Chemical kinetics

Chats XI). Chemibtn

i) Cheial Kinetics deals with e Yates o a Chei cal yeatio.
ad also t gatoss a}tectng a Yatas o achoi'al
Yeatiom:
Kate or a cheical veachi om deginad as the daexoabe i
tie Comeemtyabin o Xlatant oy incese im te Caneenta
-tim D} pyodut pey uoit bime.

0t
3) The hang
appyeitle peiod o; tie is alle
averae Yabe
Averane xate z
Chame im the Concetration
Time taken.
+ 4P]
At

The Concentyatim q A
A
Loith imeYeabe o
deeYaases
time.
Averay Yatez -A]-4,-A)
4) The Yate o7 a
seacim at a given oint
allel in Stantanípub seation. Te i
Caletated
a tangent to te Cusve at

ta imtanti miud Yate tanget givs

 = instantanious Xate =-dAJ
A, Slope z de
dt ’ very Bmall inta
iti.
i
dA)’ Vy all e,

eapyes e Xate ot Xeactin ín terms H , , nd

+

0t

Siiazl
Kate = -L slB)
ot

Bt 0t
G) Foy a qebeous Yea chion at
Constamnt tem peYatuye
disactL propos tional to t partial pxes uselonentyati
b
9 Speciu
and hence. Yate Can aso be
enpmessed as Yate q Chanye
nartial prebuye 4 ttie Xeactamt oY the pxoduct
t) Fatoy b
inguancáng tte Yate q a xeachian
) Datuse 9 te Yeatants
)
Tempesature:
Yute a
g
Generally in most o} e Yeachind
xeectim betoas doul toY even xike
tempealwe.

Yeartut
meYeses.
imereases
 moleL .
4NH,3 ()+ S 0,4)’ 4 No (g) +GH,o C)

elibappearast
appearan ce

) kate la: Tue aepoesentaim 4 Yate 4 a xeaction mtermb

o Concetyatim g lta yeactat's i Caled
Yute law. Ie is also Called Yate exesi
oY Yata Qgation .

Yate
K= Xetion Yate Con Stant
Al:Conce mtrati

aye detesmimaA OMly by erperimat.

wot fra the Stioiomatsie egustim.
+ Cl, ’ Ccl t HtL
2

tQesimesctaly determi ned

 CH,Coo zHt,o ’ CH,CooH + CzHOH
Experiment ally daterined
Yabe =k cooc,g) C
tha Yate te xeatin, denes o n t e
ebtex but mot waber
the

A' is Called te o%der

Te orer nuay be deteima tactoy

o,tyachien oY wole nd
3)_Moleculavity: Tae
The mu an bex or
molaeubas) taki art an Yeabimg dnecies (atoms, in
Coloid hy im oydareaet
ayy Xeackion, and
dimulCaled
Yeaction is tanious to
bxinseatin.
g
aLput the eheu
a) Lt s a molecul a
theoYeti cal Conee pt yity o te
a whole. mumbay

wit
eag
 i) The dde topositj on an
mium mityite
Uni mo leeulay Yeaction;
ii) Bioleeulay yeactio
2 HI ’ H, +1,
Ti) T8i molaculay seatin
200to, ’ 2w0,2

it is
Chaees 4 Sim tamions oLisios lhe becaus a.
pastielas

Xata
Canbtt : Tt is %ate g a chemilal
when ta lonlant yation g seacti n
yeactemt aye unity
yate = k DATTay yate eg
Lohen uatio.
=| M
Yate k The vaLue
Umit K do es mot dee

Yate
Con centatin
bime.

cim
 mitxob oxed

’ 2,tO2

polsen

Yate = k C,]
Tue ox dey 4 t
possiGla
mechaniot
) ,o
2) adt , t O
2.w,0 22t

Zexo oY dey
yeactioy:
.

Yate z K, Cay°
dt

On interabion both te Side

-k,(dt

Sl titute tus value

 [R].-Ca]
kz -lope

time ’
on a hot
2wR, I|30k. plati ue ux tale.
yate =k [N H] N)t3Hg)
=k
(onstant)
2) Thetm
3) del
2H1 anpasi ti m H2 on
qplA Sargace
iYdt OYdex
Yeacbi on: teachans.
R’p K: Rea ction sal
covstomt

=k, Ce7'
A, : Beqieug
(ee.

itegbi
 slo pe z -k

-k,t

k,= 23es Lng Ra

e Lope
Fixst osdes
Aecay slope 2-303

3) pelom osit m g o

At tao Pi
ata
At tione t (Pi-x) atn Xatn
Pi = initiad

2?-t
2-303 Pi 2"3o3
PA Pi
2P;-Pe)
 Yate yatinm.
dt

inkayratin
-K.(4t

RI,
-
Stope znk

Halt lie pexiodi The timae talken to

Lompute halt
Tue bie kakon ko ba ptete haly o tie imitial Concentsatia
 2

k, = R, -R 2
k, 2.

l¢ is Clear that
lst oxdex Xcacin

2303

k, = 22-303 2-303 2-3a3

2,

D.b93

irjtial
tencetrabian

seudo 2irbt oAer Reaetim: Some

Xeactimd ad

Caled nulo ixd? ordey Yeations.

1t is a bimmoleculay seactio but

 tem pnesabuse. Eoy most

Caled tempayabuve Coe!}i eint.

Temperat«*e Coe3}iaieut Rate onstaut at Ttioe
Rate Gonbtant at T2
Te num bey b}
- ant daelive Colliins
olecules belome ameg
loe doubte toy ewesy ye im
Ileyejoe the yeacls Yabe Cost t
louble. belomes
Ayxhcnious 9usnbitaive selali n li
bateen seac lin Yate lnstant am
temneyature.
Tuis is Calle
A
Ayshenivub e9uatin
E:Aheníous actos bY frequeny zacto
Aclivabin enes4
K: Gub Conbtant z
g-34 Iomole k
I= Tempeyatuve Dn Kilvin Sale,
akiy logasi th toy the above eg
Ea)rt

2303 R, Ea
2-303

Ea Cam be
detesmimed by meabusiny
temnesatures
Let h, d K, ave tie Yube
-lin at buo lonbtants ty a tead
Yespeci valy reyct benavat uveb T, an 7,

2-303RT,
Ea

Ea
2303RT
E

Ea
2-303 RT 2-303 RT
2-303R -
 Ea |3

2-303R T, T
yolblam: The
activatin
teCaleulabe
mpevaturetheChages som 243k tobo 313k.
Yeastin absuming that
Loith temneatuse. it does Not

ALTIVATION ENER Gy
poten
tial
tnas%4

KACei vabe dlo play

Ea En = A
Ea
ckvatim amas y
feactin Co-osdmates

onexay oich ust be Suppiel to te

activation lnesgy Ea)

VwsTheesuoltodtel enexg
to un Seuised
deyo hemical
Ce ostue Yenctant oeculeb
Heeiuated Comples : À am in tesmediate imsta
0duct, olie Jelomses to toyn Products.
To
H
H-I
1

Ackvakel
Gmplex.
Yeyuised ox tue Yeactaat moleudes
to
toym Acbivute d Conlex is
also Call
Acbivakin enesA4
Foy
en o thermie
Ydaclia tue pYoducts ave

Emasgy
Actiyatat Comple

Reaeiom lo-oyinale
CATALy ST : CataLybt iüa dub
Yate a Chenical
9
btance oich alless the
Yeacbn, oitl Dut
lonbuminy ftdel
Catalyt neYeabes the Yate a a
teactin
bian by deeseasing
 which has

Aceivated Conploy
abbene yeatayst
4

: A
tivatiem eresay the
R
Enerh pyebence
YeaLtim Cooydnates

(oLLÍSIDN THEDRY OF CHEMICAL REALTÍONS

Tab theosy wab
Laisib. It ib develored by
MaxTYoutz and
bubel on Hhe wilam
The main
Doinib D
kinelie theoy o3
A
Chemi cal
tis tueoy
Yeaction OccuI due bo the
Collibions betcon
2) Au te
Col'bins lo
do
natlea bt
Colibjn& wácth the
w Chenilal YeactiM
Dcivaiom esy, Can leae tteYeactont moleules Dosses
Cheilal easn.
Henea thes eiins
Calla 2ecie lolisio
 he mumes Colibin
Secn, ex Wnit
is lallas lolihen xeguercy
) e 2)
Dxopex osíeulalon 4 eaLeant
also im po ast oleules i

is A Calle
Co). Dsobabilty gatoy oy Stexie a

Xate AB

AR Colisin