Measurements of Surface Strain:

& Strain Gauge

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 What is a Strain Gauge ?
• Strain Gauge is a device used to measure deformation
(strain) of an object.
• Strain gauges have been developed for the accurate
measurement of strain
• Fundamentally, all strain gauges are designed to convert
mechanical motion into an electronic signal.

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 Schematic View Of Strain Gauge
Insulated backing

Solder Tags - for

attachment of
wires.
Y
Gauge, wire / foil approx. 0.025 mm thick
X

• The gauge shown here is primarily sensitive to strain in the

X direction, as the majority of the wire length is parallel to
the X axis. 3
 Strain Gauge

• The name "bonded gauge" is given to strain gauges that are

glued to a larger structure under stress (called the test
specimen).
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 Gage Length
• Gage length is an important
consideration in strain gage
selection
• The gage length is the dimension
of the active grid as measured
inside the grid end loops.
• The gage length (GGG ) ranges
from 0.008 in (0.2 mm) to 4 in
(100 mm).

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 Grid Pattern

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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 Grid Pattern

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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 Strain Rosette
• Strain gauge Rosette consist of two or more
collocated strain gauge oriented at a fixed angel
with respect to each other to determine all surface
strains.
• With a 45o rosette, x and y are measured
directly. xy is obtained indirectly with,
 xy = 2 OB − ( x +  y )

• Normal and shearing strains may be

obtained from normal strains in any three
directions,

𝜀1 = 𝜀𝑥 cos2 𝜃1 + 𝜀𝑦 sin2 𝜃1 + 𝛾𝑥𝑦 sin 𝜃1 cos 𝜃1

𝜀2 = 𝜀𝑥 cos2 𝜃2 + 𝜀𝑦 sin2 𝜃2 + 𝛾𝑥𝑦 sin 𝜃2 cos 𝜃2
𝜀3 = 𝜀𝑥 cos2 𝜃3 + 𝜀𝑦 sin2 𝜃3 + 𝛾𝑥𝑦 sin 𝜃3 cos 𝜃3

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 Graphical Method

5. The cutting points are B & C, 6 Draw perpendicular

bisector to obtaine centre O
7, Draw a circle passes through A, B , C
8. Drar horizontal line through O. It is the actual -axis
9. The circle cuts the the -axis at D&E
10. O’D = 1 and O’E= 2 10
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 Prob 2

Find the principal strains and orientation. Theoretically and

graphically

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Thank you

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