PROF DR NAVEED ALI SIDDIQUI

MBBS,MPhil,PhD
HEAD, BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

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Occurrence:

 Widely distributed in nature, both in plants and

animals.
1. Cellulose is abundantly found carbohydrate in
woody structure of plant.
2. Starches are abundantly found in tubers, grains
and roots where they serve as food for plants and
are utilized by living beings.

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3. Sucrose
or cane sugar is present in nectar of flowers, fruits
and plant juices.
4. Pentosans
are composed of pentoses & are found in plants,
seed husks and other fibrous structure.
5. Glycosides
are found in some plants and some of these are used
as important drugs.

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Biochemical significance of
carbohydrates

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1. Energy source:
The chief function of carbohydrates is to provide
energy, upon oxidation CO2 and H2O is produced
and energy is utilized by living beings.

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2. Synthetic function:
 Degradation products of carbohydrates can be
used as starting material for the synthesis of
various compounds, such as:
 Glucose

is a vitamin ‘C’ precursor in animals.

 Ribose

is a constituent of RNA and certain coenzymes such

as FAD, NAD and coenzyme ‘A’
 Deoxyribose
is a constituent of DNA.

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3.Structural function:

 Cellulose
is a part of the wood structure and plant fibers.

 Chitin
is present in shells of crustaceans and exoskeletons
of insects.

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These are known as simple sugars and are the
building blocks of:
1.Disaccharide

2.Oligosaccharides

3. Polysaccharides

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a.Glucose:
 RBCs and brain cells depend primarily on glucose
as their energy source.
 glucose is stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
in animals.
 It is stored as starch in plants.

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b. Galactose:
 Constituent of milk sugars.

c. Fructose:
 It is sweet and commonly called fruit sugar .

 Fructose is formed from glucose.

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