INTRODUCTION:

The objective of the building management system (BMS) is

an overarching control system that is responsible for the
automatic regulation and control of non-GMP facility
subsystems, maintaining predefined parameters (or set
points) and the control of their functionality.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
A building management statement is a set of rules that
regulate the management and operation of buildings which
are subdivided into separate segments but are contained
within a single building envelope.
A building management statement confers rights and
imposes obligations on an owner within the building and
contains provisions about a wide range of issues including
meetings, financial management and the maintenance of
shared areas and facilities within the building.
CONTEXT TEXT DFD:

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 0
STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR ACTIVITIES:
1. Building Owners and Managers: These are the primary
stakeholders in a building management system (BMS) as
they are responsible for the overall operation and
maintenance of the building. They invest in BMS to
improve energy efficiency, reduce operating costs, and
enhance the comfort and safety of tenants.

2. Tenants: Tenants are the end-users of the building and

benefit from a BMS in several ways. It provides them with
a comfortable and healthy indoor environment, reduces
energy bills, and allows them to control their own spaces
through smart devices.

3. Facility Managers: Facility managers are responsible for

the day-to-day operation and maintenance of the
building's systems, including the BMS. They ensure that the
BMS is functioning optimally, troubleshoot issues, and
perform regular maintenance and upgrades.

4. Building Automation Engineers: These professionals

design, install, and maintain the BMS. They have expertise
in building automation systems, HVAC systems, lighting
control systems, and other related technologies.
5. IT Professionals: BMS often integrates with IT systems,
such as building security, access control, and
communication networks. IT professionals ensure that the
BMS is compatible with the building's IT infrastructure and
that data is securely transmitted and stored.

6. Equipment Manufacturers: BMS often involves various

equipment, such as HVAC systems, lighting systems, and
security systems. Equipment manufacturers provide the
necessary hardware and software components for the
BMS.

7. Regulatory Bodies: Regulatory bodies, such as building

codes and standards organizations, set the guidelines for
building safety, energy efficiency, and environmental
sustainability. BMS must adhere to these guidelines to
ensure compliance and avoid penalties.

8. Consultants and Advisors: Consultants and advisors

provide expertise in areas such as energy efficiency,
sustainability, and building automation. They help building
owners and managers make informed decisions regarding
BMS implementation and optimization.

FUNCTIONALITY REQUIREMENTS:
1. Energy Management: The BMS should be able to
monitor and optimize energy consumption in the building,
including HVAC systems, lighting, and plug loads. It should
provide real-time and historical energy usage data, as well
as alerts for excessive energy consumption.

2. Comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): The BMS should

be able to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures,
humidity, and air quality for the occupants. It should provide
occupancy sensors, CO2 sensors, and other sensors to
monitor indoor conditions and adjust HVAC systems
accordingly.

3. Security and Access Control: The BMS should be able to

integrate with building security systems, such as access
control, CCTV, and intrusion detection. It should provide
alerts for security breaches and allow remote access for
authorized personnel.

4. Maintenance and Fault Detection: The BMS should be

able to detect and diagnose faults in the building's systems,
such as HVAC systems, lighting, and security systems. It
should provide alerts for faults and allow remote
troubleshooting and maintenance.
5. Data Analytics and Reporting: The BMS should be able
to collect and analyze data from various sources, such as
energy meters, sensors, and equipment logs. It should
provide detailed reports on energy usage, occupancy
patterns, and equipment performance, as well as insights
for optimization and cost savings.

6. Scalability and Flexibility: The BMS should be able to

accommodate the growth and evolution of the building,
including new systems and technologies. It should provide
flexible and scalable architecture, as well as open protocols
for integration with third-party systems.

7. User Interface and Experience: The BMS should provide

a user-friendly interface for building owners, managers, and
tenants, with intuitive controls and visualizations. It should
allow remote access and control through various devices,
such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

8. Cybersecurity and Data Protection: The BMS should

provide robust cybersecurity measures, such as encryption,
access control, and firewalls, to protect sensitive data and
prevent cyber threats. It should also provide data backup
and recovery mechanisms to ensure data integrity and
availability.

9. Compliance and Regulatory Standards: The BMS should

adhere to the relevant regulatory standards, such as
building codes, energy efficiency standards, and
environmental sustainability standards. It should provide
compliance reports and certifications to demonstrate
adherence to these standards.

10. Training and Support: The BMS should provide

comprehensive training and support for building owners,
managers, and operators, including user manuals, online
resources, and technical support. It should also provide
regular software updates and maintenance services to
ensure optimal performance and reliability.

NON-FUNCTIONALITY REQUIREMENTS:

1. Reliability: The BMS should be highly reliable and

available, with minimal downtime and quick recovery
from failures. It should provide redundancy and backup
mechanisms to ensure continuity of operations.
2. Scalability: The BMS should be able to accommodate
the growth and expansion of the building, including new
systems and technologies. It should provide flexible and
scalable architecture, as well as open protocols for
integration with third-party systems.

3. Interoperability: The BMS should be able to

communicate and integrate with various building
systems and technologies, such as HVAC systems,
lighting systems, security systems, and IT systems. It
should provide open protocols and standards for
interoperability.
4. Maintainability: The BMS should be easy to maintain
and update, with clear documentation and support. It
should provide remote monitoring and diagnostics, as
well as automatic software updates and patches.

5. Cost-effectiveness: The BMS should provide a

reasonable return on investment (ROI) through energy
savings, reduced operating costs, and improved asset
management. It should provide a clear business case
and payback period.
6. User Experience: The BMS should provide a user-
friendly interface for building owners, managers, and
tenants, with intuitive controls and visualizations. It
should allow remote access and control through various
devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

7. Cybersecurity: The BMS should provide robust

cybersecurity measures, such as encryption, access
control, and firewalls, to protect sensitive data and
prevent cyber threats. It should also provide data
backup and recovery mechanisms to ensure data
integrity and availability.

8. Compliance: The BMS should adhere to the relevant

regulatory standards, such as building codes, energy
efficiency standards, and environmental sustainability
standards. It should provide compliance reports and
certifications to demonstrate adherence to these
standards.

9. Training and Support: The BMS should provide

comprehensive training and support for building
owners, managers, and operators, including user
manuals, online resources, and technical support. It
should also provide regular software updates and
 maintenance services to ensure optimal performance
and reliability.

10. Environmental Sustainability: The BMS should promote

environmental sustainability through energy efficiency,
waste reduction, and resource conservation. It should
provide features such as occupancy sensors, daylight
harvesting, and demand response.

TRACEABILITY BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL AND

STAKEHOLDERS:

1. Identify stakeholders: The first step is to identify all

stakeholders involved in the BMS project, including
building owners, tenants, facility managers,
maintenance personnel, and any other relevant parties.

2. Define functional requirements: Based on the needs of

the stakeholders, define the functional requirements of
the BMS. This could include features such as energy
management, lighting control, HVAC management,
access control, and security monitoring.
3. Map functional requirements to stakeholders: For each
functional requirement, identify the stakeholders who
will benefit from it. This could be a single stakeholder or
a group of stakeholders.

4. Prioritize requirements: Based on the importance of

each requirement to the stakeholders, prioritize them.
This will help ensure that the most critical requirements
are addressed first.

5. Document traceability: Document the traceability

between functional requirements and stakeholders in a
traceability matrix. This will provide a clear and
auditable record of the relationship between
requirements and stakeholders, making it easier to
manage changes and ensure compliance with regulatory
requirements.

6. Validate requirements: Regularly validate the

requirements with the stakeholders to ensure that they
continue to meet their needs. This will help identify any
gaps or issues early in the development process,
allowing for corrective action to be taken before the
BMS is deployed.
METRICS

PEOPLE METRIC:

People metrics in building management systems (BMS) refer

to specific performance indicators that are used to evaluate
the effectiveness and efficiency of building occupants in
terms of their impact on the building's energy consumption,
comfort, and productivity. Some common people metrics
used in BMS include:

1. Occupancy: This metric measures the number of people

occupying a specific space at a given time. Accurate
occupancy data is essential for optimizing energy
consumption and indoor air quality.
2. Behavior: This metric measures the behavior of building
occupants, such as lighting usage, thermostat settings, and
equipment usage. Understanding occupant behavior is
essential for optimizing energy consumption and indoor air
quality.

3. Comfort: This metric measures the level of comfort

experienced by building occupants, such as temperature,
humidity, and air quality. High comfort levels are essential
for improving occupant satisfaction and productivity.

4. Productivity: This metric measures the level of productivity

of building occupants, such as work output and job
satisfaction. High productivity levels are essential for
improving overall building performance.

5. Health and Safety: This metric measures the level of

health and safety of building occupants, such as exposure
to hazardous substances and accidents. High health and
safety levels are essential for protecting building
occupants.
PRODUCT METRIC:

Product metrics in building management systems (BMS)

refer to specific performance indicators that are used to
evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of individual BMS
products, such as sensors, controllers, and actuators. Some
common product metrics used in BMS include:

1. Accuracy: This metric measures the degree to which a

product’s output matches the actual value of the
parameter being measured. High accuracy is essential
for accurate and reliable measurement and control.

2. Response Time: This metric measures the time it takes

for a product to respond to a change in the environment
or input signal. Fast response time is essential for quick
and accurate response to changing conditions.

3. Reliability: This metric measures the probability that a

product will function correctly and without failure over
 a specified period. High reliability is essential for
uninterrupted and reliable operation.

4. Durability: This metric measures the product’s ability to

withstand environmental stresses and wear and tear
over time. High durability is essential for long-lasting
and reliable operation.

5. Ease of Installation: This metric measures the product’s

ease of installation and integration into the BMS. Easy
installation is essential for quick and cost-effective
installation.

6. Ease of Use: This metric measures the product’s ease of

use and intuitive interface. Intuitive interface is essential
for easy and efficient operation by building managers
and maintenance personnel.

7. Cost-effectiveness: This metric measures the product’s

cost-effectiveness in terms of initial purchase price,
maintenance costs, and overall lifetime cost. Cost-
effectiveness is essential for maximizing financial
performance.
PROCESS METRIC:

Process metrics in building management systems (BMS)

refer to specific performance indicators that are used to
evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of building
processes, such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems, lighting systems, and water management
systems. Some common process metrics used in BMS
include:

1. Energy Consumption: This metric measures the amount

of energy consumed by a specific process, such as HVAC
or lighting systems. Low energy consumption is essential
for optimizing energy efficiency and reducing operating
costs.

2. Carbon Footprint: This metric measures the amount of

greenhouse gas emissions generated by a specific
process, such as HVAC or lighting systems. Low carbon
footprint is essential for reducing environmental impact
and meeting sustainability goals.

3. Water Consumption: This metric measures the amount

of water consumed by a specific process, such as water
 management systems. Low water consumption is
essential for optimizing water efficiency and reducing
operating costs.

4. Maintenance Cost: This metric measures the cost of

maintaining a specific process, such as HVAC or lighting
systems. Low maintenance cost is essential for
optimizing maintenance efficiency and reducing
operating costs.

5. Downtime: This metric measures the amount of time a

specific process is unavailable due to breakdowns or
maintenance activities. Low downtime is essential for
optimizing uptime and reducing disruption to building
operations.

6. Response Time: This metric measures the time it takes

for a specific process to respond to a change in the
environment or input signal. Fast response time is
essential for quick and accurate response to changing
conditions.
CODING TECHNIQUES:

1. Modular Design: Break down the building management

system into smaller, independent modules that can be
 developed, tested, and maintained separately. This
approach makes it easier to manage and update the
system as new features or requirements arise.

2. Object-Oriented Programming: Use object-oriented

programming principles to create classes and objects
that represent various components of the building, such
as HVAC systems, lighting,
and security. This approach promotes reusability,
encapsulation, and inheritance, making it easier to
manage and maintain the system.

3. Database Management: Use a database management

system to store and manage data related to the
building, such as occupancy, energy usage, and
maintenance schedules. This approach makes it easier
to retrieve and analyze data, as well as to integrate the
system with other building systems.

4. Communication Protocols: Use standard

communication protocols, such as BACnet, Modbus, or
LonWorks, to connect and communicate with various
building systems. This approach promotes
interoperability and makes it easier to integrate new
systems into the building management system.
5. User Interface Design: Use a user-centered design
approach to create an intuitive and user-friendly
interface for the building management system. This
approach makes it easier for building managers and
occupants to operate and monitor the system.

6. Security and Access Control: Implement robust security

measures, such as encryption, authentication, and
authorization, to protect the building management
system and data from unauthorized access or
tampering. This approach ensures the confidentiality,
integrity, and availability of the system.

7. Testing and Quality Assurance: Use automated testing

tools and techniques, such as unit testing, integration
testing, and regression testing, to ensure the quality and
reliability of the building management system. This
approach helps to identify and fix bugs and issues early
in the development process, reducing the risk of
downtime and errors.

8. Maintenance and Support: Provide ongoing

maintenance, support, and training to building
managers and occupants to ensure the proper
 operation and use of the building management system.
This approach helps to minimize downtime, reduce
operating costs, and improve overall satisfaction with
the system.

TYPES OF INTEGRATION TESTING IN BMS WITH

JUSTIFICATION:
Integration Testing is a crucial step in the software
development process, especially in building
management systems (BMS). It involves testing the
interactions and communication between different
modules and components of the system to ensure they
function as expected. Here are some types of
integration testing required for BMS:

1. Top-down Integration Testing: This type of integration

testing starts with the highest level of the system and
gradually integrates lower levels. It is useful in BMS as
it allows for testing of the overall system functionality
and ensures that the system meets the requirements.

2. Bottom-up Integration Testing: This type of

integration testing starts with the lowest level of the
 system and gradually integrates higher levels. It is
useful in BMS as it helps to identify and resolve issues
at the component level, which can have a significant
impact on the overall system.

3. Sandwich Testing: This type of integration testing

combines top-down and bottom-up testing to ensure
that the system is fully integrated and functioning
correctly. It is useful in BMS as it provides a more
comprehensive testing approach, which helps to
identify and resolve issues at both the component and
system levels.

4. Regression Testing: This type of integration testing is

performed after making changes to the system to
ensure that the new changes do not negatively impact
the existing functionality. It is useful in BMS as it helps
to maintain the stability and reliability of the system
over time.
5. Acceptance Testing: This type of integration testing is
performed by the end-users to ensure that the system
meets their requirements and expectations. It is
useful in BMS as it helps to ensure that the system is
fit for its intended purpose and meets the needs of
the building occupants.
6. Functional Integration Testing: This type of testing
ensures that the system meets the functional
requirements specified by the user. It involves testing
the interaction between different modules and
components of the system to ensure that they
perform their intended functions.
7. Performance Integration Testing: This type of testing
checks the system’s performance under different load
conditions. It involves testing the system’s response
time, resource utilization, and scalability.

8. Security Integration Testing: This type of testing

ensures that the system is secure and protects
sensitive data. It involves testing the system’s access
control, authentication, and encryption mechanisms.

9. Compatibility Integration Testing: This type of testing

checks the system’s compatibility with other systems
and devices that it will interact with. It involves testing
the system’s interoperability with other building
management systems, HVAC systems, and security
systems.
10. Usability Integration Testing: This type of testing
ensures that the system is user-friendly and easy to
 operate. It involves testing the system’s user interface,
navigation, and feedback mechanisms.

EXAMPLE OF CRITICAL MEDIUM COSMETIC BUGS IN

BMS:
1. Temperature control issues: A medium bug in the
BMS temperature control system can cause
fluctuations in temperature, resulting in discomfort
for occupants, increased energy consumption, and
potential damage to sensitive equipment.

2. Lighting control problems: Medium bugs in the

lighting control system can lead to lights turning on
and off unexpectedly, resulting in energy waste and
discomfort for occupants.
3. HVAC system malfunctions: Medium bugs in the
HVAC system can cause the system to operate
inefficiently, leading to increased energy consumption,
higher operating costs, and potential health hazards
for occupants due to poor indoor air quality.

4. Security system failures: Medium bugs in the security

system can cause false alarms, missed alarms, or
failure to respond to security events, potentially
 compromising the safety and security of the building
and its occupants.
5. Fire safety system malfunctions: Medium bugs in the
fire safety system can cause false alarms, delayed
response times, or failure to respond to fire events,
potentially compromising the safety of the building
and its occupants in the event of a fire.
These medium bugs can have significant impacts on the
functionality and safety of the building, and should be
addressed as soon as possible to minimize the risks and
impacts.

BUGS REPRODUCTION METHODS:

1. Identify the bug: The first step is to identify the bug
by observing the behavior of the system. This can be
done by performing specific actions or inputs that
trigger the error.
2. Document the bug: Once the bug is identified, it
should be documented with detailed steps to reproduce
the issue. This includes the specific input values,
actions, and expected and actual results.
 3. Test the bug: The documented steps should be
followed to reproduce the bug consistently. This helps
to confirm that the bug is reproducible and not a one-
time occurrence.
4. Report the bug: After successful reproduction, the
bug should be reported to the BMS vendor or
development team. The detailed steps and any relevant
screenshots or logs should be provided to help with the
diagnosis and resolution of the issue.
5. Verify the fix: Once the bug is fixed, it should be
tested again to ensure that the issue has been resolved.
This helps to confirm that the fix does not introduce any
new bugs or errors.

FIX DISTRIBUTION STEPS:

1. Preparation:
a. Ensure that the software has been thoroughly tested
and is ready for distribution.
b. Create a distribution package that includes all

necessary files, such as installation scripts,

configuration files, and documentation.
c. Test the distribution package on a clean system to
ensure that it installs and functions correctly.
2. Choosing a Distribution Method:
a. Decide on the method of distribution that best suits
your needs. Some options include:
i. Physical media, such as USB drives or DVDs.
ii. Network installation, where the software is
installed directly from a server. iii. Cloud-based
deployment, where the software is accessed
through a web browser.
3. Creating a Distribution Plan:
a. Determine the target audience for the software and
create a distribution plan that takes into account their
specific needs and requirements.
b. Decide on the frequency of updates and how they will

be delivered to users.
c. Establish a support system for users, including a help

desk and documentation.

 4. Communicating with Users:
a. Notify users of the upcoming release and provide them
with information about the new features and
improvements.
b. Provide clear instructions on how to install and

configure the software.

c. Offer training and support resources to help users get

the most out of the software.

5. Testing the Distribution:
a. Conduct a pilot test with a small group of users to
ensure that the distribution process is working as
expected.
b. Gather feedback from users and make any necessary

adjustments to the distribution plan.

c. Monitor the distribution process closely to ensure that

it is running smoothly and that any issues are

addressed promptly.

6. Ongoing Maintenance:
 a. Continuously monitor the software for any issues or
bugs and provide regular updates to address them.
b. Regularly review the distribution plan and make any
necessary adjustments to improve the process.
c. Provide ongoing support and training to users to
ensure that they are getting the most out of the
software.
7. Documentation:
a. Provide comprehensive documentation that covers all
aspects of the software, including installation,
configuration, and usage.
b. Ensure that the documentation is clear, concise, and

easy to understand.
c. Regularly review and update the documentation to

ensure that it remains accurate and up-to-date.

THANK YOU!!