. It stopped being talkative to its friends
D. it lost its new life
E. It found a new life

7. What lesson does the story convey to readers?

A. The usefulness of unnecessary conversation
B. The disadvantages of being talkative
C. The drawbacks of keeping silent
D. The advantages of being vocal
E. The un usefulness of nice talks

8. Once, there was a tortoise that was incredibly talkative. It could talk incessantly for hours
without getting any fatigue.
The antonym of the underlined word is…
A. Constantly
B. Continually
C. occasionally
D. Non stop
E. All the time

The text 3 is for questions number 9 to 12

A long time ago, there was a village near Arberdeen called “Hong Kong Ts’un” or “Incense Harbour
Village”. The incense grown there was famous throughout China. Some of it was even sent to the Chinese
Emperor. Some people believe that the name Hong Kong comes from this village.
One day, the Emperor wanted some incenses sent to him from the village. The villagers did not
send it to him. The Emperor then ordered his officer to arrest the village headmen and cut off their
heads. After that, everyone ran away from the village and no more incense was grown there.
But some other people believe that Hong Kong is named after a container for burning incense.
Long, long ago, this container was picked up in the harbor. It was kept in a temple at Causeway Bay. The
place where it was found was called “Hong Kong” or “Incense Harbour”
There is a third story that Hong Kong is named after a woman called Hong ku. She was the wife of
a pirate chief. After her husband died, she became the leader of the pirates. She then moved to the island
which is now called Hong Kong. If this story is true, the name “Hong kong” means “Hong’s Harbour”.
According to yet another story, Hong Kong is named after a stream near Pokfulan Road. The water
was very pleasant to drink. Many years ago, people used to go there to collect drinking water. The
stream was called “Hong Kong” or “sweet stream.

9. What village is that near Arberdeen?

A. KongTsun
B. Cun kong
C. Hong kong
D. Chinese Emperor
E. Incense Harbour Village

10. What does paragraph 4 tell you about?

 A. The name of Hong Kong comes from a stream
B. The name of Hong Kong comes from Hong ku
C. The woman didn’t give any name
D. Hong’s Harbour is very famous
E. The woman is single pirate

11. Why did everyone run away from village?

A. Because they were hungry
B. Because they wanted to move another village
C. Because nobody wanted to live there
D. Because their king ordered officer to cut off their heads
E. Because there was something new

12. What can you learn from the story?

A. Be a wise man to get appreciation
B. Stay at village whatever happened
C. Don’t forget about the leader
D. Run away from the problem
E. Should be an obedient officer

The Text 4 is for questions number 13 to 16

Putri Kemuning
There was a beautiful girl named Putri Kemuning. She lived with her mother in a forest. They
earned their living by collecting firewood, then sold them to the villagers nearby.
One day, Putri Kemuning’s mother was sick. Putri Kemuning was very upset because she had no
money to buy some medicines for her mother. The rabbit, Putri Kemuning’s friend, knew that. He came
to her and gave her a ring. He told her that he found the ring in the forest. It belonged to the king
Ngarancang Kencono. He dropped it when he was hunting.
The rabbit asked Putri Kemuning to sell the ring so she could use the money to buy medicines.
Putri Kemuning refused to sell it. On the contrary, she gave the ring back to the king. Finally, the king
gave Putri Kemuning a bag full of gold coins. Then, she bought medicines for her mother.

13. The following statement isn’t matched with the text…

A. Putri Kemuning lived in a forest
B. Putri Kemuning returned the ring to King Ngrancang Kencono.
C. The rabbit gave Putri Kemuning a ring which he found in a forest.
D. Putri Kemuning was sad because she didn’t have money to cure her mother.
E. King Ngarancang Kencono wanted to marry Putri Kemuning because of her honesty.

14. How many characters are in the story?

A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. five
E. More than five

15. Who owned the ring actually?

A. The rabbit
B. The rabbit’s friend
C. Putri Kemuning.
D. Putri Kemuning’s friend.
E. King Ngarancang Kencono.

16. “Putri Kemuning refused to sell it.” ( paragraph 3). The underlined word has the similar meaning
to ......
 A. Declined
B. Ignored
C. Obeyed
D. Abandoned
E. Underestimated

The text is for question number 17 to 18

The title of the story identifies the incident that animates the action of this masterful piece of
short fiction. Dave Sexton, together with five of his classmates, climbs a neighbor’s cherry tree to
capture a lizard while on a field trip with his high school biology class. The tree is broken and the six
boys must pay for the damage. Unfortunately, Dave Sexton is unable to come up with his dollar. The
principal, Professor Herbert, contributes the money for Dave but makes him stay after school to work
off the debt. It is at this point that the story begins.

Dave would rather take a whipping than stay after school, because he must help his father with
the farm chores. Professor Herbert, however, believes that Dave is too big to be punished in this fashion.
When Dave gets home two hours late, Luster Sexton, Dave’s father, is furious with his son, as well as
with the high school principal, modern education, and society in general. Luster vows to go to school
with Dave and put a stop to such foolishness as “bug learning” He declares, “A bullet will make a hole in
a schoolteacher same as it will anybody else.” Before Luster leaves with his son the next morning, he
straps on his gun and holster.
Naturally, Luster causes a commotion in the school with his rustic ways and his revolver. He
confronts the principal and, after placing his gun on the seat beside him, demands an explanation.
Professor Herbert is taken aback and then explains that he had no other choice than to punish Dave in
the way he did. He also tells Luster that education has changed since the days when he attended school.
When Herbert offers to show Luster what really goes on in high school, he accepts, accompanying the
principal on an extended tour for the whole day, and eventually showing up in his son’s biology class,
where he sees germs under a microscope for the first time.
In the end, Luster understands that the world has changed considerably from the time when he
was a boy, and that there is a need to learn more than “reading’, writing’, and ciphering’.” When
Professor Herbert excuses Dave from the two hours of work yet remaining from him to pay his debt,
Luster will not hear of it. So changed is his attitude that he volunteers to help his son sweep the school,
insisting now that Dave get all the education he can.
Source https://www.enotes.com/topics/split-cherry-tree

17. Why did Dave should work two hours after school?
A. Dave’s friends had pay for the broken cherry tree fine after the incident.
B. Dave didn’t want to pay for the broken cherry tree fine after the incident.
C. Dave couldn’t pay the fine of the broken cherry tree because he didn’t have money.
D. Professor Herbert paid for Dave’s fine of the broken cherry tree so Dave should work after
school to repaid it.
E. Professor Herbert gave Dave’s punishment to work after school because he didn’t approve
Dave’s attitude.

18. The writer’s of the story wants the reader know how important teaching...
A. the students various lessons for their future and make them clever.
B. the students about the lesson for their life and how to be responsible.
 C. the students how difficult life is and be serious in studying.
D. the students to finish their tasks and present them in front of the class.
E. the students to study hard and prepare their future dream.

The text is for question number 19 to 20

Long ago in China, there lived a little boy named Hung Yung. He was the youngest child in the
family and had many elder brothers and sisters.
One day, their father brought home a big basket of pears. He put the basket on the table and told
his children that they could each take one pear to eat. All the children except Hung Yung came up to the
table and began to choose the biggest and nicest pear. Hung Yung alone stood back way from his
brothers and sisters.
When their father saw this, he was surprised and asked “Hung Yung, Why don’t you choose
yourself a big pear?” The little boy answered, I let my brothers and sisters have the biggest pears
because they are bigger than I am. I will take the smallest one.”
His father was very pleased with this reply because Hung Yung was then only three years old. He knew
that his son, one day would grow up to be a great man. Years later, Hung Yung really grew up to be a
great man.

19. What is the story about?

A. A little boy with a great heart
B. The greediness of the eldest brother
C. A family with too many children
D. Pears given for the dearest children
E. A big basket of pears to be chosen

20. What is the moral value of the text above?

A. To be a great man, one must be given many pears.
B. A great man can be seen since his childhood.
C. The youngest should be treated differently.
D. The elders are supposed to get the most.
E. The elders must be role model for youngers

The text is for question number 21 to 25

Today, it is not surprising to see that many children are familiar with the internet. The internet
is important, but controlling children accessing it is a must. This is because of the following reasons.
Websites on the internet are easily opened by everyone around the world. The websites may
contain bad and innapropriate articles, pictures and videos. Children can’t filter which one they should
see and which they should not.
The internet can also make children addicted. Moreover, there are many websites providing
online games for children. If we can’t control them, they will play the games for hours without stopping.
This is absolutely not good for them.
Besides, if children access the internet too often, they may not have a good social life. They
won’t be able to get along with their friends. Furthermore, this may make them anti-social.
Thus, it is clear that we should control children when they access the internet.

21. What is the text mainly about?

A. Dangerous websites for children.
B. The danger of the internet for children.
C. The time duration for children accessing the internet.
D. The control over children’s access on the internet.
E. The reasons children should minimize the internet usage.

22. What makes children addicted to internet?

 A. Online games.
B. Factual articles.
C. Interesting videos.
D. Innapropriate videos.
E. Educational materials

23. What will happen if children engage to the internet too frequent?
A. They will be up-to-date.
B. They will have many friends
C. They will become introverts.
D. They will neglect their studies.
E. They will gain various information.

24. What does the writer suggest related to the topic?

A. Forbid children from accessing the internet.
B. Attend children when surfing the internet.
C. Give punishment if children accessing the internet.
D. Have children to attend many courses or activities.
E. Not allow children to have advanced mobile phones.

25. “The websites may contain bad and innapropriate articles,…”(Paragraph 2).
The underlined word is similar in meaning to…
A. indigenous
B. indifferent
C. provocative
D. dissastisfying
E. irrelevant
The text is for question number 26 to 29

Consequence of cheating
Cheating is a bad habit that must be avoided by students. There are no benefits that students
will get by cheating. It only makes them lazy.
Cheating has a few consequences in both sort and long terms. In the short term, it means that
the learning process, you are taking, is useless. Maybe you will feel safe because you are not caught by
your teacher. Then, you will feel amazing studying. But, it is not such a good method. Actually, you are
wasting your time and your money trying to “learn” by cheating. If you get caught, you will be in trouble
because you can be expelled from school or the university. In addition, you will get a zero on your test
and a bad reputation with the teachers and the other students, in the long term, you mau graduate from
school or university by cheating, but when you are asked to use your knowledge at work, you cannt
solve the problems, give ideas or behave in a meeting because you didn’t learn much at university.
From the consequences above, it is obvious that cheating is a bad habit that has many
disadvantages for students.

26. what is the purpose of the text ?

A. To retell a cheating experience.
B. To persuade readers not to cheat.
C. To show the number of cheating cases.
D. To show good and bad impacts of cheating.
E. To discuss the cheating phenomenon among students.

27. what can we infer from the text ?

A. cheating can get you expelled from school
B. you cannot go to meetings at work.
C. cheating makes students lazy.
D. you cannot work in any company because you are cheat
 E. cheating is a bad habit that has short and long term consequences.

28. “it only makes them lazy.” (paraghraph 1)

What does the underlined word refer to ?
A. Bad habit
B. Cheating
C. Reading
D. Reading
E. Students

29. “….. it its obvious that cheating is a bad habit…”(paragraph 3)

What does the underlined word means?
A. Ridiculous
B. Difficult
C. Obscure
D. Vague
E. Clear

The text is for question number 30 to 31

School violence is s serious problem. The presence of violence at school lead to multiple serious
effects. It is important to recognize the effect of the violence, so the school can address the problem
before it spirals out of control.
It is easy to identify the effects of violence to children. In addition to the physical effect resulting
from physical violence, there are also more social and psychological effects as well. Children who are
bullied or injured at school often show signs of depression, violent thoughts, suicide, anxiety, low self-
esteem, and other psychological issues.Children may avoid communicating with other students as they
want to avoid violent confrontations.
Violence at schools also has an impact on the school itself. The presence of a high amount of
violence is bad for the school’s reputation, so parents will try to remove their children from the school.
Fewer students means less funding for the school, which means the school will be unable to provide the
best education.

30. What can a school management do to prevent violence at school ?

A. Treat students fairly.
B. Have a strict inspection.
C. Do a test on new students.
D. Give compliments to students.
E. Appreciate students achievement.

31. Children may have low self-esteem ….school violence

A. so
B. since
C. due to
D. therefore
E. because of

The text is for question number 32 to 35

As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas causes i
llnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of these illness are so bad that peop
le can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit pedestri
ans in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or conce
ntrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.
 In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

32. What one of the diseases caused by pollution?

A. HIV / AIDS
B. Bronchitis
C. Liver
D. Fever
E. Cholera

33. What is the purpose of the text?

A. to persuade reader about the cars should be banned in the city
B. to explain the characteristics the cars should be banned in the city
C. to inform readers about cars should be banned in the city.
D. to describe cars should be banned in the city.
E. to retell readers about cars should be banned in the city.

34. The following sentence inappropriate with the information of the text…
A. the cars contribute the most of pollution in the world.
B. the cars are very noisy.
C. the cars can also cause many deaths and other road accidents.
D. the car can accelerate the transport.
E. the cars today are our roads biggest killers.

35. What the title text above?

A. Cars should be banned in the city
B. Cars cause pollution.
C. Car giant killer street.
D. Car facilitate transportation.
E. Cars cause noise of the city.

The text is for question number 36 to 37

Napoleon is a favorite fish for divers in many regions of the world. The fish can instantly be
recognized by its size, color and shape. It is one of the largest reef fish in the world. They can grow up to
230 cm and weigh 190 kg. They have fleshy lips and a hump over the head that is similar to a napoleon
hat. The Hump becomes more prominent with age.
Colors vary with age and sex. Males range from a bright electric blue to green or purplish blue.
Mature males develop a black stripe along the sides, blue spots on their body scales, and blue scribbles
on the head. Juveniles can be identified by their pale greenish color and two black lines running behind
the eye. Females, both old and young, are red-orange on the upper parts of their bodies and red-orange
to white yellow.
Napoleon fish are carnivorous and eat during the day. They can be seen feasting on shellfish,
other fish, sea stars, sea urchins and crabs, crushing the shells to get the animal within. They also crush
large chunks of dead coral rubble with peg-like teeth to feed on the burrowing mussels and worms.
Pairs spawn together as part of a larger mating group that may consist of over 100 individuals. The
plank-tonic eggs are released into the water, and once the larvae have hatched they will settle out on the
substrate. Adult females are able to change sex but the triggers for this development are not yet known.
The Napoleon is mainly found on coral reef edges and drop-offs. They move into shallow bays during
the day to feed, and tend to move into deeper waters as they grow older and large. Adults, therefore, are
more common offshore than inshore.

36. What is the text about?

A. The description of Napoleon fish
B. The physical characteristics of carnivorous fish
C. The divers’ favorite animals
 D. Napoleon’s family
E. The development of Napoleon fish

37. Where do Napoleon fish move during the day to feed?

A. Offshore
B. Onshore
C. Deeper water
D. Shallow bays
E. Coral reef edges

38. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the text?

A. Napoleon fish tend to move into shallow waters as they grow older and large
B. Napoleon fish move into deep bays during the day to feed
C. Adult females are not able to change sex
D. Napoleon fish are not carnivorous
E. The male has more attractive colors than the females

The text is for question number 39 to 40

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon, without making
physical contact with the object. In modern usage, the term generally refers to the use of aerial sensor
technology to detect and classify objects on Earth (both on the surface, and in the atmosphere and
ocean) by means of propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation emitted from aircraft or
satellites).
There are two main types or remote sensing: passive remote sensing and active remote sensing.
Passive sensors detect natural radiation that is emitted or reflected by the objects or surrounding area
being observed. Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation measured by passive
censors. Examples of passive remote sensors include film photography, infra-red, charge-coupled
devices, and radiometers. Active collection, on the other hand, emits energy in order to scan objects and
areas whereupon a sensor then detects and measures the radiation that is reflected or back scattered
from the target. RADAR and LIDAR are examples of active remote sensing where the time delay between
emission and return is measured, stabilizing the location, height, speed and direction of an object.

39. From the text we know that remote sensing…

A. is a way to obtain information about an object or phenomenon
B. does not difficult to do
C. makes physical contact with the object
D. does not make use of censors
E. does not make use propagated signals

40. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A. Active sensing is better than passive sensing
B. The energy in sunlight is important for remote sensing

C. Passive sensing is not as strong as active sensing

D. The source of energy radiated for sensing determines whether it is the active or passive type

E. Active remote sensing and passive remote sensing are equally useful for the development of k
nowledge and technology

41. Based on the text we can say that…

A. Remote sensing is expensive technology
B. Remote sensing is useful for transportation
 C. We can apply the technology to study animals

D. Medical science can be improved through remote sensing

E. Remote sensing make it possible to collect information of an object in a dangerous area

The text is for question number 42 to 44

Jasmine is a native flower to some tropical areas in South Asia, Africa and Australia. In India, so
me varieties of Jasmine are used for religious purposes.
The flower can grow up to 3 meters high and 2 meters wide. It releases its fragrance mostly after the su
n sets especially nearing the full moon. Therefore, it is often associated with soothing night- time moods.
The planting of Jasmine is started by putting some cuttings in 3 inch posts within 4 weeks. After
the roots grow, they are put into 6 inch pots. The soil in the pots should be kept moist but possible for th
e water to go through it for optimum growth.
There are some important advantages of Jasmine. In medication, this flower is often used for soo
thing headaches, stimulating brain, and restoring balance. Its extract is also widely used in the making of
perfume.

42. When does Jasmine release the most fragrance?

A. In the morning
B. In the evening
C. In the afternoon
D. At dawn
E. All day long

43. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Jasmine is grown worldwide
B. Jasmine has various benefits
C. Jasmine can cause headache
D. There are some varieties of jasmine
E. Jasmine is the most fragrant flower

44. … it is often associated with …”, The word “associated” in is closest in meaning to ….
A. attached
B. connected
C. compared
D. propagated
E. correlate

The text is for question number 45 to 47

Ant-eaters are perhaps the most curious looking animals.

Their long head and snout look like tubes, and they have no teeth at all. Their front legs are very strong
and armed with heavy curved claws with which they break open the nets of ants and termites and then,
when the insects rush out, use their long, sticky tongues to lick them up at great speed.
True ant-eaters are found in the swamps and forests of central and South America. Scaly ant-eat
ers, or pangolins, are found in Africa and tropical Asia.
Various other insect-eating animals are sometimes called ant-eaters, although they really belong to othe
r groups of animals. One of them is the ant-bear, which lives on the plains of South and Central Africa. Th
is has long, erect ears but short blunt claws, an almost hairless tail, yellow brown in color. Unlike the tru
e ant-eaters, it has small teeth.

45. The text tells us ….

A. the story of ant-eaters
B. the report of ant-eaters
C. the discussion of ant-eaters
D. the description of ant-eaters
E. the explanation of ant-eater’s body

46. What is the ant-bear?

A. The animal has long, erect ears and small teeth
B. The animal looks like a pangolin.
C. The animal has no sticky tongue
D. The animal does not like to eat ants.
E. The animal belongs to ants’ group.

47. From the passage above, we can conclude that….

A. all ants are friends of other insects
B. ants live in the disgusted places
C. ants are classified as predators
D. ants belong to the insect group
E. ants usually eat death animals

The text is for question number 48 to 50

Every single rock on the surface of the Earth-whether it is gravestone, a piece of solidified lava fr
om a volcano or a boulder that has broken from a cliff or mountain-is slowly being broken down. This br
eaking down of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface is called weathering. The word is used because the w
eather is mainly responsible. Weathering turns solid rock into soft materials that may eventually form s
oil.
Air and water are the cause of most weathering. Sometimes they change the chemical in the rock
s, and sometimes they just break apart the rock physically. If water seeps into the cracks in the rocks, for
example, it may later freeze if the temperature falls below 0 degrees Celsius. As the water turns to ice, it
expands, pushing against the sides of the rock with a pressure believe to be as much as 2,100 kilograms
per square centimetre. This forces the cracks open. Repeated freezing and thawing causes the fragments
to break away from the original rock, these may slide down a cliff or mountain and form a sloping mass
of fragments at the bottom, called scree.

48. According to the text,….

A. there are two kinds of rock, gravestone and a boulder
B. soft materials will turn to solidified lava through weathering
C. chemical in the rocks causes weathering in every single rock-
D. a cliff or mountain may slide down because of the water in the rocks
E. cracks in the rocks will turn water into ice at the temperature below 0 degrees Celsius.

49. The first paragraph is about….

A. the materials of weathering
B. the process of weathering
C. the impact of weathering
 D. the definition of weathering
E. the result of weathering

50. We know from the text that….

A. very solid rock is impossible to break down
B. solid rock can turns into soil because of air and water
C. soft materials harder to eventually become rock
D. the weather can turn lava into gravestone
E. air and water are the main elements of the weather