AS1428 - Design For Access and Mobility (2021)

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AS 1428.1:2021 é‘ifififi‘fimn" STANDARDéE
Australia "
Design for access and mobility

Part 1: General requirements for access -— New building work
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AS 1428.1:2021
This Australian Standard® was prepared by ME-064, Access for People with Disabilities.It '
was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 4 June 2021.
This Standard was published on 18 June 2021.
The following are represented on Committee ME—064:

Association of Consultants i n Access Australia
Australian Association of Occupational Therapists
Australian Building Codes Board
Australian Industry Group
Australian Institute of Architects
Australian Institute of Building Surveyors
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Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
Austroads
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Blind Citizens Australia
Deafness Forum of Australia
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Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources
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Engineers Australia
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Housing Industry Association
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Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of Australia
Master Builders Australia
Physical Disability Australia
Property Council o f Australia
The Blind Foundation
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Vision 2020 Australia
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR AS 1428.1:2020.
Keeping Standards up-to-date

Ensure you have the latest versions o f our publications and keep up-to-date about
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ISBN 978 1 75113 404 3

AS 1428.1:2021
Design for access

and mobility
Part 1: General requirements for access — New
building work
Originated as A3 CA52.1—1968.
Previous edition AS 1428.1-—2009.
Sixth edition 2021.
© Standards Australia Limited 2021

All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied In any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the
written permission of the publisher, unless otherwise permitted under the Copyright
Act 1968 ((2th).
AS 1428.1:2021 ii
Preface
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee ME-064, Access for People with
Disabilities, to supersede AS 1428.1:2009.
This document is part of a series that comprises the following:
AS 1428.1, Design for access and mobility, Part 1: General requirementsfor access w New building work
(this Standard]
AS 1428.2, Design for access and mobility, Part 2: Enhanced and additional requirements —— Buiidings
andfacilities
In:
v
AS/NZS 1428.41, Design for access and mobility, Part 4.1: Means to assist the orientation of people with
um.
vision impairment - Tactileground surface indicators
AS 1428.4.2, Design for access and mobility, Part 4.1: Means to assist the orientation of people with vision
imam
impairment ~— Wayfinding signs
AS1428.5,Designforaccess and mobility, Part5: Communicationforpeople who are deafor hearing impaired
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The objective of this document is to provide building designers and users (architects, property owners
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and regulators) with the minimum design requirements for new building work to enable access for
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people with disabilities.
Because of the variety of situations which may need to be addressed when designing buildings and
facilities, it is seen as necessary for this document to provide a range of data s o that the requirements
for access can be met and allow for flexibility in design where limitations are imposed by other building
M
conditions. The intention is to make this document a practical reference document for designers,
particularly with regard to problem areas such as doorways and sanitary facilities.
The National Construction Code (NCC) and Disability (Access to Premises — Buildings) Standards define
where access for people with a disability is required and reference a number of Australian Standards
(including this document] to provide technical solutions to meet deemed-to-satisfy provisions.
The terms “normative” and “informative” are used in Standards to define the application of the
appendices to which they apply. A "normative" appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an
"informative"appendix is only for information and guidance.
The u s e of Notes in this document are of an advisory nature only to give explanation o r guidance to
the user on recommended design considerations or technical procedures, or to provide an informatiVe
cross-reference to other documents or publications. Notes do not form a mandatory part for
conformance to this document.
o Standards Australia [limited 2021

iii AS 1428.1:2021
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Section 1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Application
1.3 Normative references
1.4 Terms and definitions
Section 2 Dimensions
Section 3 Continuous accessible paths of travel
3.1 General
3.2 Heights of a continuous accessible path of travel
3.3 Width of a continuous accessible path of travel
3.4 Passing space for Wheelchairs
3.5 Circulation space for wheelchair turn
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 60° to 90° turn
3.5.3 3 0 ° to <' 6 0 ° turn
3.5.4 Greater than 9 0 ° to 180° turn
3.6 Visual indicators on glazing 11
3.7 Glazed viewing panels 11
Section 4 Floor or ground surfaces o n continuous accessible paths of travel and
circulation spaces - 12
4.1 General 12
4.2 Construction tolerances at abutment of surfaces 12
4.3 Floor coverings 14
4.3.1 Carpets and other soft flexible materials 14
4.4 Grates 15
4.5 Timber decking and boardwalks 16
Section 5 Signage 17
5.1 Form of signs 17
5.2 Symbols indicating access for people with disabilities 20
5.2.1 International symbol of access 20
5.2.2 international symbol for deafness 21
Section 6 Tactile ground surface indicators 23
Section 7 Walkways, ramps and landings 24
7.1 General 24
7.2 Walkways 24
7.3 Ramps 25
7.4 Curved walkways, ramps, and landings 33
7.5 Threshold ramps 33
7.6 Step ramps 35
7.6.1 General 35
7.6.2 Edges to ramps 35
7.6.3 Finishes 38
7.7 Kerb ramps 38
7.7.1 Alignment 38
7.7.2 Profile 39
7.7.3 Finishes 40
7.8 Landings 44
7.8.1 Walkways and ramps 44
7.8.2 Step ramps 44
7.8.3 Kerb ramps 44
AS 1428.1:2021 iv
Section 8 Stairways 47
8.1 Stair construction 47
8.2 Stairway handrails 53
Section 9 Handrails 56
Section 1 0 Doorways, doors and circulation space at doorways 59
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10.1 Doorway identification 59
10.2 Clear opening of doorways 59
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10.3 Circulation spaces at doorways on a continuous accessible path of travel....................... 6 0
10.3.1 General 60
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10.3.2 Swinging doors 61
10.3.3 Sliding doors 65
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10.3.4 Power operated doors 65
10.3.5 Distance between successive doorways in passages in an accessible path
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of travel 66
10.4 D o o r controls 67
10.4.1 General 67
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10.4.2 Design and performance 67
10.4.3 Location 72
10.4.4 Power—operated door controls 72
Section 1 1 Switches and general purpose outlets [power points) 73
11.1 General 73
11.2 Accessible sole-occupancy units and accessible sanitary facilities , 73
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Section 1 2 Sanitary facilities '74
12.1 General 74
12.2 Accessible unisex sanitary facilities 74
12.2.1 Water taps 74
12.2.2 WC pan clearances 74:
12.2.3 Seat '75
12.2.4 Backrest 75
12.2.5 Flushing control 76
12.2.6 Toilet paper dispenser 77
12.2.7 Grabrails 78
12.2.8 Circulation space 79
12.2.9 WC doors 80
12.2.10 Washbasins for unisex accessible sanitary facilities 81
12.3 Washbasins 81
12.3.1 General 81
12.3.2 Accessible sole occupancy units 83
12.4 Fixtures and fittings within a sanitary facility 85
12.4.1 Mirrors 85
12.4.2 Shelves 85
12.4.3 Soap dispensers, towel dispensers and similar fittings .......................................................
85
12.4.4 Clothes-hanging devices 85
12.4.5 Sanitary disposal unit 35
12.4.6 Switches and general purpose outlets 85
12.5 Showers 86
12.5.1 General 86
12.5.2 Floor and waste outlet 86
12.5.3 Shower screens 90
12.5.4 Grabrails 90
12.5.5 Shower head support grabrail 90
12.5.6 Shower head and hose 90
12.5.7 Soap holder 91
12.5.8 Shower taps 91
12.5.9 Folding seat 91
12.5.10 Clothes hanging devices 91
v AS 1428.1:2021
12.5.11 Backflow prevention device and restrictor device 91

12.6 Combined. sanitary facilities 91
Section 13 Sanitary compartment for people with ambulant disabilities........................................................9 5
13.1 General 95
13.2 Grabrails 95
13.3 Doors 95
13.4 Signage 95
13.5 Clothes hanging device 95
Section 14 Grabrails 98
Section 15 Assembly buildings 99
15.1 Wheelchair seating spaces 99
15.2 Surfaces 99
15.3 Spatial requirements 99
AppendixA (informative) Examples of kerhs 105
Appendix B [informative] Measurement of luminance contrast between building elements ..........107
Appendix C (informative) Vision impairment 112
Bibliography 115
AS1428.1:2021 vi
Introduction
This document describes basic minimum technical details for accessible buildings.
The National Construction Code (NCC) and Disability (Access to Premises ~— Buildings) Standards
{Premises Standards) provide information on which classes of buildings are to be made accessible
and prescribes the specific areas within those buildings where access must be provided. The NCC and
Premises Standards refer to this document and other documents as a means of compliance with the
deemed-to-satisfy access provisions of the NCC and Premises Standards.
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1 AS1428.1:2021
Australian Standard®
Design for access and mobility
Part 1: General requirements for access ~— New building work
Section 1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
This document specifies the design requirements for new building work, as required by the National
Construction Code (NCC) and the Disability [Access to Premises — Buildings) Standards (Premises
Standards), to provide access for people with disabilities. Particular attention is given to —
(a) continuous accessible paths of travel and circulation spaces for people who use wheelchairs;
[b] access and facilities for people with ambulatory disabilities; and
[0] access for people with sensory disabilities.
NOTE 1 The NCC and Premises Standards set out requirements for other features of the accessible built
environment not covered in this document, such as lifts, hearing augmentation, tactile ground surface indicators,
signage,glazing, lighting, car parking and toilet numbers, and distribution.
This document does not include requirements for —

(i) wheelchairs that have dimensions exceeding those shown in mm; or
(ii) motorized scooters.
NOTE 2 information on vision impairment is given in Appendixfi.
1.2 Application
This document is referenced by the NCC and the Premises Standards for the provision of access for
people with disabilities. As an NCC and Premises Standards referenced document, it is applicable to
buildings as and when specified in the NCC and Premises Standards.
NOTE 1 Conformance to this document may also he required by other regulatory authorities.
This document provides the technical detail required to achieve the level of access for a deemed-to-
satisfy solution.
The requirements specified in this document are intended to permit general use of buildings and
facilities by people with disabilities acting independently, or where a person’susual method of operation
is with an assistant, in the company of that assistant.
NOTE 2 This document is based on data resulting from empirical testing of persons aged between 18 and 60
years and may not be appropriate when applied to persons outside this age range.
The dimensions stated in this document,relevant to the use of wheelchairs,relate to the 80th percentile
wheelchair size and user [see Eiguml), except at the following locations where the 90th percentile
dimensions are required:
(a) On an accessway, at the location of a turn greater than 60°.
(b) New accessible sanitary facilities.
[c] At doorways, including door width and circulation space.
NOTE 3 The majority of the dimensions relevant to the 90th percentile in this document aligns with the findings
of research undertaken by]. Bails, 1983 (see Bibliography).
«3 Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS 14:28.1:2021 2
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1250 mm
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1 3 0 0 mm
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stationary stationary
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(8.) A80 occupied footprint (b) A90 occupied footprint
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Figure 1 —- Footprint for an occupied wheelchair
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1.3 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document:
NOTE Documents referenced for informative purposes are listed in the Bibliography.
AS 2700, Colour standardsfor generalpurposes

AS 173 5.12, Lifts, escalators andmoving walks, Part 12:Facilitiesfor persons with disabilities
AS/NZS 1428.4.1, Design for access and mobility, Part 4.1: Means to assist the orientation of people with
vision impairment -— Tactile groundsurface indicators
1.4 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1.4.1
accessible
having-features to enable use by people with a disability
1.4.2
active leaf
in a door with two leaves, the leaf that carries the latching or locking mechanism and typically has an
operable handle
1I4l3
angle of approach
angle between the centre—line of one continuous accessible path of travel and the centre-line of an
intersecting continuous accessible path of travel
1.4.4
Braille
system of touch reading for the blind, which employs raised dots that are evenly arranged in
quadrangular letter spaces or cells
(9 Standards Australia Limited 2021

3 , AS 1423.1:2021
1.4.5
circulation space
clear unobstructed area, to enable persons using mobility aids to manoeuvre
1.4.6
continuous accessible path of travel
uninterrupted path of travel to, into or within a building providing access to all accessible facilities
1.4.7
encroachment
the intrusion of a building component, fixture or fitment into a continuous accessible path of travel or
circulation space
1.4.8
grate
cover in a pavement or floor or similar that allows water to enter a drain while accommodating foot and
or wheeled traffic as per the site and usage context
1.4.9
hazard
any area or fixed object in or immediately adjacent to a direction of travel, which may place people at
risk of injury
1.4.10
kerb
side barrier to a trafficable or accessible pedestrian surface
1.4.11
landing
flat or crowned surface with a gradient and crossfall not steeper than 1 in 40, to provide a rest area on
a ramp, stairway or walkway
1.4.12
luminance contrast
the light reflected from one surface or component, compared to the light reflected from another surface
o r component
1.4.13
mixing valve
valve in which separate supplies of heated water and cold water are mixed together, either manually or
automatically, to give a desired temperature from the mixed outlet
Note 1 to entry: The temperature of the mixed water is controlled by the operation of a control handle or handles.
1.4.14
outlet
portion of the tap assembly after the shut-off device where water flows for its intended use
1.4.15
people with ambulant disabilities
people who have a mobility disability but are able to walk
1.4.16
grabrail
rail used to give a steadying or stabilizing assistance to a person engaged in a particular function
1.4.17
handrail
rail used in circulation areas such as corridors, passageways, ramps and stairways to assist in
continuous movement
-.© Standards Australia Limited 2021

as1428.1:2021. 4
1.4.18
ramp
inclined surface on a continuous accessible path of travel between two landings with a gradient steeper
than 1 in 20 but not steeper than 1 in 14
1.4.19
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ramp, kerb
inclined surface on a continuous accessible path of travel with a maximum rise of 190 mm, a length not
greater than 1 520 mm and a gradient not steeper than 1 in 8, located within or attached to a kerb
1.4.20
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ramp, step
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inclined surface on a continuous accessible path of travel with a maximum rise of 190 mm, length not
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greater than 1 900 mm and a gradient not steeper than 1 in 10
1.4.21
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ramp, threshold
inclined surface on a continuous accessible path of travel with a maximum rise of 35 mm, length not
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greater than 280 mm and a gradient not steeper than 1 in 8
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1.4.22
slip-resistant
property of a surface having a frictional force-opposing movement of an object across a surface
1.4.23
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sole occupancy unit
room or other part of a building for occupation by one or joint owner, lessee, tenant, or other occupier to
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the exclusion of any other owner, lessee. tenant or other occupier and includes —
(a) a dwelling;
(b) a room o r suite of r o o m s in a Class 3 building, as defined in the NCC, which includes
sleeping facilities;
[c] a room or suite of associated rooms in a Class 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 building, a s defined in the NCC; or
(d) a room or suite of associated rooms in a Class 9c residential care building, as defined in the
NCC, which includes sleeping facilities and any area for the exclusive use of a resident
1.4.24
tactile ground surface indicator
TGSI
truncated cones and/or bars installed on the ground o r floor surface, designed to provide pedestrians
who are blind or vision-impaired with warning o r directional orientation information
Note 1 to entry: For requirements for TGS], see AS 1428.41.
1.4.25
tactile signs
signage incorporating raised text, and/or symbols and Braille to enable touch reading by people who
are blind or who are vision-impaired
1.4.26
walkway
any surface on a continuous accessible path .of travel with a gradient not steeper than 1 in 20
© S t a n d a r d s Australia Limited 2 0 2 1
5 AS 1428.1:2021
null-1mm: n e w » in n a n - m a n ”-1—! u
Section 2 Dimensions
The dimensions given throughout this document are in millimetres unless shown otherwise. All
dimensions are net and shall not b e reduced by projecting skirtings, kerbs, handrails or other fixtures.
Dimensions refer to finished surfaces [e.g. face of wall tiles and floor finishes).
NOTE Dimensioning to the limit of a range is likely to lead to nonconformities. Good practice in design and
documentation aims to allow building tolerances. Clearance dimensions in this document refer to finished
surfaces, not to those of structural elements.
Unless otherwise indicated, limiting dimensions for an inclined surface on a continuous accessible path
of travel shall be taken as horizontal and vertical only.

AS 1428.1:2021 _6
Section 3 Continuous accessible paths of travel
3.1 General
A continuous accessible path of travel shall not include a step, stairway, turnstile, revolving door,
escalator, moving walk or other impediment.
NOTE When setting out works using the dimensions in this section. make appropriate allowances for
construction tolera nce (see 89.913312).
3.2 Heights of a continuous accessible path of travel

The minimum unobstructed height of a continuous accessible path of travel shall be 2 000 mm or 1 980
mm at doorways [see Eiguncl).
3.3 Width of a continuous accessible path of travel
:-
Unless otherWise specified [such as at doors, curved ramps and similar), the minimum unobstructed-
“win-Ir“
width (see EigumZ) of a continuous accessible path of travel shall be 1 000 mm except in the case
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of a curved ramp or walkway (see flauselfi [d]). The following shall not intrude into the minimum
unobstructed width of a continuous accessible path of travel:
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(a) , Fixtures and fittings such as lights, awnings, windows that, when open, intrude into the
circulation space, telephones, skirtings and similar objects.
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[b] Essential fixtures‘and fittings such as fire hose reels, fire extinguishers and switchboards.
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[c] Door handles less than 900 mm above the finished floor level.
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.. © Standards Australia Limited 2021

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7 AS 1428.1:2021
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Dimensions in millimetres
/////////
SIGNAGE
1 980 min.
i i height at
doorways
Shelf
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—— C i r c u l a t i o n s p a c e ———-———-—-—
1 0 0 0 min. width x 2 0 0 0 min. height
(except at doorways)
Fire h o s e r e e l !
/// ////
fire extinguisher!
services cabinet
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5’15 m a x .
Figure 2 M. Continuous accessible path of travel —— Minimum height and width
3.4 Passing space for wheelchairs

Passing space for 2 persons using wheelchairs shall be a minimum width of 1 800 mm for a minimum
length of 2 000 mm.
See fiecflgnl for gradient and crossfal] requirements. .
NOTE For examples see Fjgunej.
_,.. ,__. ©_._Sta1__1dards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 . 8
All dimensions a r e m i n i m u m
Figure 3 — Examples for passing space for wheelchairs
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3.5 Circulation space for wheelchair turn
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3.5.1 General
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See SfiELiQILZ for gradient and crossfall requirements.
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3.5.2 60° to 90" turn
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A space required for a wheelchair to make a 60° to 90" turn shall be not less than 1 500 mm wide and 1
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5 0 0 mm long in the direction of travel. Where the width of the path of travel is l e s s than 1 5 0 0 mm, the
space may be splayed across the internal corner as shown in EigureA,
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3.5.3 3 0 ° to < 6 0 ° turn
Where the angle of turn i s 30° to less than 6 0 ° and the width of the path o f travel i s less than 1 2 0 0 mm,
a splay of at least 500 mm x 500 mm shall be made on the internal corner, as shown in Eigunefi.
nd
© Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1 s. . i.

9 AS 1428.1:2021
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Corridor loss than 1 500 mm wide Corridor less than 1 500 mm wide
requires widening at turn requires wldenlng a t turn
1500
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Turn 60° in path of travel
Corridor less than 1 500 mm wide
requires widening a t turn
Turn 30° to < 60° In path of travel

less than 1 2 0 0 mm wide
All dimensions a r e minimum
Figure 4 m Space required for a 30° to 90° turn
© Standards Australia Limited 2021__

AS1428.1:2021 10
3.5.4 Greater than 9 0 ° to 180° turn
The space required for a wheelchair to make a greater than 90° to 180° turn shall b e not less than 2 070
mm in the direction of travel and not less than 1 540 mm wide, as shown in figure;
NOTE For landing dimensions, see glaueelfi.
1 540 1 540
2 070 2 070
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1 000 1 000
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All d i m e n s i o n s are minimum
Figure 5 ~— Space required for a greater than 90° to 180° turn
© Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

. 11 AS 1428.1:2021
3.6 Visual indicators on glazing

Where there is no chair rail, handrail or transom, all frameless or fully glazed doors, sidelights,
including any glazing capable of being mistaken for a doorway or opening, shall be clearly marked for
their full width with an unbroken, solid and opaque contrasting line. The contrasting line shall b e not
less than 75 mm high and shall extend across the full width of the glazing panel. The lower edge of
the contrasting line shall be located between 900 mm and 1 000 mm above the plane of the finished
floor level.
Any contrasting line on the glazing shall provide a minimum of 30 % luminance contrast when viewed
against the floor surface or surfaces within 2 m of the glazing on the opposite side. The contrast shall be
achieved when viewed from each side of the glazing.
The opacity of the line shall be tested by observing a solid object placed immediately behind and
touching the glass. The line shall be considered opaque if there is no image of the object visible.
NOTE 1 0 n tinted glass, the contrast of the strip may be more appropriately considered against the glass tint
than the floor beyond.
NOTE 2 Any logo, branding, company name or the like may be added to the visual indicator strip, but these
should be fully above, or fully below the minimum 75 mm wide unbroken, solid and opaque contrasting line.
NOTE 3 AS 1288:2006 Section 5 provides further information relating to the criteria and situations relevant to
glazing that is more vulnerable to human impact.
3.7 Glazed viewing panels

Glazed viewing panels in doors shall conform to AS 1288.
NOTE Glazed viewing panels in doors should be as follows [see Fjgunejlifal]:
[a] The lower edge of the glazing should be not more than 1000 mm above the plane of the finished floor.
[b] The upper edge of the glazing should be not less than 1600 mm above the plane of the finished floor.
[c] In width, the glazing should extend to within not more than 200 mm from the latch edge of the door
and be not less than 1 5 0 m m wide.
::.-. . .1: _.I _©_ Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 12
Section 4 Floor or ground surfaces on continuous accessible paths of travel and

circulation spaces
4.1 General
A continuous accessible path of travel and any circulation spaces shall have a slip-resistant surface. The
texture of the surface shall be traversable by people who use a wheelchair and those with an ambulant
or sensory disability.
:-
NOTE 1 Information relevant to slip resistance can b e found i n AS 4586,AS 4663, HB 197, a n d SA HB 198.
NOTE 2 When setting out works using the dimensions in this section, make appropriate allowances for
construction tolerance (see W ] .
Mm
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4.2 Construction tolerances at abutment o f surfaces
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Abutment of surfaces shall have a smooth transition. Design transition shall be 0 mm. Construction
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tolerances shall be as follows:
(a) 0 :t 3 mm vertical; and
(b) 0 i 5 mm, provided the higher edge is bevelled or rounded to reduce the likelihood of tripping
man
as shown in figured (a).
fi rqen - e . . .
Design allowance for the joints of abutting pavers shall be as shown in Eigumfi (b).
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Design allowance for joints in pavers shall be as shown in EiguneJA. Design allowance for timber
decking and boardwalks shall be as shown in W .
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W “19"”
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(a) C h a n g e in level
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(b) Contlnuous pavlng unlis — flush-iointed with level s u r f a c e s
Figure 6 —-- Acceptable construction tolerances for abutment of.surfaces
© Standards Australia Limited 2021-

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13 AS 1428.1:2021
Dimensions in millimetres and are maximum

1-12 1-12
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% {If} \ é " : 125%
(a) Continuous paving units —- Level surface
Mortar joints shall be flush 142

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(b) Continuous paving units —— Irregular surfaces .
1-12 Profile and mortar Joint variation

shall not e x c e e d ?
\Wflflé
\
(c) Continuous paving units —- Domed surfaces
Figure 7(A) — Raked joint pavers
..,9 fitandaI-jds Australia Limited 2921_: __

mm
AS 1428.1:2021 14
3~6 3-6
(a) Gap spacing for continuous timber and composite decking

" Gaps maybe increased to 10 mm in high rainfall areas ior
exposed installations and boards exceeding 150 mm width
3-6 3-6
F“
I 1-5
' g 7
|
.m-n-u-wm
(b) Single incidence of change In level on timber and composite decking
in
2 max. 2 max. Crowned board Cupped board
.nnenw .
-n-n
ln!'lnfiv
l9-:
(c) Uneven surface tolerances for continuous timber and composite decking
Figure 7(B) — Timber decking and boardwalks
" m“
m
4.3 Floor coverings
4.3.1 Carpets and other soft flexible materials

Where carpets or any soft flexible materials are used on the ground or floor surface —
(a) the pile height or pile thickness shallnot exceed11 mm and the carpet backing thickness shall
not exceed4 mm; and
[b] the carpet pile height or pile thickness dimension, carpet backing thickness dimension and
the combined dimensions shall be a maximum of 11 mm, maximum of 4 mm and a maximum
of 15 mm respectively.
NOTE An example is given in Eignrefl.
Abutting floor coverings shallhave a smooth transition. At the leading edge, carpet trim and mat edges
shall have a vertical face no higher" than 3 mm, or a rounded or bevelled edge no higher than 5 mm or
above that height a gradient of 1:4 up to a maximum of 10 mm.
A range of trims are available, such as curvedmetal covers, cap vinyl covers, smallandlarger threshold
trims, flat metal covers, metal edge trims, smooth edge trims, plank ramp and the like.
This clause also applies to mats, rugs and temporary matting/rugs on other floor finishes.
_ © Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

15 AS 1428.1:2021
Cover strip
10 Carpet pile
C t b king
Flooring 40 Flooring
45
(a) Optional section A
Cover strip
(in) View of optional section A
Transition strip
Carpet plle l
xxxxxxxx
Carpet backing: “ Vlfiflymflm
.1..0_.]r.nm
Flo“o“r“in‘g‘W//;, Asa/A», a, a, [/0 //,,17,. //,. av». ///. //,, 27,, //, //,, a, an». //,. ,4}.
(0) Optional section B
Figure 8 _ - Eitample of abutting floor coverings on a continuous accessiblepart path of travel
4.4 Grates
Grates in paths of travel shallbei n accordance with the following:
(a) Circular openings shall be not greater than 13 mm in diameter.
(b) Slotted openings shallbe not greater than 13 mm wide andnot greater than 150 mmlongand
be oriented so that the long dimension is transverse to the dominant direction of travel.
-[c] Linear openings shall he'oriented so that the longer dimension is transverse to the dominant
direction of travel, except where linear openings are less than 8 mm wide. Where linear
openings are less than 8 mm wide, orientation is optional.
_ (9 Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1 .

AS 1428.1:2021 16
4.5 Timber decking and boardwalks

The gap between boards depends on the type of board used and the location of the installation.
For decking boards no greater than 150mm wide the installation shall be designed for a
maximum 6 m m gap.
Adjacent boards shall be level within a maximum vertical 3 mm tolerance.

For decking boards over 150 mm wide the gap may be increased to a maximum of 10 mm. Where the
gap exceeds 8 mm the boards shall run transverse to the direction of travel.
The fixing method shall maintain the tolerances shown in Eigumfl.
NOTE 1 Decking and boardwalks may be constructed from hardwood timber, softwood timber or manufactured
products. These all react differently in the environment and the choice of materials should take the specific site
into consideration.
NOTE 2 As the materials are subject to environmental conditions, regular maintenance may be required to
ensure the installation requirements are maintained.
Itnu“
In n:
Irwin"!
‘Iafn
Ia'r
Ilflr'lnnnnlfl-il
'M'I'I'nnnfl

1? _ AS 1428.1:2021
Section 5 Signage
5.1 Form of signs

The NCC contains requirements for Braille and tactile signage.
Where signs are required, the form of signs shall be as follows:
{a} Where required by the NCC, raised tactile and/or Braille signage shall be provided as follows:
[i] Sanitary facilities shall be identified with the following:

(A) Raised and visual versions of the international symbol of access.
[B] Raised and visual versions of the male and female symbols.
(C) Raised text that shall be in title case [e.g. Male Toilet].
NOTE 1 Title case has the first letter of each word capitalized and the rest are
lower case. Short articles, propositions and conjunctions are not capitalized.
(D) Braille that fully describes the visual information displayed by symbols
and raised text.
NOTE 2 For example, a sign for a male toilet will include the words "Male Toilet"
as visual, raised text and Braille as well as the raised visual male symbol.
NOTE 3 An example of a sign is given in EigmLELAl.
(ii) Signs for unisex accessible facilities shall be provided with the letters LH or RH to
indicate a left-hand or right—hand side transfer onto the WC pan. The minimum font
size shall be 20 mm san serif.
NOTE 4 An example of right-hand side (RH) transfer is shown in ElgnmflCAl.
NOTE 5 Helvetica and Aria] are san serif fonts.
[iii] Entry doors to airlocks serving areas containing sanitary facilities shall be
identified by the u s e of raised text and Braille, together with raised and visual
symbols identifying each sanitary facility within.
NOTE 6 One symbol for each facility need only be used.
NOTE 7 Where the facilities for male and female are separate, a dividing line should be
placed between each symbol.
(b) Elements of a sign shall be set out singularly, or in a modular form.

NOTE 8 Examples of modular form are shown in EiguLesBLA). 2U); 9,051 and 91E).
(C) Elements of a sign shall be arranged horizontally or vertically and shall include raised text
and Braille, together with raised and visual symbols. Where words are used, they shall be
displayed horizontally.
NOTE 9 Other symbols may be used in association with the text.
'[d] Facilities shall be identified by the use of raised text, Braille, and symbols if required. The
identification shall be between 1 200 mm and 1 600 mm above finished floor levels.
(6] A sanitary compartment for people with ambulant disabilities shall be identified in accordance
with Eigureflffl.
. . . , , I Q ‘ S t a n d a n d s Australia Limited 2021

AS 14:28.1:2021 13
Braille shall be Unified English Braille [UEB), Grade 1, uncontracted, and shall be in accordance with
the technical specifications set out by the Australian Braille Authority (ABA). Braille numerals shall be
preceded by a Braille numerical sign.
The international Symbol of Access and the International Symbol for Deafness (see Blausefij] may be
used without raised explanatory text such a s “accessible” o r “hearing loop installed".
indicator Unisex
ii Toilet RH
III IIIII l IIII. 00" II
II I I II I I 0 I I
03- I II I I O
.0 IO- O
III
IIII
In:
O. IGI
I
F
NOTE 1 The Braille indicator is only used where there are multiple lines of text. i t indicates the location of the
first line of Braille.
nm
NOTE 2 Visual message: The sign displays a unisex accessible toilet with right—hand (RH) transfer.
nna-nu- m u m
NOTE 3 Minimum required raised tactile message: ”Unisex Toilet RH” in raised tactile print and symbols.
.ifl
NOTE 4- Minimum required Braille message: "Unisex accessible toilet rh" for right-hand transfer.
non-n
NOTE 5 The Braille in this figure is not to scale.
nan-m1-
Figure 9(A) —- Modular form of signs — Example of identification sign for a unisex accessible
e-r
toilet with a right-hand (RH) transfer
amwun - r m
Male Toilet Female Toilet
III I I O. I 0 IIIIIIII II I
I OI
III
C .0 IO. 0 O . O O. O. 0 .0
I O O O 0 O. I
NOTE 1 Visual message: The signs display male toilet and female toilet.
NOTE 2 Minimum required raised tactile message: "Male Toilet”, “Female Toilet” in raised tactile print
and symbols.
NOTE 3 Minimum required Braille message: "Male Toilet", "Female Toilet".
Figure 9(3) ..._ Modular form of signs ~— Example of dentification signs for male and
female toilets

mm I n : a
19 AS1428.1:202 1
ma.
m a s s e s - r m e'r “mums-r mes-n in u n n m n n
{F
1‘
Male Ambulant Female Ambulant
Toilet Toilet
| :" a '- ':'= :.5 ' :=:= p ': ':'= :.3 ' :=:=
NOTE 1 Visual message: The signs display ambulant accessible male and female toilets.
NOTE 2 Minimum required raised tactile message: “Male Ambulant Toilet”, “Female Ambulant Toilet" in raised
tactile print and symbols. '
NOTE 3 Minimum required Braille message: "Male Ambulant Toilet”, "Female Ambulant Toilet”.
Figure 9(C] -- Modular form of signs ...... Example of identification signs for ambulant accessible
male and female toilets
O I
Wayfinding w ¥
arrow \ U n i s e x T o i l e t LH.
.00:
.0 :.. . . . : . . .= :0
NOTE 1 Visual message: The sign displays the direction t o a unisex accessible toilet with left-hand (Lil) transfer.
NOTE 2 Minimum required tactile message: "Unisex Toilet LH" with raised tactile wayfinding arrow, print
and symbols.
NOTE 3 Minimum required Braille message: "unisex accessible toilet 1h" with a wayfinding arrow of Braille
cell proportion.
Figure 9(D] .... Modular form of signs w Example of wayfinding sign to a unisex accessible toilet
with left hand [LH] transfer
© Standards AustraliaLimited 202],__ _

AS 1 4 2 8 . 1 : 2 0 2 1 20
t b
Unisex Toilet Level 3
'W {-3 "':-‘"" ‘
.oan
' - n. ea I o Io I o ao 3 or o ano o u
I uu In nI
u u r u o u n u
Direction I A information
1'
Identification
in!“
ml
NOTE 1 Visual message: The sign displays an accessible path of travel using a lift to level 3 to a unisex
nfirm-Inna
accessible toilet.
nvvn
iIn
NOTE 2 Minimum required tactile message: "Unisex Toilet Level 3" with raised tactile symbols and print.
NOTE 3 Minimum required Braille message: “Braille arrow unisex accessible toilet on level 3 use lift” with a
wayfinding arrow of Braille cell proportion.
NOTE 4 The Braille in this figure is not to scale.
uh!
Minna-
Figure 90:!) — Modular form of signs _ Example of wayfinding sign to a unisex accessible toilet
[(“I
"Furn-
Theatre:
Ifld
Direction Information
identification
Figure 9(F) — Modular form of signs Example of wayfinding sign to identifyr facilities for
persons with mobility disabilities
5.2 Symbols indicating access for people with disabilities
5.2.1 International symbol of access

The form of the international symbol of access shall be a s follows:
(a) The symbol of access shall consist of two elements: a stylized figure in a wheelchair pointing
to the right on a plain square background.
(b) The proportional layout of the symbol of access shall be in accordance with Eigurelfl.
(c) . The colour of the Figure shall be white on a blue background in accordance with Eigunell.
The blue shall b e 321, ultramarine, of AS 2700 o r similar.
' . © Standards Australia Limited 2021 . - --;'7::— a .- -=

21 AS1428.1:2021
[d] For signs indicating the direction to a facility, an arrow shall be used in combination with the
international symbol of access.
NOTE Signs identifying a facility may be used either With or without directional arrows.
NOTE The grid is for positional purposes only.
Figure 10 — Proportional layout for international symbol of access
Figure 11 — Colour Contrast for symbol of access
5.2.2 International symbol for deafness
The form of the international symbol for deafness shall b e a s follows:

{a} The symbol for deafness shall consist of two elements: a stylized ear and diagonal slash on a
plain square background.
(b) The proportional layout of the symbol for deafness shall be in accordance with Eignmlz.
[c] The colour of the symbol shall be white on a blue background. The blue shall be 321,
ultramarine, of AS 2700. or similar.
(d) The symbol shall not incorporate the letter "T" or any other symbol or lettering.
5:. ,Q'fitaudards Australia Limited 2021.

AS1428.1:2021 22
In!
I-
NOTE The grid is for positional purposes only.
mm
Figure 1 2 -— Proportional layout for international symbol for deafness
av
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”own-mt
m
NIH-Nunavut!

23 AS 1428.1:2021
Section 6 Tactile ground surface indicators

Tactile ground surface indicators [TGSIs) to warn people of hazards shall be in accordance with
AS/NZS 1428.4.1.
Inn‘s
© Standards Australia Limited 2021.

AS 1428.1:2021 . . 24-
\
Section 7 Walkways, ramps and landings
7.1 General
Walkways, ramps and landings that are provided on a continuous accessible path of travel shall
-nH11
be as follows:
(a) Sharp transitions shall be provided between the planes of landings and ramps, as shown
in Eigurejsl
[b] Landings shall be provided at all changes in direction in accordance with filauselfi.
F
(C) Landing or circulation space shall be provided at every doorway. gate, or similar opening.
Inn-u
(d) The crossfall for a walkway or landing shall be no steeper than 1 in 40, except that bitumen
III
surfaces shall have a camber or crossfall no steeper than 1 in 33.
NOTE 1 For requirements for ground surfaces, see Sectionfi.
NOTE 2 . When setting out works using the dimensions in this section, make appropriate allowances for
construction tolerance [see Maul].
M M--rna n k ?
7.2 Walkways
I nI n
innio-innnv'l-Ii H
Walkways shall be in accordance with the following:
(a) The floor or ground surface abutting the sides of the walkway shall provide a firm and level
0-4
surface of a different material to that of the walkway at the same level of the walkway, follow
the grade of the walkway and extend horizontally for a minimum of 600 mm unless one of the
'l'llll'ld
following is provided:
[1) Kerb in accordance with Eigmzeifi; or
(ii) Kerb rail and handrail in accordance with Eigurefl; or
(iii) A wall, fence, balustrade or similar barrier.
In the case of a street kerb, the minimum width of the walkway shall be increased by 600 mm at that
side as shown in was; and 25ml.
fb) Walkways shall be provided with landings, as specified in Clause.2.8, at intervals not
exceeding the following:
(i) For walkway gradients of 1 in 33, at intervals no greater than 25 m.
(ii) For walkway gradients of 1 in 20, at intervals no greater than 1 5 m.
[iii] For walkway gradients between 1 in 20 to 1 in 33, at intervals that shall be obtained
by linear interpolation.
For walkways shallower than 1 in 33, no landings are required.
The intervals specified above may be increased by 30 % where at least one side of a walkway
is bounded by —
(iv) a kerb or kerb rail as'specified in Clanseljfljl and a handrail as specified in
Clausefl; or
[v] a wall and a handrail as specified in Clausefl.

_ 25 AS1428.1:2021
7.3 Ramps
Ramps shall be i n accordance with the following:
(3) The maximum gradient of a ramp exceeding 1 900 mm in length shall be 1 in 14-.
lb) The gradient of a ramp shall be constant throughout its length with a maximum allowable '
tolerance of 3 % provided no section of the ramp is steeper than 1 in 14.
(C) Ramps shall be provided with landings, as specified in Qanselfl. at the bottom and at the top
of the ramp and at intervals not exceeding the following:
[i] For ramp gradients of 1 in 14, at intervals not greater than 9 m.
(ii) For ramp gradients steeper than 1 in 20, at intervals not greater than 15 m.
(iii) For ramp gradients between 1 in 14.- and steeper than 1 in 20, at intervals that shall
be obtained by linear interpolation.
(d) Where ramps are constructed with a change in direction, the angle of approach shall create a
90° angle to the line of transition between the ramp surface and the landing surface, as shown
in figural;
(e) Ramps shall have a handrail in accordance with Slausefl on each s i d e of the ramp, a s shown
in Eigurel‘k
NOTE 1 W and 15(3) show examples of suitable ramp handrail terminations.
(f) Where the intersection is at the property boundary, the ramp shall be set back by a minimum
- of 900 mm so that the handrail [in accordance with glausefi) and TGSls do not protrude into
the transverse path, a s shown in Elgurilfz.
(g) TGSls shall b e installed in accordance with AS 1428.4.1.
(h) Where the intersection is at a n internal corridor, the ramp shall be set back by a minimum
of 400 mm so that the handrail in accordance with Elausejt does not protrude into the
transverse path of travel as shown in figural].
[i] The handrail shall extend a minimum of 300 mm horizontally past the transition point
at the top and bottom of the ramp except where the inner handrail is continuous at an
intermediate landing.
(l) Where a handrail is not supported on a wall, ramps and intermediate landings shall have
kerbs or kerb rails in accordance with the following:
[i] The minimum height above the finished floor shall be 6 5 mm.
(ii) The height of the top of the kerb or kerb rail shall not be within the range 75 mm to
1 5 0 m m above the finished floor, a s s h o w n i n 331113.18.
(iii) There shall be no longitudinal gap o r slot greater than 20 mm in the kerb or kerb
rail within the range 7 5 m m to 150 mm above the finished floor.
NOTE 2 For details on kerbs and kerb rails, s e e Eigurela.
NOTE 3 For location of kerb or kerb rail, see Fjgurelfi,

NOTE 4 Examples of kerb rail configuration are shown in Appendl.
_. _- g . .© Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS1428.1:2021 26
(k) Kerbs o r kerb rails shall —-—-

(i) be located so that the ramp-side face is either flush with the ramp-side face of the
handrail or no greater than 100 mm away from the ramp-side face of the handrail.
as shown in Ejguzelfl;
i - (ii) where the handrail is supported on a vertical post, the height of the top of the kerb
or kerb rail shall b e not less than 1 5 0 m m above the finished floor, a s shown i n
Emilie—13[a], [b] or (c); and
(iii) where the kerb is at a height of 65 m m to 75 mm, the support posts shall be set
back a m i n i m u m of 2 0 0 m m from the face of the kerb o r kerb rail, as s h o w n i n
Eigumfia (d)-
Dimensions i n millimetres
r
90" Centre-line of ramp ,.. 90°
to he at 90" to 90° '/
landing for 600 min. /
Inun
n
Landing Ramp > Landing / Ramp Landing
w-
6 0 0 min.
nlsnwf ‘whu' lun-n n - h l neu-

straight ramp
(a) Angled a p p r o a c h (In) S t r a i g h t a p p r o a c h (0) C u r v e d a p p r o a c h
ln-
Figure 13 — Angle of approach between ramp and landing
lm'rrrul
M
-© Standards Australia Limited 202 1

27 AS 1428.1;2021
Handrail
1000 min.
Ramp: Ramp:
Walkway: Landing maximum gradient Landing maximum gradient Landing
maximum 1200 min. 1 in 14- 1200 min. 1 in 1 4 1200 mln.
gradient '— ' i
1 in 20 '
(a) Plan view
Traffieable s u r f a c e Extended handrail

t o t o p of handrail —-—-— 3 0 0 min. parallel
to surface below/
Continue kerb and handrails
Extended handrail
across/around landing,
3 0 0 min. parallel where possible
300 min.
to surface below
A ,F\ A
\j.
Q J 2 \J Turn handrail through
9
\. g, a total of 180° or
Turn handrail through 365 to 1000 return fully to end
a t o t a l of 1 8 0 ° o r post or wall face
return fully to end Kerb /"‘\ /\ r
post or wall face 2 J} AVJ
y
Sharp
transitions
' Ramp: Ramp:

Walkway: Landing maximum g r a d i e n t Landing maximum g r a d i e n t Landing
maximum 1200 min. 1 in 14 1200 min. 1 in 14 1200 min.
gradient
1 in 20
(b) Elevation
m-
Figure 14 Ramp handrails
. ,.; __©_ fitandards Australia Limited 2021,; ,.

AS 1428.1:2021 28
Handrail ‘9 Handrail ~-- -- Handrail - Handrail

extension extension extension extenslon
.252.
> i
Kerb Kerb ‘ i Kerb
I
_M i .. I I
LandingaL-Flamp Landing—~l-vFiamp Landing-*w-Flamp Landing-4"Ramp
SIDE ELEVATION
(a) Post mounted handrails
Handrail Handrall Handrail
I'll
extension extension extension
:-
mm
In
nis-mm
Landing~—L—Hamp Lending-L—Flamp Landing—#Hamp
“CI-en
SIDE ELEVATION
u
mum-lane
41-h:
(b) W a l l mounted handrails
rv
Figure 15(A] — Ramp handrails — Examples of handrail terminations
Inqea-rmv'wl
© Standards Australia Limited 2021 ,

29 AS 1428.1:2021
Handrail
terminat lon Handrail
Handra il termina tion
extens ion Handrail

“ — 3 0 0 mln, exten sion
300 min.
_.
o
o
o
3
i
AV
3
‘>
865-1 0 0 0
Ass—3""
“fl“ .m
"' Landing-4"Hafiip "‘Lan-dlng--|-Hamp
(a) Plan vlaw (b) Side elevation
C u r v e h a n d r a i l to wall
Termlnatlon, Hand rall extension
' I
(0) Termination detail
Figure 15(3) — Ramp handrails ~— Detail for handrails terminated by turning horizontally
through 90” t o the wall

AS 1428.1:2021 30
Line of property ,2:

boUnda ry \ 3"; ._ :_
. ‘
ml
1'
I IIII
H
900 mm min.
In!!!“
an
tn
SECTIONAL ELEVATION A-A
IKW‘DI“,
M
0! oll-n
Inna-HI:-
Hal
T”_______ ” _________ ‘7
A A
Plan
Figure 16 — Location of ramp at a boundary to prevent protrusion of handrails and tactile

ground surface indicators (TGSIs) into a transverse path of travel
-© Standards Australia Limited 2021

31 . AS 1428.1:2021
5,1
Line of partition -.--_"-
WM
\/
SECTIONAL ELEVATION A-A
[IIIIII/IIIII/Ifl'II/I/III/Illlllllllllllll
000
000
000
000
Ramp
O
O
000
000
000
0
.‘
‘
PLAN
NOTE Where the transverse walkway is less than 3 m wide the TGSIs may be reduced in accordance
with AS 1428.4.1
Figure 17 — Location of ramp to prevent protrusion of handrails into a transverse bath of travel
other than at boundaries
000
.. .- _@'_S_randards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 32
Kerb or kerb rail
if kerb or kerb rail or \\ Top of kerb or kerb rail or wall

w a l l extends o v e r may be higher than 150
this range then it shall
contain n o g a p o r s l o t
. _..9ie_9!t_fliha" 2 ° //
jFTo'p of kerb or kerb "rail or Wall '
_ may be within this range
75 65 minimum height of kerb

Gaps or SIMS 5 or kerb rail or wail
acceptable //M
in this range Ground level
l/AW/AW/AV/AV/l MKW/AV/AV/AW/l
I
Figure 18 ... Kerb
1 0 0 m a x . ——-———{-
0 Ci Q C} .G "If,"
nay-mama
i i l
In
I I |
I I
I I
I
I
I Support I Support
I / post / post
urn-mm-
n- hc - 1 n
Imnnuu
I / /
l Kerbrail
“e-r
i
|
i
i
|
|
|
WT
I 65 max. : _i min-
150 min. -‘ 150 min. 150 min. “:65
l m l i
\Q
////////////////
////////, 7/////// ‘57////17///////,
a) (b) (0) (d)

rs
NOTE See-AppendixA for further clarification

ma
Figure 19 —— Section showing location o f kerb or kerb rail in relation to handrail with
vertical support

33 ' AS 1428.1:2021
7 .4 Curved walkways, ramps, and landings

Curved ramps are defined as ramps with a maximum inside radius of 5 m. Curved ramps, walkways
and landings shall be in accordance with the following:
(a) The gradient of curved ramps and walkways shall be in accordance with W .
(b) Landings shall be in accordance with CM.
(c) The length of a curved ramp shall be measured horizontally along its centre-line.
(d) Curved ramps and walkways shall have a width of not less than 1 500 mm.
(e) Any crossfall shall be towards the centre of curvature.
(f) Curved walkways and ramps shall begin and terminate with 1 500 mm long straight landings
which shall intersect with each other along the centre~line. Any required change in width
shall be accommodated within the length of the landing.
Ramp Walkway
i
j i
E 4000
E
01‘ ...............
>
n:
D
0 3000 -.
ll.
0
(D II
2 ' =
a
gLu 2000 -----------
E
U)
E
E
:2
E 1 000 \
E
E
1:141:16 1:18 1:26

1:20 1:22 1:24
GRADIENT
Figure 2 0 — Curved ramp and walkway gradients
7.5 Threshold ramps

Threshold ramps at doorways on a continuous path of travel shall have —
(a) a maximum rise of 3 5 mm:
(b) a maximum length of 280 mm;

(c) a maximum gradient of 1:8: and
© Standards Australia Limited 202i , _ _ .

wn
AS14:28.1:2021 34.
(d) be located within 20 mm of the door leaf which it serves, as shown in Fjgnnell.
rm u
(e) sharp transition at top and bottom; and
[f] sharp transition at tapered or splayed edges.
The edges of the threshold ramp shall be tapered or splayed at a minimum of 45° Where the ramp does
not abut a wall. Splay is required when the ramp extends past the wall face.
NOTE For d o o r controls, s e e Clausem
N3:
0
Option..A______...
\s‘? ._______
r?
45°
4
2 8 0 m a x . length
- of t h r e s h o l d ramp
Max. g r a d e 1 : 8
nay-mama
T h r e s h o l d r a m p to
6*"
extend forfull width
In
' of d o o r w a y
__~T-J:\_'.I_'., _._+_‘_,_‘____ _
u ran - i
‘I .- ,
m
T . ,,
A l «stem A
urn-mm-
we
I
man-m.
5°
.“Splay
(5 i s required w h e n t h e r a m p
‘5, e x t e n d s p a s t t h e wall f a c e
5;: Option B
(a) PLAN VIEW (not t o s c a l e )
..
nu
IIJVT
Door leaf Threshold ramp located

within 2 0 of d o o r leaf
Max. g r a d e 1 : 8
2 8 0 m a x . length of t h r e s h o l d r a m p
I
(b) SECTION A~A
Figure 21 — Threshold ramp

— >1 ; "
© Standards Anstralla Limited 2 0 2 1

35 ' AS 1428.1:2021
7.6 Step ramps
7.6.1 General
Step ramps shall have ~—

[a) a maximum rise of 190 mm;
[b] a length not greater than 1 900 mm; and
[c] a gradient not steeper than 1 in 10.
(d) top and bottom aligned at 90° to the path of travel;
(e) sharp transition at top and bottom; and
(f) sharp transition at tapered or splayed edges.
Step ramps shall be a s shown in W and ZZLBJ, a s applicable.
7.6.2 Edges to ramps
The edges of a step ramp shall be tapered or splayed at a minimum of 45° splay where the ramp does
not abut a wall or where there is pedestrian cross-traffic. Otherwise, it shall be protected by a suitable
barrier, as shown in EignreZZLBJ, s u c h as -—
(a) a wall, fence, baiustrade or similar barrier: o r
(b) where an Open balustrade is provided a kerb or kerb rail shall be provided in accordance with
Eignnesla and 12.
: _..-I. ©§J§andard§ Aps-tralia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 36
A
1 5 0 0 min.
‘i 0 0 0 min.
""" i
Direction ofi
travel E
1 5 0 0 min. E
l
n ull
In-
1
H
I-
Upper lending E
Balustrade for
Ina v a n a - v i
edge barrier
nova
H
St face
Upper level / ep
IW'IM'I‘
or!
”la
Lower level E Lower landing E
i i
Ire-“VT-
l l
1500 min. 5 i 1500 min
PLAN VIEW 1 u
l i
___L-_Pl£§§3i99_9[_t£§¥91_-_i____
E 2 000 E
|<— A
M
Appropriate edge
Step ramp: barrier
M a x . vertical rise 1 9 0 mm
Max. horizontal going 1 9 0 0 mm 190 max.
Max. grade 1 in 10
l 1500 I\1900max. 1500

Lower level landing Upper level landing
minimum length 1 5 0 0 minimum length 1 500
SECTION A-A Sharp transition
Step ramp:
Max. vertical rise 190 mm
Max. horizontal going 1 900 mm
Max. grade 1 in 10
lSOMETHlC VIEW
NOTE Where there is me turn involved. top and bottom landing may be reduced to a minimum of 1 200
mm in length.
Figure 22(A] -- Step ramp -- lnserted showing option of balustrade with kerb rail
© Standards Australia Limited 2021.

m "Ar-mum» ma i u-un l fl l
37 AS1428.1:2021
nevn
-n-l-x1-full‘\d e‘r unf‘u‘ln‘r

0 1'
0 W 1!
W *l‘ 9
1r v
0 w
v Landing to provide~~
Step ramp: vb
door circulation space
Max. vertical rise_19_0 , V v w v . g in accordance with
Max. horizontal going 1 9 9 0 , 3 3 “ Figures 31 and 32
Max. grade 1 i n 10 w ' w v . '.
(a) EXTERNAL STEP RAMP .

AT ENTRANCE TO BUILDING
Landing to provide door

circulation space i n
'accordance with
Figures 31 and 32
Step ramp:
Max. vertical rise 190
Max. horizontal going 1 900
Max. grade 1 in 10
Kerb rail
(b) EXTERNAL STEP RAMP

AT ENTRANCE T 0 BUILDING
Figure 22(8) —-— External step ramps at entrance to building
_ © Standards Australia Limited 2_OZ_1_ _

AS 1428.1:2021 - 38
7.6.3 Finishes
Step ramps shall have a slip-resistant surface.
7.7 Kerb ramps
7.7.1 Alignment
Kerb ramps shall be aligned in the direction of travel and aligned with the kerb ramp on the opposite
side of the crossing, a s shown in FiguresZBLA) and 23(3).
I] Pedestrian
crossing
Roadway H
In:
II
I'
P.”—
Kerb
*45“ 1 520
Hun
max.
Pedestrian a
|n
footpath
I::: :::I E 1 500
l min.
“ HKerb
nflrnm
mp 100‘0 min. E
Mun
I
""""""§\\\\\\\\\\
”Mum-Hal
T \\\\\\\\\\\\
'l'l'l'vnll
45°
Pedestrian
\ §\ Property
boundary
crossing §
1520 max. 1500 min.

§t:
\Q >. E
= a: c: \ E .3
Ea: Pedestrian \\ a5
Eo
:4 footpath \ o. .n
\
\
M
A
V
b
NOTE 1 Centre-line of kerb ramps and pedestrian refuges shall align across the road or vehicular driveway
within the building/property allotment.
NOTE 2 Top and bottom of kerb ramps shall be aligned at 90° to path of travel.
NOTE 3 All planes of ramps and wings shall have sharp gradient transitions.
NOTE 4- Fer requirements for tactile ground surface indicators s e e AS 1428.4.1.
NOTE 5 For requirements for pedestrian lightsand push-button assemblies see AS 1742.14.
Figure 23(A] — 90° road intersection

39 AS 1428.1:2021
[I Pedestrian "
u crossing I]
Roadway 45 dbl I
“‘45" l Kerb
gE 1520
o x 9! max.
45 l Pedestrian
1000: l footpath
1500
= = = m': a: K b ‘Hminq
er
ramp 10010 min. i'
min.
Pedestrian 1 520 tli’roperty

crossing max. oundary
1 500 max.
= g . Kerb
Pedestrian
footpath
8‘s
oaosé
Q‘oq
‘00
NOTE1 Centre-line of kerb ramps and pedestrian refuges shall align across the road or vehicular driveway
within the building/preperty allotment.
NOTE 2 Top andbottom of kerb ramps shall have a sharp gradient transition.
NOTE 3 For requirements for tactile ground surface indicators see AS 1428.4.1.
NOTE 4 For requirements for pedestrianlights andpush—button assemblies see AS 1742.14».
NOTE 5 Top and bottom of kerb ramps shallbe aligned at 90° to path of travel.
NOTE 6 Edge of ramps shallhave a sharp transition at the splay to ensure that the width of the path of travel is
not compromisedby curvingthe transition.
Figure 2 3 ( 8 ) — Alignment of kerb ramps - 90° road intersection
7.7.2 Profile
Kerb ramps shallhave ——-

(a) a maximumrise of 190 mm;
(b) a lengthnot greater than 1 520 mm; and
(c) a gradient not steeper than 1 in 8, located within or attached to a kerb.
The profile of ramps shallhave sharp transitions andbe in accordance with the following:
[i] The design and construction ofkerbramps shallbe as shownin W , ZALBJand 254C).
[ii] The sloping sides of a kerb ramp shall be tapered or splayed as indicated in
EigumiZflAl and 21H[3].
_ . to Standards AustraliaLimited2021
AS 1428.1:2021 40
wvvu
[iii] The angle at the base of the kerb ramp shall be a minimum of 166° a s shown in
EiguLesZflAlandZiLBl
7.7.3 Finishes
Kerb ramps shall have a slip-resistant surface.
M1
101'
TIIMr
PM“
all
mn i - 1 m
u EI
Iu‘r\ nP-' 1| 'm
-© Standards Australia Limited 2021

41 AS 1428.1:2021
Included angle between
W a l l or barrier o r e d g e of p a t h Sharp transition at ramp surface and lower
provided 600 mm at same level as change of grade top surface 166° min.
per Clause 7.2 and b o t t o m of ramp
mi Line of k e r b
Footpath
2000 mln.
‘ Top 1 In 8 Lower
\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\i\\\\\\\\ landing kerb ramp landing
Direction of 1 5 0 0 min. 1 5 2 0 max. 1 2 0 0 min.
travel
1 5 0 0 mln. /Landlng 1 5 0 0 mln. SECTION A-A
I| from top of ramp
to any obstruction
. Upper landlnguj
1 520 E2
a. x.
a:
e '2
a, ._
X r-
: Lower /
E-
Elan ' Kerb face

3
I
200 IDirectlon
1 mln. . Kerb face Sloplng Ramp
Vehicular l LQIEEEE'LJ side
way
L—J—‘l 0 0 0 mln.
ELEVATION B
13 A ——>|
PLAN
ISOMETRIC VIEW
NOTE Where there is no turn involved, top landingmaybe reduced to a minimum of 1 200 mm in length.
Figure 24(A) ~— Inserted kerb ramp
.. . esreriaremsmuaLimited 2021.
AS 1428.1:2021 42
Wall or barrier or edge of path
Sharp transition at Included angle between
provided 600 mm at same level as
change of grade top ramp surface and lower
per Clause 7.2
A»: and bottom of ramp surface 166° min.
Line of Step
2 0 0 0 min. Footpath Roadway
\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\¢ ‘ ' ' " " j" - ' - - '4 -' ‘ -
Direction 0f Top 1 In 8 max. Lower
travel landing kerb ramp landing
1000 min' 1500 min. 1520 max. 1200 min.
...__ ___________ J‘ I _________________ '
600 min.
Upper secrrow A-A
.
\ landing ,1
ZKerb
E- face
1520 max. 45o no g -45°

E E
unriflflnn
T'— (D
x
In
Lower
landing
:m-r-mnr
”-1—.
1200 min. Direction
rte-7n
cw
Vehic ular 9:359:91.
Kerb face Sloping Ramp
side
way L...__._|_1000 min.
B
A —>I
PLAN VIEW ELEVATION B
man-m.
nu
«a
*9 ISOMETHIC
NOTE Where there is no turn involved, top landing may be reduced to a minimum of 1 200 mm i n length.
Figure 24(3) — Attached kerb ramp
(0 Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1 :

Iran
43 AS 1428.1:2021
W a l l or b a r r i e r or e d g e of p a t h provided 6 0 0 m m
yd: at same level as per Clause 7.2
\\\\\\\\ \ \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\k\\\\\\
l Kerb ramp Kerb ramp
Footpath ”PP!“ Uppler 1000 min.
landIng 1 in 8 max. 1 In 8 max. landIng
_______________ . . . “ M m . . . “ w w _ " . . , . . . . _ m _ _ _ Lower ________________________uw_“ H “
Kerb f a c e —\ landing at
rP_a_9'_'_9_V_‘3_l__ .
BOO'mIn.
1 2 0 0 min. 1 5 2 0 max. __1500 min. 1 5 2 0 max. r1200 min.
Vehicular way [ Pedestrian ]

B crossing
PLAN
Kerb face Kerb ramp Kerb ramp

Building wail g f E Kerb 190 max
| 1 2 0 0 min. 1 5 2 0 max. 1 5 0 0 min. I 1 5 2 0 max. ‘ 1 2 0 0 m i n i

Upper ' Kerbramp ' Lower ' Kerb ramp ' Upper '
landing landing at landing
road level
ELEVATIONB
190 max.
1 2 0 0 min.
>5
03'5““ 1 200 min. far

(it) V \Q;_-$
.eé“.\c,°
:SOMETRIC VIEW
Figure 24(0) -—- In line kerb ramps ~—- Narrow footpaths
©.Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 44
7.8 Landings
7.8.1 Walkways and ramps

The length of landings at walkways and ramps shall b e in accordance with one of the following:
[a] Where there is no change in direction, the length shall be not less than 1 200 mm, as shown in
EiguLIEZMAl
[b] Where there is a change of direction not exceeding 90°. the landing shall be not less than 1 500
mm long and 1 500 mm wide. The internal corner may be truncated as shown in W.
Where it is truncated the truncation shall not reduce the clear width of the accessways.
[c] For a 180°turn, the landing shall be as shown in W.
.u
r
7.8.2 Step ramps
r-r-
The length of landings at step ramps shall be not less than 1 200 mm in the direction of travel, as shown
in EigInLesZZQAl and 224111.
Where a change in direction is required, the length of step ramp landings shall be a minimum of 1 500
mm, as shown in EigumZZEAl.
“nu-mm
Where doorways are at landings, the dimensions of the landings shall be in accordance with the
requirements of Qauselfli for circulation spaces at doorways shown in Eignm25LD1.
urn-1m
m-
nun
.In
7.8.3 Kerb ramps
The length of landings at kerb ramps shall be not less than 1 200 mm in the direction of travel.
H
Where a "T" junction occurs, the kerb ramp landing shall be a minimum of 1 500 mm x 2 000 mm, a s
shown in EigureZflBJ.
Where a single change in direction is required, the ramp landings shall be a minimum of 1 500
mm x 1 500 mm.
"Hummus-wt

r u n mu r
45 _ AS1428.1:2021
1 0 0 0 min.
__ I-‘WI—I
Handrail exieneion I '"-___ m
. 120° m
300 min. WM
300 :10 m
beiween
ramp a n d
TGSI
-' Flat landin

+ / g
1200 min. -’
ISOMETHIC VIEW
_W_
PLAN VIEW
Figure 25(A) ... Ramps and landings — With no change in direction
1 0 0 0 min.
I-qa-u-«bl
Handrail i _ %
extension 1200 mm. ####
300 min. I i—
300 :10 J
between
ramp and
TGSI
I 500 ll
1 500 min. I
1000
min.
i
ISOMETHIC VIEW
—-J—-5oo soc i10——~|—-w—
1 200
1 500
min. mln.
PLAN VIEW
Figure 25(8) ..,._ Ramps and landings m 9 0 " landing —-- Internal
__ _©__$I_:andards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 4-6
Handrall extension
300 min.
I 1540 mln.| 300 1:10 ,_.. I...

between 1 200
ramp and min.
[SOMETRIC VIEW PLAN VIEW TGSI
Wl‘
III
7'
Figure 25(C] — Ramps and landings — 180° landing
u“WI!
In wm
r a- 1
" dr n
‘M'I'l
H n-1|
Landing
See Figure 31 . See Figure 31

an
(a) Door opens away from (b) Door opens towards
M
a landing. hinge-side approach a landing, latch-side approach
See Figure 31 See Figure 31
7 | I
Landing Ramp Figure 31 See ' '

Figure 31 y I
i l
Rampi I Ramp
(o) Door opens away from (d) Door opens towards

a landing, front approach a landing. either approach
Figure 25(1)] — Doorvirays at landings

47 AS1428.1:2021
Section 8 Stairways
8.1 Stair construction
Where required, stairs shall be constructed as follows:
(a) Where the intersection is a t the property boundary, the stair shall be set back by a minimum
of 900 mm so that the handrail [in accordance with Clausefl) and TGSIs do not protrude into
the transverse path of travel, as shown'1n EigumZflEAl
(b) Where the intersection is not at the property boundary, the stair shall be located so that the
handrail does not protrude into the transverse accessway. See EigureZfiLfi}.
NOTE 1 Examples of stair handrail terminations are given in {figures 213m}and 26111),
(C) Stairs shall have opaque risers.
[d] Stair nosings shall not project beyond the face of the riser and the riser may be vertical o r
have a splay backwards up to a maximum 25 mm, as shown in W and 21m.
[e] Stair nosing profiles shall -—~

(i) have a sharp intersection:
(ii) b e rounded up to 5 mm radius; or
(iii) b e chamfered up to 5 mm x 5 mm.
(f) At the nosing, each tread shall have a single strip [not multistrip) not less than 50 mm and
not more than 75 mm deep across the full width of the path of travel. The single strip shall be
of a continuous colour. The strip may be set back a maximum of 15 mm from the front of the
nosing. The strip shall have a minimum luminance contrast of 30 % to the background [see
W]. Where the luminous contrasting strip is affixed to the surface of the tread, any
change in level shall be"1n accordance with figurefla), .
NOTE 2 See Appendixfi for information on the determination of luminance contrast.
(a) Where the luminance contrasting strip is not set back from the front of the nosing then any
area of luminance contrast shall not extend down the riser more than 10 mm.
(11) TGSls shall b e installed i n accordance with AS 1428.4.1.
© Standards Australia Limited 2021_ _

AS 1428.1:2021 43
One tread
. width
: r» TGSI
I ' /
I . . . .
I I I )
{000000 000000
:000000 000000
IOOOOOO 000000
:000000 - oooooo
IOOOOOO OOOOOO
loooooo 000000
:000000 1000 000000
IOOOOOO min 000000
{000000 ' oooooo
lOOOOOO
OOOOOO
1-H"
In:
9
: ‘ ' J
I
I
"Ma-mun
I
I
:‘\ Line of property boundary
PLAN
I‘I'H
uh.
In
i 300 min.
InIII-Im
low
lI Line of property boundary Turn handrail
/ through a total
man-m.
of 180° or return
One tread fully t o and post
300 min width or wall face
865“) 1000
lad
:TGSI
/(Y — _/
Turn handrail through .2"
1’
a total of 180" or
return fully to and , ,2”
p o s t o r wall f a c e ,
TGSI ,x"
SECTIONAL VIEW
900 min.
Figure 26(A] — Stairway location and handrail extensions at boundary
' ' © Standards Australia Limited 202.1

49 AS 1428.1:2021
l /--———- Llne of wall o r transverse walkway — — \ I
I I
I I
: Onetread :
I Width I
I h I
I I
I !
K I I J
000000 000000
000000 000000
000000 000000
000000 000000
000000 \ 000000
000000 ’ 000000
000000 1000 000000
000000 min. 000000
000000 000000
000000 000000
( I "'3
l i
| I
i‘\ E
: Line of partition wall .
' PLAN
Line of wall or transverse walkway —————-—-———-—I

300 min. I
I I
I I
I
I
I
: One tread I
.
fizflwg; II . II
or 300 mm. Widthfi Handrail
: : terminatlon
: I
I
l 865 to 1000 l
I
V”
I I
I I
: TGSl
gm;—
Handrall
I
l
termination } x’”
I I”
I I”
I z”
I ,”
I 1”
I [1”
TGSI : .
b I
SECTIONAL VIEW
Figure 26(3) -- Stairway location and handrail extensions at end of stairway other than at
line of boundary
' . _- ©3§tayda§§i§Australia Limited 2021

m. .-
AS 1428.1:2021 50
Handrail Handrail Handrail Handrail Handrail

termination termination termination termination termination
. Handrail Handrail Handrail Handrail Handrail
l extension extension extension extension extension
I |I II |I I l I
Landing-*LhStair Landlng—J—r-Stair Landing—4*Stair Landing‘-‘—-Stair Landing-L—Stair
(a) Handrail turned (to) Handrail - ( c ) Handrail (d) Handrail turned (a) Handrail turned
mm - r - m n n nmm
through 1 8 0 ° turned through turned down a n d down through 9 0 ° horizontally through
1 8 0 ° a n d returned back to the floor to the floor 9 0 " to the wall
to end post at the end post
u
Side elevations
new-n
u-m-r
(a) Examples of post mounted handrails
"int
Handrail Handrail Handrail
termination termination termination
Handrail Handrail Handrail
extension extension extension
I II I I l
Landingr‘J'Stair Landing-*l-s-Stalr Landinn-Stalr
m?
(fl Handrail turned (9) Handrail (h) Handrail turned
01-
u
through 180° turned through horizontally through
180° and returned 90" to the wall
to length of
extension
Side elevations
(in) Examples of wall mounted handrails
Figure 26(C) — Stair handrails ~— Examples of handrail terminations

‘n'l'l'l'l'tlll'wl

mu m
51 AS 1423.1:2021
“Handrail —Handrall
termination termination
Handrail Handrail
{extension {extension
- —- 3 0 0 mln. r - 300 mln.
Handrail continued Handrail continued
at pitch for horizontal at pitch for horizontal
distance of one tread distance of one tread
-i —- 8 6 5 to
1 000
(“f-7'...—
- I
Landlng+$talr Landing-fil—“Stair
(a) Plan view (b) Side elevation
Curve handrail to wall

Terminationljiand rail extension
(c) Termination detail
Figure 26(D) --- Example of detail for handrails terminated by turning horizontally through
90° to the wall

AS1428.1:2021 . 52
Strip of one contrasting
colour 50 to 75 wide
1 5 max. setback '
5 radius m a x . - -
2 5 max. splay -—
NOTE A chamfered nosing 5 x 5 mm may be used.
Figure 27(A] — Wpical stair nosing profile with nosing strip
ml
0
lnlaid strip of one contrasting 10 max. exposed face
colour 50 to 75 w i d e of nosing strip
A“
i paving tile or slmllar I
WI'I
Inf w ' l fl n n n
nuI' w ' I I - I fl ' l ' l ' l r ' r n
r1-
lM
25 max. “"—
Figure 27(B] -— Typical stair nosing profile with exposednosing strip

'm'IN'I'IIM

53 AS 1428.1:2021
Where the exposed turndown

is >10 the inlaid strip must
provide 30% minimum
luminance contrast to the
colour of vertical turndown
for visual detection
inlaid coloured strip of 50 to 75

width provides 30% min
luminance contrast to the tread
and exposed turndown is >10
25 max.
Figure 27(C) — Typical stair nosingprofile
8.2 Stairway handrails

Handrails shall be continuous throughout the stair flight and, where practicable, aroundlandings (see
Eignxefi] and have no obstruction on or above up to a height of 600 m m and as follows:
(a) The design and construction ofhandrails shallbe in accordance with 913115512.
(b) Handrails shallbeinstalledonboth sides of the stairs and as showninFigHLESZfiCAland2.603.].
(c) Handrails shallhave no vertical sections and shall follow the angle of the stairway nosings, as
shownin EignreJfl [a].
. main ,..____ . © Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS1428.1:2021 54
(d) Where a handrail terminates at the bottom of a flight of stairs, the handrail shall extend at
least one tread depth parallel to the line of nosings plus minimum of 300 mm horizontally
from the last riser (see Eigurfla (an.
[e] The handrail shall extend a minimum of 300 mm horizontally past the nosing on the top riser.
(f) Where the handrail is continuous, the 3 0 0 mm extension i s not required in the inner handrail
at intermediate landings as shown in EigtZfl (b).
is) The dimensions indicating the heights of handrails shall be taken vertically from the nosing
of the tread to the top of the handrail o r from the landing to the top of the handrail and where
the handrail continues across a landing the height may vary in accordance with Qiausegcel.
I ‘nM
H In win
rIn!
vw
n -' Q Mm n l fl fl l “Mn
Imnvv-vl

55 AS 1 4 2 8 . 1 : 2 0 2 1
a t nnr-mn-r use-urn In
Detail D
Extended handrail
300 min. parallel
to surface below
-n-'r|1'nIII-1ri
«Wk-
O n e tread Detail c
Turn handrail
through a total
of 1 8 0 ° o r r e t u r n
fully to end post
or w a l l f a c e
Detail B O n e tread
width
Detail A
One tread Extended handrail

width 300 min. parallel
to surface below
Turn handrail
through a total
of 180° or return
fulty to and poet
or wall face
3 0 0 min.
O n e tread .
- Detail C
width
Internal handrail Internal handrail

option 1 at mid ) 000 min. when 2 at mid
landings landings
Dela“ '3 ! Detail A
MSOD
Detail D One tread width —- I min.
(b) Plan
Figure 28 -- Handrails t o stairs with intermediate landings
©_ §taudards Australia Limited 2 9 2 1 ¢ __ _.

56
AS1428.1:2021
Section 9 Handrails
The design and construction of handrails shall be in accordance with the following:
NOTE Handrails include any extensions.
[a] Handrails and balustrades shall not encroach into required circulation spaces.
[b] The cross-section of handrails shall be circular or elliptical, not less than 3 0 mm or greater
than 52 mm in height or width for not less than 270° around the uppermost surface as shown
in Eigunejfi [a) and (b). Elliptical handrails shall have the greater dimension in the horizontal
axis a s shown in Figurelfl [b].
[Cl To reduce the likelihood of injury, exposed corners at edges and corners of handrails shall
rm
have a radius of not less than 5 mm.
(d) The top of handrails shall be not less than 8 6 5 mm or more than 1 000 mm above the nosing
In . “
of stairway tread or the plane of the finished floor of the walkway, ramp or landing.
(8} The height of the top of the handrail, measured in accordance with Item [d], shall be consistent
through the ramp [or stairs) and any landings. The height of the handrail may vary across
landings under the following circumstances:
(i) At a stairway handrail extension
(ii) Where a handrail transitions between flights or to a balustrade
n'l'wwwnh
“nun-w
(iii) Construction tolerance of up to 10 mm
nnun
In
(f) If a balustrade is required at a height greater than the handrail, both shall be provided.
Handrails shall be securely fixed and rigid, and their ends shall b e turned through a
M
(g)
total of 180°, or to the ground, or returned fully to end post o r wall face, a s shown in
flgnmsjfilcl and 2.6311.
"9-“q
(h) The clearance between a handrail and a n adjacent wall surface o r other obstruction shall be
not less than 50 mm. This clearance shall extend above the top of the handrail by not less
than 6 0 0 m m .
Handrails shall have no obstruction to the passage of a hand along the rail, a s shown i n
Elgurelfl (a) and (b).
‘0'] The inside handrail at landings shall always be continuous, a s shown in Eigunelfi (b).
.-
®StandardsAustraliaLimitedZO Zl- . .. ' - .-:’-»:.-"9-- .
57 AS1428.1:2021
:
I
i
Obstruction ,r'
W8"
0? / 600 min.
balustrade
5 0 mln. r530 to 5 2
.i
270°
_J min.
I
I
i 2 5 min.
i
,.y i
i” ! “i /
E I i No obstruction near handrail
: ' : above this height except for
865 to 1 000 E E support In the shaded area only
above nosing of l I I
tread or surface level Kuniwux'
///////////////////,
(a) Clrcular

AS 1 4 2 8 . 1 : 2 0 2 1 58
' :
i' a
Obstruction ,r'
Wall or/ 600 min.

balustrade
50 min.
NOTE: The horizontal
/ dimension shall be the
/ larger dimension
30 to 52
I 25 min.
I” l “\ /
l ' l
: I : No obstruction near handrail
865 to 1 0 0 0 l I : above this height except for
above nosing of i E support in the shaded area only
tread or surface level ‘\ 1 l
n_—u
Ir -uu
un-
u
urn-mm
In
urw'wnm
u-'I'n
//////////////////A
'm
cur
Im
(b) Elliptical
an:
Inn
Figure 29 .... Handrails

Inn

59 . AS 1428.1:2021
Section 1 0 Doorways, doors and circulation space at doorways
1 0 . 1 Doorway identification
All doorways shall have a minimum luminance contrast of 30 % provided between:
(a) door leaf and door jamb; or
(b) door leaf and adjacent wall; or
(c) architrave and wall; or
(d) . door leaf and architrave; or
[e] door jamb and adjacent wall.
The minimum width of the area of luminance contrast shall be 50 mm.
NOTE 1 The objective of this clause is to allow the identification of a doorway in a wall by people with low vision.
NOTE 2 See Apnendixfi for information on the determination of luminance contrast.
10.2 Clear opening of doorways

The minimum clear opening of a doorway on a continuous accessible path of travel shall be 850 mm
when measured from the face of the opened door to the doorstop, examples are shown in Eigumjfl.
Where double doors are used, the 850 mm minimum clear opening shall apply to the active leaf. A
maximum door reveal depth of 300 mm to the door face applies in all situations.
NOTE For door controls, see QW-
- ‘©__S_i;andal_tls Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 _ 60
850 min.
Door handle — \ clear opening Face of
door
CT
1 ' , : ’
1 II
-.._... _....._
Ll T300 :max. u
«A; Face of door 60 min. ——l~<— 60 min.

(a) Swing door (b) Cavity sliding door
850 min.
-
clear openlng
850 min.
nu
r7 ,.
Door 0 ear opening Face of
handle \ door l
u nntni l - 1 5 ' n o n - -
300 max. 1
III: _-_ M s : ________ I . . . . .
r. ‘ k + 300 max. ‘
T—
..__........_n_l ____________________tT a
mnav :s — m
.in
60 mln.—h—l-o— #60 min.
' r“P- uI 'sI V ' n - P I H

(0) S u r f a c e - m o u n t e d s l i d i n g d o o r (d) Plvot hinge door
Figure 30 — Examples of clear opening of doorways
10.3 Circulation spaces at doorways on a continuous accessible path of travel
10.3.1 General
Circulation spaces shall be provided at every doorway, gate, or similar entry way, on a continuous
accessible path of travel.
Circulation spaces at doorways shall have a gradient and crossfall not steeper than 1 in 40.
Doorway circulation spaces shall be used in combination to allow access through doorways in both
directions, as shown i n Eigumadl and 32 which detail minimum dimensions.
The dimensions shall also apply in mirror image configurations. Where clear doorway openings
are intermediate to those shown in Eignneafll and 32. then the required circulation spaces shall be
interpolated.
Doorway circulation spaces may overlap other circulation spaces. (SeeFigurisjl and 32 for examples.)
construction tolerance (see Sectionl).
NOTE 2 Refer also to ClauseJQAfi for clearance of door controls from internal corners. This also applies to
sliding door controls when the door is in the open position to allow the door to be closed.

:-
In:
m u an.“
61 AS1428.1:2021
u- u n v fi m
10.3.2 Swinging doors
nova
s n - 1 “ “ c:- I m a m - v
The clear circulation space at doorways with swinging doors is based on the clear opening width of the
doorway (see Eignteil ((1)). The clear circulation space shall be not less than the dimensions specified
in the tables of flgumfil for the appropriate clear opening width.
urn
© Standards Australia Limited 2921" .

AS 1428.1:2021 62
Im-
i
i I . !
:m
.-
L. _.-w.l__.-J
mu
1%! D ! WL i
:1-
”nu-mm
Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension D i m e n s i o n Dimension D i m e n s i o n Dimension
mu In
vn-u
0 L WH WL D L WH WL
850 1 220 560 340 850 1240 240 660
"an".
900 1 185 510 340 900 1210 190 660
mu
950 1 160 460 340 950 1 175 140 860
Hfi- Ivu
1 000 1 140 410 340 1000 1 155 90 660
iI n
(a) Hinge—side approach, (b) Latch-side approach.
door opens away from user door opens away from user
: . !
‘ ‘I‘ i IL
L-_m__L.-J
WH D WL D WL
Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dlmenslon Dimension D i m e n s i o n Dimension

0 L WH WL 0 L WH WL
850 1 240 560 660 850 1450 0 510
900 1 210 510 660 900 1450 0 510
950 1 175 460 660 950 1450 0 510
1 000 1 155 410 660 1 000 1450 0 510
(o) Elther side approach, (d) Front approach.

door opens a w a y from user door opens away from user
Key
0 Clear opening of width of doorway WL = Width — latch side
L Length = Direction of a p p r o a c h
W Width —- hinge side ._..... = Circulation space
a

63 AS 1428.1:2021
WH
. .L D . WL .
i‘ W____:l_w__i____~_ I
l” i - ‘l
I I . :
l L
Dimension D i m e n s i o n Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension

D L WH WL D L WH WL
850 1 670 680 900 850 1670 110 900
900 1 670 610 900 900 1670 110 900
950 1 670 560 900 950 1 670 110 900
1 000 1 670 510 900 1 000 1670 110 900
(e) Hinge-side approach, (f) Latch-side approach,

door opens towards user door opens towards user
i
i—
i
I
Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension D i m e n s i o n Dimension Dimension Dimension

D L WH WL D L WH WL
850 1 670 660 900 850 1 450 110 530
900 1670 ’ 610 900 900 1 450 110 530
950 1 670 560 900 950 1450 110 530
1 000 1 670 510 900 1000 1450 110 530
(9) Either side approach, (h) Front approach,

door opens towards‘user door opens towards user
D Clear opening of width of doorway

L Length
WH Width — hinge side
WL Wldth -—- laich side
I) Direction of approach
it
Circulation space
ll
Figure 3 1 ..._ Circulation spaces at doorways with swinging doors
._. . .- - ©_._§tel}degds Australia Limited 2021

AS1428.1:2021 64
n W“ I W” D WL
Fwd“... I __I H "l _____l

: I F r" l !
.’i'
i l i1 il' l ‘
l | l I I
I E
l
r-u
I Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension
l D L wH WL D L WH WL
nu
850 1 280 660 395 850 1 230 185 660
900 1280 610 395 900 1230 180 660
950 1 280 560 395 950 1 230 180 660
1 000 1280 510 395 1000 1230 180 660
u r w v w m n u - hnn-n
w-
-
(a) S l i d e - s i d e a p p r o a c h (b) L a t c h - s i d e a p p r o a c h
un-nnm
M
urn-um
M
Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dimension Dlmension Dimension Dimension
D L WH WL D L wH WL
850 1280 660 660 . 850 1 450 0 530
900 1280 610 660 900 1 450 0 530
950 1 280 560 660 950 1 450 0 530
1000 1 280 510 660 1 000 1450 0 530
(0) Either side approach (at) Front approach
Key
0 = C l e a r o p e n i n g of width of d o o r w a y
L = Length
WH = Width — h i n g e s i d e
L W i d t h «~— l a t c h s i d e
I} Direction of a p p r o a c h
ll
Circulation s p a c e
Figure 3 2 —— Circulation spaces at doorways with sliding doors
© Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1 . -- -

65 AS 1428.1:2021
m I l n f i n n n n um u
m o r n - n .1nd cw urn-mm- I'm-Tn
10.3.3 Sliding doors
10.3.3.1 General
The clear circulation space at doorways with sliding doors is based on the clear opening width of the
doorway (D). The clear circulation space shall be not less than the dimensions specified in the tables in
Eigtn'efiz for the appropriate clear opening width.
10.3.3.2 Cavity sliding doors

Where a sliding door is within the wall cavity, the circulation space at the doorway shall be not less
than that given in the tables ofEigumLLZ for the appropriate clear opening width (D).
10.3.3.3 Surface-mounted doors
Where a sliding door is surface-mounted, the circulation space adjacent to the door face shall be
increased from that given in the tables of 133141132, by the vaiues given in the table of Eigu1;e_33.
NOTE This provision is only applicable on the side of the wall adjoining the surface mounted door.
When a surface-mounted sliding door is automatic, these increases do not apply.

Surface-mounted —1————— . I
sliding door \ I
1:: ',:'"_'_'_1
- I n c r e a s e from F i g u r e 32 on t h e a c c e s s w a y
Door approach adjoining the surface mounted door
Figures 32(d). 32(a), 32(b), 32(c) Add dimensions tto dimensions L, WL a n d WH
1‘: d o o r t h i c k n e s s t o t h e f a c e of t h e w a l l o n s i d e of t h e d o o r
NOTE See flamm for clear openings of doorways.
Figure 3 3 —- Calculating dimensions of the circulation space opposite the door face where a
sliding door is surface mounted
10.3.4 Power operated doors
For s i d e approach a t power operated doors, circulation space WL or WH is r e q u i r e d at the direction of

approach only. For frontuon approach neither circulation s p a c e WL o r W H 'IS required.
NOTE 1 For location of manual controls for power operated doors, see Meow.
NOTE 2 WL is only required when travel is from t h e 1.side and WH [S only required when travel is from the H side.
© Standards Australia Limited 2021 _

AS 1428.1:2021 - 66
10.3.5 Distance between successive doorways in passages in a n accessible path of travel

The distance between doorways in vestibules, air locks and other similarly enclosed spaces shall be not
less than 1 450 mm. Where the doors encroach into this space, the distance shall be not less than 1 450
mm plus the door leaf width, as shown in Eignnefli; (b), and shall be in accordance with Eignzeal and
32 as applicable. '
The distances between doorways in vestibules and air locks on a path of travel to ambulant toilets shall
be in accordance with Eigmefii.
1450 min. 1450 min. 1450 min.
t“? F—T [#7
rFun
in:
(limp/LP
urn-1mm
film
ll"
[P
(3) Continuous a c c e s s i b l e path of travel .
-nnn-rnrvn
Option 1 9 0 0 min. 9 0 0 min. 9 0 0 min. 9 0 0 mln.
Mnm
aw
u
film‘s-nu
u m
~900 min. ——-900 m i n . —-900 min.
E-hOption 2
|. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J
9 0 0 mln. l«—-—>—l—— 9 0 0 m i n .
900 min.—
9 0 0 min: .900 m i n . 900 min 900 min. 300 min
1
900 min. 900 min.

Option 1
900 min. 900 min.
l
|
|
Option 2 i
i
I
l
A.
9 0 0 mln.-—
0)) Path of travel t o ambulant toilets
Figure 34- —- Continuous accessible path of travel —— Distance between successive doorways in
vestibules and air locks on a path of travel to ambulant toilets

-n'l1
1n
67 AS 14:28.1:2021
10.4 Door controls
10.4.1 General
Door controls in, or forming part of, the continuous accessible path of travel shall be in accordance with
the requirements of this clause.
10.4.2 Design and performance
Door handles and related hardware and accessories shall be in accordance with the following:
{a} The door handle and related hardware shall be of the type that allows the door to be unlocked '
and opened with one hand. The handle shall be such that the hand of a person who cannot
grip will not slip from the handle during the operation of the latch.
NOTE 1 W shows examples of suitable hinged door handles. Eignrefiflfl) shows examples
of suitable door handles for sliding doors.
NOTE 2 Door handles of “D" lever type provide an adequate grip for people with hand impairments.
(in) Throughout the operation range, the clearance between the handle and the back plate or
between the handle and the door face, whichever is closer, at the centre grip section of the
handle shall he not less than 35 mm and not more than 4-5 mm.
(c) “D" type handles shall be provided on sliding doors.
(d) Where snibs are installed, they shall have a lever handle of a minimum length of 45 mm from
the centre of the spindle. '
[e] The force required at the door handle to operate the door shall not exceed the following:
(i) To initially open the door -- 20 N
(ii) To swing or slide the door —- 20 N.
(iii) To hold the door open between 60° and 90° — 20 N.
NOTE 3 These requirements do not apply to fire doors and smoke doors.
(f) Where a closer is fitted at doors other than fire doors and smoke doors it shall have adjustable
delayed action or hold-open function.
(g) Where an outward opening door is not self-closing, a horizontal handrail or pull bar shall be
fixed on the closing face of a side-hung door, as shown in flgimflfi.
\ . .‘q _ _._ _© Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 53
run
Grip section
Furniture plate -~
.
Inn ‘ r v - I n n n
nrvn
u
lm'unrn-
:7
Grip section
mann-
uh
Grip section
ma
20 mm m i n . ” 1
— 35 —45 mm
Furniture plate
Grip section
© Standards Austraiia Limited 2 0 2 1

69 AS 1428.1:2021
Grip s e c t l o n
20 mm mm! ( 1 Furniture p l a t e
— 35 — 45 mm /
Grip section
Figure 35(A) -—- Example of acceptable door hardware for hinged doors
‘ . . . © Standards Ausmlia Limited 2921. ;

AS1428.1:2021 70
W
35 - 45
\p
mm
rrun
In!
Grip s e c t i o n — “ ~ - Grip s e c t i o n
u'vr‘m
nun
IIn
t
Imam
Ff
K;
uh:
fl: %>
-M'I'|'nlrm
Furniture
35—45 K
Grip s e c t i o n
Grip section "L’—
p
F u r n i t u r e —————————-——-—*_.
Figure 35(8) — Example of acceptable door hardware for sliding doors
to Standards Australia Limited 2021

mm
71 AS 1428.1:2021
‘ 200 max.
Hinged side
1 6 0 0 min.
1 000 max.
150 mln.
(a) Minimum zones for glazed viewing panel
Handrail Handle
or pull b a r — \ /_
‘MwLH-I l_._J
50 m l n . — - — | -
4-
50 min.
1 0 0 0 1:100
(b) Location of door controls showing face
Figure 36 ~— Locations for door controls showing closing face and minimum zones for glazed
' viewing panel
©_ Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 72
10.43 Location
Except in early childhood centres. swimming pool barriers o r similar situations where the location of
the opening and locking controls is prescribed by the relevant statutory authority, the location of the
controls for doors and gates shall be above a level surface and as follows:
(a) Controls that need to be grasped or turned or pushed or pulled to operate a door shall be
not less than 900 mm and not more than 1 100 mm above the plane of the finished floor, as
shown in E M and not less than 500 m m from an internal corner except a s specified
in AS 17 35.12.
(b) Controls that only need to be pushed in the direction of travel, such as panic bars on egress
routes, shall b e not less than 9 0 0 mm, and not greater than 1 2 0 0 mm above the plane of the
finished floor.
I'lll‘
MI
I'
(C) Controls that only need to b e touched shall b e not less than 900 mm. and not greater than
1 250 mm above the plane of the finished floor, and not less than 500 mm from an internal
corner except as specified in AS 1735.12.
(d) Handles on sliding doors shall b e not less than 6 0 mm from the door jamb o r doorstop when
new»
In
in the open or closed position, a s shown in Eigmfifl.
mwmml
iIm'r'lnm
(6] Manual controls to power-operated doors shall be located on the continuous accessible path of
arr
travel no closer than 500 mm from an internal corner and between 500 mm to 1 000 mm from
the arc of the hinged door leaf or clear of a surface-mounted sliding door in the open position.
10.4.4 Power-operated door controls

Push—button controls shall have a minimum dimension of 25 mm diameter and be proud of the surface
and shall activate the door before the button becomes level with the surrounding surface
-n-“'I'VIIM
@ Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

73 . AS 1428.1:2021
Section 1 1 Switches and general purpose outlets [power points]
11.1 General
All switches and controls on an accessible path of travel, other than general purpose outlets, shall be
located not less than 900 mm nor more than 1100 mm above the plane of the finished floor and not
less than 500 mm from internal corners except where on the architrave on the latch side as shown
i n Eignrefiz.
construction tolerance (see SflnflnnZ).
NOTE 2 The term "controls" can include heating and cooling controls, ventilation controls, security
controls or similar.
11.2 Accessible sole—occupancy units and accessible sanitary facilities

Rocker action and toggle switches shall be provided and have a minimum dimension of 30 mm x 30
mm. Push—pad switches shall have a minimum dimension of 25 mm in diameter.
General purpose outlets shall be located not less than 600 mm nor more than 1 100 mm above the plane
of the finished floor and not less than 500 mm from internal corners.
I Centre-Elna of operative
. component nearest to
the internal corner
I 500 min. I
l Internal c o r n e r
. /— or obstruction
1 0 0 0 5:100
Figure 3 7 -- Heights for switches and (1001‘ handles
_ _ _©_$i_:andards Australia Limited 2021

I n : I'
AS 1428.1:2021 74
Section 1 2 Sanitary facilities
12.1 General
The facilities described in this clause may be used a s individual modules, in mirror image configurations
or in a combined form, as specified in W .
NOTE When setting out works using the dimensions in this section, make apprOpriate allowances for
construction tolerance (see W].
12.2 Accessible unisex sanitary facilities
12.2.1 Water taps

Water taps shall be in accordance with the following:
(a) Taps shall have lever handles, sensor plates, voice activation or other similar controls.
mm.
(b) Lever handles shall have not less than 50 mm clearance from an adjacent surface.
Ino u n - m a n
(c) Where separate taps are provided for hot and cold water, the hot water tap shall be placed
n
to the left of the cold water tap for horizontal configurations, or above the cold water tap for
vertical configurations.
n:a. m -
w
u enm
m
n
((1) Where hot water is provided. the water shall b e delivered through a mixing valve outlet.
Mra n u -
12.2.2 WC pan clearances
m
WC pan clearances, including set-out, seat height and seat width shall be as shown in Eignnejfi.
nu
an
Finished wall s u r f a
ce—\
Ta Ed 9 of an
Front of any back-waII—mounted 450 to 460 i pbagk-wail-rzounted fixture
fixture or obstruction e x c e p t . or obstruction
backrest |
\ i i
fi 600 min. F i 600 max. “E
' I I
' I I
8 0 0 5:10 ' 'L . '
5 Seat width ._1
' 4 0 0 max.
Top of s e a t .
l :.
I
I
6 0 0 min. I
460 to 480 i
I
(a) S i d e view (h) Front View
NOTE 1 For the purpose of dimensioning, the front of the WC pan has been taken as the datum plane.
NOTE 2 The dimension of 800 i 10 mm from the front of the WC pan to the wall is a critical dimension.
Figure 3 8 —- Water closet pan clearances, seat height and seat width

mm my r
75 . AS 1428.1:2021
us I m ‘ m fi fl fi l
w new-mn- ruo-m
12.2.3 Seat
A toilet seat shall b e provided on accessible toilets. The toilet seat shall ~-
(60 b e of the full-round type, (Le. not open fronted);
un-n-nund
(b) b e securely fixed in position when in use;
(C) have seat fixings that create lateral stability for the seat when in use;
(d) h e load-rated to 150 kg; and
(e) have a minimum luminance contrast of 30 % with one of the following options.
(1] seat and pan; or
[ii] seat and wall; or
(iii) seat and floor against which it is viewed.
(f) remain in the upright position when fully raised.
12.2.4 Backrest
A backrest shall be provided on accessible toilets. including those in accessible sole-occupancy units.
The backrest shall —
(a) - b e capable of withstanding a force in any direction of 1100 N; and
[b] at its face, have a vertical height of 150 to 200 mm and a width of 350 to 400 mm,
(Eignrefifi) and;
[c] have-its face inclined to 95° to 100° to the horizontal; and
(d) b e centred on the WC pan centre-line; and
(e) b e located with the lower edge of the centre of the face 120 to 150 mm above the WC seat and
430 to 495 mm from the front of the WC pan [W33],- and
(f) b e located to allow the seat to remain in the raised position; and
(g) in an accessible sole-occupancy unit, be capable of being removed and refitted.
_ © Standards Australia Limited 2021: __

AS1428.1:2021
Face of
lncHnafion backrest l
of face of
backrest 95° to 100°,
Lower edge of Horizontal]

centre of face plane
o f backrest
(E
Front of WC pan \ pan and backrest
Seat i n position 430 to 495
Face of backrest
350 to 4 0 0 Zone for
mm
nu
inclined 95° to 100°
l'
from horizontal :l/ backrest face
Lower edge of
centre of face
of backrest [ J 150 to 200
new»
I
In
120 to 150 I l 120 to 150
nM
' Im -
l
“M
p mo' rm
«1-
:—
Top of seat / Top of seat
urn-w-
L_l
m
*1B a c k r e s t l o c a t i o n m u s t a l l o w t h e s e a t t o
remain i n the raised position
(a) Side view (8) Front view
Figure 3 9 —- Backrest installation front and side view
12.2.5 Flushing control
Flushing controls shall b e user activated, hand operated, electronic sensor or automatic. Where hand-
operated flushing controls are used,they shall be located within the zone shown in Email), or centred
on the centre-line of the toilet, wholly within the vertical limits of that zone. The position of the flushing
control within this zone shall not be within the area required for any grabrails or backrest. The flushing
control shall be proud of the surface and shall activate the flush before the button becomes level with
the surrounding surface unless provided with electronic sensor(s] option.
Flushing control shall not be located within the zone of the backrest or within 50 mm of any grab rail.
' © Standards Anstralia Limited 2021

7'7 AS 1428.1:2021
Q pan
500 f— Zone for position . 300

of flushing control ._...\—-
Z o n e for
backrest —\
1100
1100
900
200
\-
Zone for optional
cleaners tap
(a) B a c k wall (b) Side wall
Figure 4-0 ~— Zone for position of flushing control
12.2.6 Toilet paper dispenser

The outlet for the toilet paper dispenser shall be located within the zone specified in Eignnefll.
The toilet paper dispenser shall not encroach upon the clearance space required around the grabrail
specified in W
Toilet roll shall not have a projection from the wall of more than 150 mm.
Zone for position Q\

of toilet paper ‘x‘
()
dispenser outlet
Top 3 f s e a t
460 to 480
Figure 41 - Zone for position of toilet paper dispenser
_; ._ ,- - ©,§tandar_ds Australia Limited 2021.

AS 1428.1:2021 _ 78
12.2.7 Grabrails
Grabrails, as specified i n m m shall b e provided across the rear wall a n d at the side wall nearest
the WC pan, as shown in Eigumfl. Where there is no obstruction, the rear wall grabrail may extend
across the wall to the side wall.
200
to
25° 50
‘ to 1400 min. to
700 min. '60 60
\ I \_| :
100 to 150 100 to 150

“‘ 900 “-
to
1 000
II'n !
800
to
800
820 to
820
Pull
L__J |—-_....J
i
In
800 :10 8 0 0 :i:10
(i) Option A (ll) Option B
r'r' I L ‘ T H
IIm'lrifll’
Ilfvr'tannn-HFII
(a) S i d e View showing optional s y s t e m s for grabrall a t s i d e s of p a n
(13.
‘2 pan pan
'n'n'u'ln
I,
450 to 460 450 to 460 I
_"' _" 5°
50 to 60 ! /— Side of cistern to 50
" " " " "[“"": /- Grabrail may continue
I : / when not obstructed
.l ,
I
__" —_'
I E (:23 ZZZZILLZZIZZIZZZZICZZZD
50 l
"PX. :' | 3 0 0 m 'm . t 25010 400+ I 3 0 0 min.
M
800 to 820 800 to 820
| l
l |
(b) Grabrail at back of pen with (c) Grabrail a t back of pan with' '
surface-mounted cistern and sectional concealed or remote cistern and
View of grabrail a t s i d e of pan s e c t i o n a l view of g r a b r a l i a t s i d e of p a n
Figure 42 — Positions of grabrails in water closets
@ Standards Australia Limited 2021

79 AS 1428.1:2021
12.2.8 Circulation space
12.2.8.1 General
For each WC pan the unobstructed circulation space from the finished floor to a height of not less
than 2 000 mm shall be a s shown in flgurejla. The only fixtures or fittings that may encroach into the
circulation space below a height of 900 mm are a s follows:
[a] The toilet paper dispenser (see W].
[b] Grabrails [see W ) .
(c) Backrest [see ClauselZJA).
[(1] Portable sanitary disposal unit as shown in figurejfl.
(e) Washbasin / vanity bench limited to-100 mm encroachment as shown in Eigunesia, AA;and A5.
(f) Where provided, wall—mounted taps e.g. Cleaner‘s tap (see Eigunellfl].
Where provided, additional fittings and fixtures may encroach into the WC pan circulation space up
to a maximum of 150 mm but shall provide a minimum of 900 mm clearance below. Such fittings and
fixtures include the following:
(i) Hand dryers and towel dispensers.
(ii) Soap dispensers [see SEW].
(iii) Shelves [see M].
[iv] Wall cabinets.
[v] Clothes hanging devices (see W).
[vi] Other wall mounted fixtures, such as dispensing units and sharps disposal units.
The overlapping of circulation spaces shall be in accordance with W.
The WC pan circulation space may encroach into the shower cubicle but shall remain clear of the shower
seat in folded position.
The WC pan circulation space may overlap other circulation spaces.
12.2.8.2 Baby change tables
Where installed, baby change tables shall —

(a) not encroach into the circulation space of any other toilet facility when in the folded up
position; and
(b) have a maximum height of 820 mm and a minimum clearance underneath of 720 mm when in
the open position.
© Standards Australia Limited 2021 . .

AS 1428.1:2021 - 80
1900 min. I 430 mln.
Distance
450 to 460 Limit of any .
I l back-wall-mounted rifles:
600 max. , I fixture or obstruction w 338:5 n
I in accordance with
400 max' I Flgure 38 — 600 wide
above 600
I — — .
r“ E's—2.3) \
. \
-
Portable sanitary ln-
800 1:10
dlsposal u n i t _ / 600 m .
um
v-
I I 1 .
um
m
I"-n n - " I 1 1 nun
I
‘1‘: pan Exclusion zone ‘ Exclusion
2 300 mln. line
i 14oo|nm.
i l
E
vmnmuh
l 1 400 min.
I
Exclusion zone
"mu-runes
/
\\ ’/
\\ TEX
-—100 m a x .
330 mln. permltied
encroachment
zone
Key
Clrculatlon space line
NOTE This circulation space may overlap any other circulation spaces specified in this document. Grabrails
shall be provided in accordance with mm
Figure 4-3 -— Circulation space for WC pan -— Right-hand transfer [left-hand transfer is
mirror reversed]
See W1 for other allowable encroachments.
12.2.9 WC doors
WC doors may be either hinged or sliding. WC doors shall be in accordance with the following:
(a) Outward-opening doors shall have a mechanism that holds the door in a closed position
f without the use of a latch.
[b] Doors shall be provided with an in—use indicator and a belt or catch. Where a snib catch is
used, the snib handle shall have a minimum length of 45 mm from the centre of the spindle. In
an emergency, the latch mechanism shall be openable from the outside.
(c) The force required to operate the door shall be in accordance with mm.
[d] Door handles and.hardware shallbe in accordance with ileum.
81 AS 1428.1:2021
12.2.10 Washbasins for unisex accessible sanitary facilities
A hand-washing facility shall be provided inside the toilet cubicle and shall form part of the accessible
unisex facility [see 512111511213).
12.3 Washbasins
12.3.1 General
The installation of washbasins shall be in accordance with the following:
(a) The washbasin may encroach a maximum of 100 mm into the circulation space of a WC pan.
[See Eigumifi-l
0)) The washbasin may encroach a maximum of 100 mm into the circulation space of a shower
recess. [See W {LIKE}, 55 and if; for examples.)
[Cl The washbasin may encroach into a door circulation space. [See W and 51$)
for examples.)
(d) Water taps shall he in accordance with W .
(e) Exposed hot water supply pipes shall be insulated or located s o as not to present a hazard.
to The projection of the washbasin from the wall and the position of taps, bowl and drain outlet
shall be determined in accordance with EiguresAiLAl and 4MB); except in sole-occupancy
units, where Eigureifi shall apply.
(g) Water supply pipes and waste outlet pipes shall not encroach on the required clear space
under the washbasin. (See EigumslAl and 5113) for examples.)
For each washbasin fixture, the unobstructed circulation space shall be as shown in Eigum except
in sole occupancy units, where EiguLeAE shall apply. The washbasin fixture and its fittings are the only
fixtures permitted. in this space. “Fittings" include the bench at a semi-recessed washbasin and a vanity
top at a sole-occupancy unit washbasin. The washbasin circulation space may overlap other circulation
spaces. [See EigurcAfi and EMA), 51KB), 51m) and 5_1LB_) for examples.)
. 1:19;...5 .- .._ _- © Standards Australia Limited 2021

-AS 1428.1:2021 82
350 min
9
; Front of basln $\
/ 300 max. to ‘\\
Q ’4 Operable parts §
In
l /
12—5—3151 é \\ Knee clearance R
Bench I /
I
to o p e r a b l e \ Bench
450 mln. 1/! parts 916 max. \
u».
na-11 m
\ I\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\~ :2 J 1850 ”H4
I n ' r 1 - 1 nnew-n
$\ . J I g I mln. -._..._ ‘7‘ 7S Sum”... I
Inn-.111")IIln'r1rlnY
\ . . / aoo //
\ . . eoo // , , . _w\
/ [3 lo / ‘~ sun In 340
v1-
§ ./
\ \. ;/ sec
lo 840 9 0 0 720 / ,j / 8 0 0 to 8 3 0
\\ ' ' /
/ 830 max
‘ 1
aefloe/ V1
§ Circulation 1 [/1 1 3510 é‘i'fli'BPE‘i/fia ,_,_ .._ _ . .-.-.
\ space I //////|////////////////Z \\\‘$\\\\\\\\\ ‘\
70° 4—4—4125
min.
a—ml
240 . 200
L. I fi NOTE: Location o l k n e d t o e clearance z o n e l s
..........._.-_.,. Independent of the wall plane
I 850 mm. ‘
A
ELEVATION A ELEVATION B
«Q!
PLAN
NOTE "Operable parts" means the centre-line of the tap, or where a lever handle is provided, the end point
o f the lever measure throughout its arc of movement, o r where a sensor is provided where the sensor i s
reliably activated.
Figure 44(A) ~— Semi-recessed washbasln installation —0ther than for sole-occupancy unit
© Standards Australia-Limited 2021

83 AS 1428.1:2021
o_
3
/
/
Front of basin
300 max. to
S
\
§
425 min.l ; operable parts \
//I ‘\\.
| \\ Knee clearance
120 to 150 l / Sh I! to operable kwsmu
Shelf min. >\<‘
450 g //_ 9 parts 215 max.
+ \\ i\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 5C ‘ / is
300.0 m -. 7%” —— ' r:
\‘f
,
U
\
.
‘ 800 900 to j
a l / j
//S/tt\
\
\ .- l 1000 / / 500
830m 720 _ /f / - 800 l o
\.- --
§l \ m, é “ fine/1);}?
. . . .., /'
830
§ Circulation : é _ 3‘lm
%cleaisgleel§' l
\ Space _ 7//////V////////// \\\\\"}\\\\\\ \\\\\
I | 700 120 to 150 240 - - 200
i— ' 425 min. NOTE: Location or kneeltoe clearance

- zone ls Independent of the wall plane
8 5 0 mln.
A ELEVATION A ELEVATION B
_B@
PLAN
NOTE "Operable parts" means the centre-line of the tap or, where a level handle is provided, the end point
of the level measure throughout its arc of movement, or where a sensor is provided where the sensor is
reliably activated.
Figure 44 (B) m Wall-mounted washbasininstallation .... other than for sole-occupancy unit
12.3.2 Accessible sole occupancy units

Accessible sole occupancy units shallhave the following characteristics:
[a] The projection of the washbasin from the wall and the position of taps, bowl and drain outlet
shallbe determined in accordance with figurefi.
[b] Water supply pipes and waste outlet pipes shall not encroach on the required clear space
under t h e washbasin, as shown i n EigureAE.
[c] Shelf space shallbe provided adjacent to the washbasinin one of the following ways:
(i) As a vanity top -—-«
(A) at a height of 800 mm to 830 mm above the floor;
(B) with a minimum width of 120 mm beside the basin;
(C) with a minimum depth of 300 mm from the front to the rear wall; and
[D] with no encroachment into any knee and toe clearance space for a
minimum width of 850 m m centred on the basin.
(ii) As a separate fixture «-

[A) within any circulation space at a height of 900 mm to 1 000 mm with a
minimum underside clearance of 850 mm for a Width depth of 120 mm to
150 mm and length Width of 300 m m to 400 mm; and
_ . 5 ©§tandards Australia Limited 2021_.._.

AS1428.1:2021 84
[B] within the circulation space of a doorway in accordance with

Figuresei a n d £6; a n d
(C) external to all circulation spaces at a height of 800 mm to 1 000 mm with a
minimum width depth of 1 2 0 mm and minimum length width of 400 mm.
/ \
/ Q
450 min. /
f E
Q
/
425 min. / \ \ Bench
a—-_-.-..! / \
\/—225
Bench— \ |
@- /
f; \ 475 max. min.
Knee clearance 215
I \x\\\\\\\ \\\\\+\\\ \\\ fl ‘° ”PM“ ””5
225 mln.§ " - 225 mln / '3 /§
1 l \ 1 - Q
\\\Q . coo "/ E i”
/ x\
.475 max. '4 one to 32:0 t ° 8 3 ° /’é 820 lo 930
1...”; . f 720 min. 720 Q
N
. _ ————— /
/ T Knee/loo " 300 lo 530
3‘30 ie//
Circulailan . 9/ 7’9”"? 1
s ace / /
run
ml
/////
p 700 //////////// /////// \\\\\\\\\\\\< \‘x
:-
E 24° 2°“
L 425 min.
nan-nan
NOTE: Location o l knee/loo clearance z o n e In
ru-vn
I 350 min. f independent of the wall plane
l'l
[I
mwrn—
1—3
.r1-
PLAN ELEVATION A ELEVATION E
Figure 45 - Washbasin for accessible sole-occupancy unit
m:
Typical w a s h b a s i n
-’H\‘1-PEI
.- a /
225 min.
Q washbasln__ .m 0 -.._ : 850 min.
225 mln.
" -
\ -—
800 w 700 mln.

,
Key
..........._._..... Circulation s p a c e
Figure 4 6 -- Circulation space for washbasins
© Standards Australia Limited 2021 . -

w
85 AS 1428.1:202 1
"aha
12.4 Fixtures and fittings within a sanitary facility
12.4.1 Mirrors
In all sanitary facilities, a mirror shall be provided and located either above or adjacent to the washbasin.
Where located above the washbasin, the mirror shall extend from a height of not more than 900 mm
to a height of not less than 1 850 mm above the plane of the finished floor. Where located adjacent to a
washbasin, the mirror, shall extend from a height of not more than 780 mm to a height of not less than 1
850 mm above the plane of the finished floor.
No mirror shall be less than 350 mm wide. All dimensions apply to the reflective surface of the mirror.
The reflective surface shall be vertical.
In an accessible sole occupancy unit, a mirror shall be centred over the washbasin.
12.4.2 Shelves
Shelf space shall be provided adjacent to the washbasin in one of the following ways:
(a) As a vanity top at a height of 8 0 0 m m to 830 mm and a minimum width of 120 mm and a
minimum depth of 300 mm and a depth no greater than of the bowl plus its front and back
flanges without encroaching into the circulation space of any other fixture.
(b) As a separate fixture ~—
[i)' within any circulation space at a height of 900 mm to 1 000 mm with a width of 120
m m to 1 5 0 m m and length of 3 0 0 m m to 4 5 0 mm,- and
[ii] external to all circulation spaces at a height of 790 mm to 1 000 mm with a minimum
width of 120 mm and minimum length of 400 mm.
12.4.3 Soap dispensers, towel dispensers and similar fittings -
Where provided, soap dispensers, towel dispensers, hand dryers and similar fittings shall be operable
by one hand, and shall be installed with the height of their operative component or outlet not less than
9 0 0 mm and not more than 1 1 0 0 mm above the plane of the finished floor, and no closer than 5 0 0 m m
from an internal corner.
12.4.4 Clothesuhanging devices
A clothes—hanging device shall be installed 1 200 mm to 1 350 mm above the plane of the finished floor
and not less than 500 mm out from any internal corner.
12.4.5 Sanitary disposal unit
Where provided, the sanitary disposal unit shall be located as follows:

(a) Portable unit as shown in Figured-.3.
(b) Recessed unit within 500 mm from the pan.
12.4.6 Switches and general purpose outlets
Where provided near the washbasin. switches and general purpose outlets shall be located in
accordance with flannel]. and as close to the shelf or worktop as practicable.
NOTE For requirements on general wiring rules refer to AS/NZS 3000.

AS 1428.1:2021 __ 86
12.5 Showers
12.5.1 General
The general requirements for showers are a s follows:

(a) Shower recesses and circulation spaces for each shower recess from the finished floor to a
minimum height of not less than 2 000 m m shall be a s shown in Figureill Grabrails, shower
hose fittings, taps, soap holder, shelf [if provided), clothes hanging devices and the folding
seat are the only features permitted in these spaces.
(b) Sho‘wer recess fittings shall be provided as shown in Eigutemfl. and 513. Not less than two
clothes-hanging devices, as specified in film shall be fitted outside the shower
recess. One such device shall be located within 400 i 10 mm and the other within 600 i 10
mm of the folding seat.
(c) If two or more shower recesses are provided, at least one shall be of the opposite hand.
r
(d) Taps shall be located on the side of the shower head support grabraii nearer the folding seat.
I-mnin!
(e) The shower recess circulation space may overlap other circulation spaces. (See EiguLLfl
for examples.)
unwrap-inn
12.5.2 Floor and waste outlet
The requirements for the floor and waste outlet are a s follows:
I'll‘ffl
ma
an
(a) The floor of the shower recess and associated circulation space shall b e self-draining and
without a step-down, raised step kerb or hob at the entry to the recess.
mum-w
01-
[b] Where a central waste outlet for the shower recess is provided, the waste outlet for the
shower shall be in accordance with Eigurefiz. Alternatively, a linear drain may b e provided.
man-rm
[c] The slope of the floor of the shower recess to a central waste outlet shall have a gradient
between 1 in 6 0 and 1 in 8 0 as shown in Figumfifl. The slope of the floor of the whole sanitary
facility to a linear drain shall be constant within the range of 1 in 50 and 1 in 90.
NOTE A linear drain may be used to facilitate conformance to these gradients.
(d) The slope of floor of the remainder of the sanitary facility shall have a gradient between 1 in
Ind
8 0 and 1 in 100, as shown in Ejguneifl.
- © Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

mu m : :-
37 AS 1428.1:2021
1 160 min.
3 0 to 4 0 — 5 8 0 to 6 0 0
5 0 to 6 0 3 9 0 to 4 0 0
- 50 to 60 --l-«— 40 m a x .
.. ~40 max.
—.4 ‘ \
\\_\\‘J . ~
I
" 3 0 to 4 0
0 II 5 5 0 2:25
' I WI 1000 min.
\ I area (E
r “‘9 1 100 mln.
43> I T Falding
w '- e:5t
100 max. p r e m m e d . i 5303
encroachment zone \ I I :9:
Optional Iocatlon of -~~- w 1...“--- -S‘ ******** 100 max.

_ waste outlet . 4 0 0 1-10 2 350 min.
Goat hooks 200 3:10
1 250 min.
Circulatlon
space
Kay
............._.............. Glrculatlon space
(a) Shower recess with two walls
... ._ _©_ Standards Augtjralia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 38
1 1 6 0 min.
3 0 to 4 0 -‘ 5 8 0 to 6 0 0
5 0 to 6 0 r 3 9 0 to 4 0 0
+l--— 40 max.
5 0 to 6 0 - “- 4 0 m a x .
“W— I -.
I
so to 40—— } 550:25
l Wet 1/ 1 000 min.
nun
In:
a-
GE
A wall or other fixtures ——-——-»'l area a 1 100 min.
located here : Folding
IInr m a - m u n
Optional location of —--—————————-Im T “at
waste outlet I
I Ligi’flé...
I ‘E 1 100 max.
fl'll
m u n - u m I"an»
\w“ -- ‘ n 400 5:10 I _ 2 5 0 0 min.
Coat hooks 200 5:10
1 400 mln.
100 max. premitted Clroulation
-mniwlnfl
encroachment z o n e
1 6 0 0 min.
Key
.._......_......__ Circulation space
(b) Shower recess with a third side

provided by a wall or other fixtures
Figure 47 ..... Shower recess and circulation space —- Plan
© Standards Australia Limited 2021 '

89 AS1428.1:2021
1 180 min.
Shower head support i 800

grabral! with portable :
shower head , I 580 to 600
I
I
l
Shower I
head I
support
Top of shower Bottom I _
head support of shower I 300 Zones f°.' taps and soap
,
grabrail h e a d support
| 5 0 min. ~ holder With 5 0 min.
I c l e a r a n c e a r o u n d shower
1 8 8 0 to 1 900 m- grabrall .. I50 m I" - su o r t r a ''l
1 000 to 1 100 I / ”9
I
-—~—-"-—— Optional I I. /
extension—H54; I,”
_r____ I ," Top of zone
: I/ 1 100
| i Bottom
Top of grabraii I of zone
800 to 820 : 900
l Folding
I seat
“ T o p of seat
660 I 460 to 480
m "' — 390 to 400
ii
(a) Shower recess fittings
1 1 6 0 shower
800
100
/— Location of hose
/ connection to be In a
_-___,
/ zone between 100 to

1/ 800 from internal
corner a n d b e t w e e n
1100 700 to 1 100 from FFL.
Location to not intefere
with t h e u s e of
grabrails, taps, soap
holder and shower seat
(b) Shower recess fitting — zone of hose connection
Figure 48 — Shower recess fittings — Elevation
202.1.
_ osmndardsAustrana Limited _ i
AS 1428.1:2021 90
Level of perimeter of floor

m u n g i n sll'iower a r e a \
un‘s-u— an ear
F a l l 1 in 8 0 to 1 in
100
to bathroom are a Fag? in !
6 0 to 1 ,r l
ShOWSI-
w n 80 ’
. i
Bathroom a r e a Shower a r e a
:-
Figure 49 -—- Grades for bathroom and shower floors
. -u»
m
o .
mus-mou-
12.5.3 Shower screens
The means of screening a shower recess shall be either by a curtain or a type of door system that does
not obstruct the required circulation space or the shower recess.
lnew.
rI-I
no
12.5.4- Grabrails
mun-nun
Grabrails, as specifiedin flanseli. shallbe fixed on the walls in the positions shownin FiguresAZ and
i8. Taps, soap holder and shower head support grabrail, as shown in EigumsA-Z and 43 may encroach
into the 600 mm clearance above the grabrailrequiredbyflauselfiel
Where the nominated dimensions of the required grabrails for WC and shower recess overlap the
grahrail shallbe continuous.
NOTE Where a continuous grabrail traverses the location of a shower curtain. the curtain should lay across
the grabrail.
12.5.5 Shower head support grabrail
A shower head support grabrail, as specified in (213113114. shall be fixed on the wall in the position
shownin W.
12.5.6 Shower head and hose
A hand-held shower head shall be provided, which shall have a flexible hose of a minimum length
of 1 500 mm.
An adjustable shower headholder shallbe provided to support the shower head and shall ——
[a] be installed on the shower head holder support grabrail as shown in Eignneikfi;
[b] allow the graspable portionof the shower head to be positioned at Various angles andheights;
[c] The wall outlet for the shower hose shall be located at 700 mm to 1 100 mm AFL to provide
full access for the independent user, when coupled with the required 1 500 m m minimum
lengthhose. SeeFigurefifi;
((1) allow the graspable portion of the shower head to be located at heights between 1 000 mm
and1 800 mm above the plane of the finished floor; and
(6] allow access and adjustment from a seatedposition.
NOTE Installation of water supply backflow prevention devices to prevent water supply contamination is
coveredby the N CC Volume 3.
(0 Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

r
'Il
nun
91 AS 1428.1:2021
In'W'B-Innnflfll
In
12.5.7 Soap holder
nl'l'n
The soap holder shall be located within the zone shown in Eigutfifl.
"I've“
- n - n ~ . - n n H01 ' 7
12.5.8 Shower taps
Shower t a p s , as specified in W11, shall b e located Within the zone shown in Eightejfl. The
length of the tap lever handle shall be no greater than 100 mm.
12.5.9 Folding seat
A folda'ble seat shall be provided inside the shower recess, as shown in EignnesAZ and 18, and shall -—
(a) b e self—draining;
[b] be slip-resistant;
[c] have front corners that are rounded to a radius of 10 mm to 15 mm;
(d) have top edges that are rounded with a minimum radius of 2 mm to 3 mm; and
(e) shall fold in an upwards direction and when folded the grabrail shall b e accessible.
NOTE For assisted residential care buildings the provision of a portable shower chair may be provided in lieu
ofthe folding seat.
Where drainage is provided by holes o r slots in single unit seats or by gaps between slats i n compound
seats, the diameter of the holes, the width of the slots and the gaps between slats shall be between
4.- mm to 6 mm.
The fastenings, materials and construction of the seat shall be able to withstand a force of 1 100 N
applied at any position and in any direction without falling o r loosening of fastenings.
12.5.10 Clothes hanging devices
Two clothes hanging devices shall b e installed within reach of the shower seat, as shown in EigureAZ.
12.5.11 Backflow prevention device and restrictor device

Unless the shower hose has a restrictor device preventing the showerhead from resting on the floor or
into the basin, a backflow prevention device will b e required to prevent water contamination. Where it
would b e possible for the shower head to reach into the toilet pan then a restrictor device shall be fitted
to prevent the hose reaching the toilet.
The restrictor device shall b e a proprietary item which restricts the movement of the shower hose and
prevents the shower head from reaching into the toilet pan, basin or onto the floor.
NOTE Installation of water supply backflow prevention devices to prevent water supply contamination is
covered by the N CC Volume 3.
12.6 Combined sanitary facilities

Circulation spaces for combined sanitary facilities, including doors, may be overlapped.
A washbasin may encroach up to 100 m m into the circulation spaces (see W].
Other nominated fixtures may encroach into circulation spaces [see W1].
A shower seat in the folded—up position shall not encroach into circulation spaces.
W31 shows examples of combined sanitary facilities, with and without a shower.
.: ‘ .. @gsmndargs Australia Limited 2021

Inn-I um .—
AS 1428.1:2021 92
M i n . 1 9 0 0 c l e a r of ehOWer
seat in folded position
_
.—,
4.3.--
,....—u-um——._—__—
——_
l
(a) Backflow prevention device (b) Backflow preveniion device and
and restrictor device required restrictor device m a y b e required
based on hose location
mvn - l - V I I"rm
n
Min. 2 3 0 0 clear of shower
I seat in folded position I
' In
r ovr ‘sI n
"" s
s
m
Ir?
:‘fC‘T-K
ii
-n-n-u-m
/
i:
i
i
Md
I
I
(c) Backflow prevention device and (d) Backflow prevention device and
restrictor device not required reetrictor device not required
NOTE A backflow prevention device may be requiredi f the hose is longer than 1 500 mm.
,-_-__.._—___________._
Figure 5001) — Examples of accessiblebathrooms

. 4 6— — . — — — — - ’
z:
© Standards Anslralia Limited‘2621. -
93 AS1428.1:2021
Min. 1 9 0 0 c l e a r
Min. 2 3 0 0 clear
"5
/’L®\
Min. 2 630 {
[1/ clear i Min. 2 330
.‘1; I : clear
_/ i L. u u u u u um
rum—I“ m'/‘
3 0 0 mln.
clear
@e
(a) Accessible toilet (b) A c c e s s l b l e toilet
Figure 50(3) — Examples of accessible toilets
700 800 1 460
300 450 300 300
lam l‘ml I‘T'imn. I"'i"'mn.| .
110£ 11...].._‘.:_i
1 . ‘ c‘ I I -
110 _
Hinged door . Hinged .150, I. . "T . Hinged door -
850850
circulation \ BOO clrculatlo‘n Washbasin 450 circulation
aPM"
850 min. . .. tum space! circulation
r'space
_[ 850 mln .-
. eo'/
L . ..4 l 130°
.74...»
@o._-_--__.._| .___,,*
_,/ Washbaeln 70° 5/ u ,/___
_../ . clroulaiion __.../ ' 5o -",// !
3P3“
900 L 1 900 I '
. . 44.0 0 Washbasin I B it)
. _i _ circulation
\..
.
._......_......_._.._.....| —--—-——-—---—— space _i
_¢'
' L 850 ._ 1 670 ‘ 800 -.__....__
100 .l ’—
1 670
(a) Side approach (b) Side approach (0) Front approach
NOTE It is not required to align the knee/toe clearance with the wall surface.
Figure 5101) ... Allowable encroachment of a washbasin into hinged door circulation space
© Standards Australia Limited 2021‘

AS 1428.1:2021 94
mo max.->I|-T:%" -é r—TQLI‘JBo—j V—fl—"l .

I .' . fi I is" !
31:!_-._.._m:/[®\ “‘i\~ ‘ 7 I T ! i
m l Washbasln
G 5 in 8 o
530
_.
.I
3!“
'W:hh space
350 Slldlngdoo r
. {‘3'“\
' ' 950 : oirculallon
Igfiaifi‘fib'or _.'—I/
I : Slidln door
mln. clrculatlon l c i r g u l a t m n min. . 860 oirculgtlon '
99809 . .39!“ oirculatlon ' mln. space I
_.._.._.._____|... l 700 ___J£a_ee “J
L'"—"::_"::;:._1_ _J
:
350
L—l
"I
..JJ. 660
i.
l_
150 min ,/ : ’-
L _j L __J I ‘I— Washbaeln
_..._.._....._r-- 850 —--—---—--- 450 clrculatlon l 850
I
.-
1 280 I 59““
L .r
W! 1 2 8 0 J‘Il
_\--..__.___.. _J__
‘ 300 | 700
in."
nu
(a) Side approach (I!) Side E P P W H G h (o) Front approach
NOTE i t is not required to align the knee/toe clearance with the wall surface.
Figure 51(8) «- Overlap of washbasln fixture into door circulation space where washbasinis
located opposite a sliding door
n
unnum-
me!!!
swflql
«-
earn-um
an

95 . AS 1428.1:2021
Section 1 3 Sanitary compartment for people with ambulant disabilities
13.1 General
Sanitary compartment for people with ambulant disabilities shall be in accordance with
WW and 521.33.1-
WC shall have a vertical height of 460 mm to 480 mm to the top of the seat and be installed with the
standard projection for the front of the WC pan.
NOTE When setting out works using the dimensions in this section. make appropriate allowances for
construction tolerance (see Seawall
13.2 Grabrails
Grabrails shall be continuous and consist of a. horizontal section plus either a vertical section or an
upward angled section as shown in M.
For further requirements on grabrails see Secflenli.
13.3 Doors
Doors to sanitary compartments for people with ambulant disabilities shall have openings with a
minimum clear width of 700 mm and be in accordance with Eigmejfi (b) and ElgumfiS’LBl.
Doors shall be provided with an in-use indicator and a bolt or catch. Where a snib catch is used, the snib
handle shall have a minimum length of 45 mm from the centre of the spindle. In an emergency, the latch
mechanism shall be openable from the outside.
13.4- Signage
Sanitary compartments for people with ambulant disabilities shall be identified by symbols and words,
as specified in Clansej and illustrated in Eigureiccl.
13.5 Clothes hanging device

A clothes hanging device shall be provided within the sanitary compartment and at a height between
1 350 mm to 1 500 mm from the floor.
. 3 © Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

AS1428.1:2021 96
40° 45°
‘0 “ 400 to 450
70
r:\
—50 to 60 f “35873 200 to 250

clear 30° to 45° \::\ 0
Zone for
position of
toilet paper
dispenser
r
820 Top of s e a t
1
wu
an
T o p of s e a t
n
460 to 480
4 6 0 t o 4 8 0 above
above floor
floor level
level
-ev-airm
uim
ln- —n.
i‘im
900 to 920 Standard proiectlon
n
900 mln.
for WC '
-r|-|I‘I-r—
SECTION A-A ELEVATION
an
Standard
projection
for W.C.
900 to 920
PLAN
Figure 52(A) ——- Sanitary compartment for people with ambulant disabilities — Plan
and elevation
© Standards‘Australia Limited 2021

nus m. r
97 A5 1428.1:2021
900 to
920
Standard‘l
prolectlon
tor W C
(a)
Standard
projection I I 9 0 0 min.
for W 0
.__-..______.|
(b)
9 0 0 to
920
I
l
l
Standard Optlon‘i Option 1
I
E
projectlon 900 min.
I
for W C -——+ I 'l
““ Option 2 _______ ___+.........
l
I
(0) Option 2 i
l
Standard ‘- - - - - - - - - 1
' ------- pgglre‘xlgn 900 min.
9 0 0 to
920 (d)
Standard i Egg_______1
piGCtiDn 900 min.
: Option 1
I
I
for W C - I . I
0mm"
i *H 2 i 900 x 900
I:
I: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ circulation s p a c e
(9) t __________E
Figure 52(B) — Sanitary compartment for people with ambulant disabilities —
Doorway options
_‘ ©§§apdarri$ Anatralia Limited 2021.3,

AS 1428.1:2021 98
Section 14 Grabrails
Grabraiis shall be in accordance with the following:
(a) Grabrails shall b e not less than 3 0 m m and not m o r e than 4 0 m m outside diameter; or they
shall have a sectional shape within the limits of 30 mm to 4 0 mm diameter.
r
(b) Exposed edges and corners of grabrails shall have a radius of not less than 5 mm.
lln'r-Innnn mm
I“!
(C) The fastenings and the materials and construction of grabrails shall be able to withstand a
force of 1 100 N applied at any position and in any direction without deformation or loosening
or rotation of the fastenings or fittings.
(d) The clearance between a grabrail and the adjacent wall surface or other obstruction shall be
new-n
m
not less than 50 mm and not more than 60 mm. The clearance above a horizontal grabrail
r r r“" -
| | \—
shall extend above the top of the grabrail by not less than 600 mm. The clearance below a
| fi- '1
I"!
|"
horizontal or angled rail shall be a minimum of 50 mm except at fixing points.
""1"...
(6] Grabrails shall be fixed so that there is no obstruction to the passage of the hand along the top
270° arc of horizontal and angled grabrails. There shall be no obstruction to the passage of
the hand for the full length of vertical grabrails.
Ind
NOTE An exposed end of a grabrail is a potential hazard.
© Standards Australia Limited 2021'

99 AS 1428.1:2021
Section 1 5 Assembly buildings
15.1 Wheelchair seating spaces

Where fixed seating is provided, wheelchair seating space shall be as follows:
(a) Adjacent to, and on the same leVel as, other seating in the row and shall be accessed by a
continuous accessible path of travel.
(b) Located to allow lines of sight comparable to those for general viewing areas and shall not be
obstructed by opaque handrails or balustrades.
NOTE Wheelchair seating spaces may be achieved by providing removable seating.
15.2 Surfaces
The ground or floor at wheelchair seating spaces shall be level when indoors or have a gradient not
steeper than 1 in 40 in outdoor areas.
15.3 Spatial requirements

The minimum space for each wheelchair shall be as shown in Eigurejaml The whole of the space
allocated for any wheelchair shall not impinge on the dimensions required for aisles by more than 250
mm, or for crossovers by more than 300 mm. See Eiguresim 53(3)). 531.121and 53m}.
.,© Standards Australia Limited 2021 .

AS1428.1:2021 ' 100
/////l ////////////////////////// ////.
1 5 0 0 mln. __ 1700 800
3H 1
"1i: ii \—Step
or
top of
sloped alsle
1
[<— A
Front
PLAN — APPROACH FROM THE REAR
/— Back of flxed seating
1 5 0 0 min.
/Crossover
/
...._..............................1 2 5 0 min. 1 2 0 0 min.
SECTION A-A
Figure 53 (A) -- Wheelchair seating spaces in auditoria with aisles and crossovers --- Approach
from the rear
‘ ©'Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

101 AS 1428.1:2021
1700 800
I4—— A
330 min. ~— I
|
1 1|
2 4 5 0 min '
1 2 0 0 mln A|s|e
1 0 0 0 min.
i i H
|i \ Step or
I t o p of
] s l o p e d aisle
1
Front
[q—A
PLAN —- APPROACH FROM THE FRONT
/— Back of fixed s e a t l n g
3 3 0 mln.
\\\\\\\L
2450
SECTION A-A
. Figure 53(3) .... Wheelchair seating spaces in auditoria with aisles and crossovers ~— Approach
from the front
r
- © Standards Australia Limited202 1
AS 1428.1:2021 ‘ 102
mm
i‘ w
n- rma-iunn n n n u - h i I-un
m - w u m"e-v m
Entrance
1 9 0 0 min.
earl-41TH!
950 min.
I-u-I
Front
PLAN
Fri-
mix) 950 min.
1 9 0 0 mln.
SECTION A-A
Figure 53((2) -—- Wheelchair seating spaces in auditoria with continental seating (i.e. no aisles
or crossovers]
© sundards Australia Limited 2021'

103 ‘ AS 1428.1:2021
1700 I I. A 800
330lnm.—
l
|
I
2450 min.
1200 mln. Alsle
Llne of balustrade. obstruction or step
PLAN — APPROACH FROM THE FRONT
Back of fixed seating
3 3 0 min.
Limit of any
/obstruction
L i n e of b a l u s t r a d e ,
obstruction or step — \
1
2 450
SECTION A-A
Figure 53(D] -— Wheelchair seating spaces in auditoria front row — Approaching from the front,
_ (9 Standards Austyjsgliq. Linfiteg 2.021

AS1428.1:2021 104
2 700 min. .
A I
II__ I I
.—
h H Entrance
.1
n.“
.m.
I
I
I
|
Seating Seating Circulation I
I
space space space
no".
I
In
|
I
"ow-”u"
Step
I 2450 min.
gm.
|
|
.m‘mm
l
I
|
l
I
I
|
nm‘lrwnfl
PLAN
WE
2 4 5 0 min.
SECTION A-A
Figure 53(E) — Paired wheelchair seating spaces in auditoria with continental seating or where
there are n o crossovers
© Standards Australia Limited 2021' . s '

105 AS 1428.1:2021
Appendix A
(informative)
Examples of kerbs
This Appendix provides kerb and handrail configurations, as shown inEigumAJ, to enable conformance
to the requirements offliansslifll.
Handrail Handrail
fl 1 0 0 0 min. ?
“65 to 75
Ramp
/////// ////////
(a) Low wall a s kerb
Handrail Handrail Handrail Handrail
1000
7 1000 min. r W min. F
E Ramp
'_ Ramp
_i
////////////// /////////////////,
150 min. — 150 min. 65 max.
(i) i (ll)
//
9 Handrail Handrail
/ /
é ‘1 f é
; r_ 1 000 min. . 1/
/ 50 min. /
/ /
/ ,1 50 min.
/ /
/ /
/ /
é - Ramp ¢
/////////////////////
(ill)
(b) High wall a s kerb
_ © Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS 1428.1:2021 106
Handrail Handrail Handrail Handrail
7 F 1 1000 min. I
Kerb rail Kerb rail Kerb rail Kerb rail

Q Ramp 5 - l Ramp _
/////////////////. /////////////////.
6 5 to 7 5 — 6 5 to 7 5 —
(i) i“)
I!“
f
(c) Slngle rail as kerb
rw “
Han dra il
Ha ndr ail
In
1 000 min . f
1.
Ifie'rn
unit"!
l i.a"r!s - 1 m m
Kerb rail Kerb ran 20 max. for all gaps
1
located in the height
150KB range 7 5 to 150
150jmin. :3 Ramp
a b o v e r a m p surface
’/////////////////
'M'I‘l'f-M
—-20 m a x .
(d) Multiple rail as kerb
Figure 11.1— Types of kerbs
© Standards Australia Limited 2.021 ' '

107 _ AS 1428.1:2021
Appendix B
(informative)
Measurement of luminance contrast between building elements
3.1 General
This appendix sets out two methods for measuring the luminance contrast between building elements
—-— contact method or non-contact method.
Where it is necessary to achieve sufficient luminance contrast between building elements, this can
usually be achieved by using very dark or very light materials. The luminance contrast is achieved by
measuring the luminous reflectance of the first building element and comparing it with the luminous
reflectance of the second building element, as set out in Qausesjsfi and BA;or 3.5.
3.2 Luminance contrast requirements

Luminance contrast between building elements is the difference in the amount of light reflected
(luminance reflectance] from the lst building element compared to the amount of light reflected from
the 2nd building element. '
The first building element should have a minimum luminance contrast of 30 % compared to the amount
of light reflected from the second building element.
it may be necessary to test both elements when wet and dry.
The test to be conducted may be carried out in the contact method or non«contact method, and for
published results to then be compared.
3.3 Measurement of luminance contrast -- Non-contact method
8.3.1 General
This clause sets out a method for measuring the luminous reflectance of building elements. The
method is carried out with reference to a standard Iight source, which is an inherent feature of suitable
colorimeters and spectrophotometers.
NOTE 1 Some building materials manufacturers publish luminous reflectance values for each of their products.
This test method is not suitable for measuring the luminous reflectance of translucent materials or
illuminated objects. It is less applicable where the measured surface is not uniformly coloured.
NOTE 2 The method specifies colorimeters and spectrophotometers that are widely available.
13.3.2 instrumentation
A tristimulus calorimeter, or spectrophotometer with a diffuse illumination/normal viewing (d/o)

geometry, is used with CIE Standard Illuminant 065. The instrument should be measuring absolute ClE
for n to be calculated. The measured luminous reflectance is defined by the tristimulus value Y. The
chromaticity coordinates x and y provide a n indication of the colour.
. .: .3.Qfitandards Australia Limited 2021 .

AS 1 4 2 8 . 1 : 2 0 2 1 108
8.3.3 Procedure
The procedure is as follows:

(a) Calibrate the equipment in accordance with the design specification.
(in) Locate the equipment on the surface to b e measured.
(c) Take measurements in at least five locations [on each building element) or on five units
of the product (such as samples, where five units are available). Where the surface does
appear (visually) to be uniformly coloured, a minimum of 10 measurements have to be
mm
taken. Record the luminous reflectance [Y value} for each individual dry measurement that
is taken. The luminous reflectance (‘1’ value] of the C113 1964- colour system is recognized in
AS/NZS 1 5 8 0 6 0 1 2 .
r
(Cl) Unless wet measurements a r e deemed to be inappropriate, wet the surface of the product and
In -
m
ensure that the surface remains wet [such that water ponds on the surface) for a minimum of
5 min. Take measurements as in Step [c], as soon a s possible after removing any unabsorbed
unnnnnn-fl-II
nnx1nnvI-u-1-n
water from the surface with a cloth or sponge that does not leave any solid residue. Record
the luminous reflectance [Y value] for each individual wet measurement that is taken.
m—n-wm "-
Determine the mean dry luminous reflectance [Yd] and the mean wet luminous reflectance ( l -
NOTE 1 The use of standardized illumination conditions when making photometer measurements can
enable manufacturers to publish luminous reflectance values that are consistent with those obtained using
thls Appendix.
mu
NOTE 2 For s t a n d a r d colours, s e e AS 2 7 0 0 .
The luminance contrast (C) of two surfaces has to b e calculated using the Bowman-Sapolinski
equation a s follows:
C =125 (Y2 —iq)/(Yl +1; +25)

where
C = luminance contrast
Y1and Y2 = luminous reflectance values of the two surfaces
For more information, refer to An Improved Metricfor Visual Differentiation using Colour-modified Clinical
Eye Charts, Sapolinski, I.
B.3.4 Report
The following should be reported:
{a} Full description of the surfaces tested with product details where known.
[13) The instrument geometry, the light source a s being D65, the aperture and the observer angle.
[c] The locations of the measurements on the sample.
[d] The mean luminous reflectance of the building elements under the conditions set out in
W.
The corresponding data for other light sources and illuminant may also be reported.
Z®Eltandards
Australia Limited 2021 ~. . - -...'..*.‘:. . , ‘
I.
\ m.
109 AS1428.1:2021
BA Determination o f luminance contrast

This clause sets out a method for using the luminous reflectance values to calculate the luminance
contrast between two adjacent or contiguous surfaces when the luminous reflectance of the products
are known. and i s based on the following equation:
0:125 (i; —Yl)/(Y; +1)“2 +25)

where
C = luminance contrast
Y1 = darker surface
Y2 = lighter surface
The full set of limits is shown in Iablefitl.
The luminous reflectance of the building elements should lie above or below the lines illustrating the
minimum and maximum luminous reflectance necessary, as shown in Eigumfld...
Table 13.1 —- Values of luminous reflectance required to provide adequate luminance contrast a s
a function between building elements
Luminous Minimum luminous Maximum luminous
reflectance of reflectance of a possible reflectance of a
the building lighter building element possible darker
element building element
95 -- 33
90 — 50
85 — 47
80 ———— 4-4
75 ._._ 4-1
70 — 38
65 —— 35
60 --- 31
55 96 28
50 90 25
45 82 22
40 74 19
35 65 16
30 57 13
25 4-9 10
20 41 7
15 33 4
10 25 1
((3 Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

AS 1428.1:2021 110 '
10°
; :- /
z'.
90 . . __..l . . -52.. .... ...._..__._: / ‘jv~uI-r- - I > r ' ‘ - . w.-.
80 .
L'ghter elemen t 5,
70 —L~
x - ' Non compliant zone
60 / " ‘ I ; .
50 - E (I ’w "
40 .. / I “I l
',_._.......«_
20 [I ‘ “(I
/ -- _ ./ . Darker element
10—3 , ; i
0‘
i i i i 3
0 1o 20 so 40 5o 60 70 so 90 mo
m1
LUMINOUS REFLECTANCE
0‘
NOTE Luminous reflectance of building elements should lie outside the shaded area, with the lighter element
above the shaded area and the darker element below the shaded area.
run
Figure B.1 — Limiting values of luminous reflectance of building elements
”Infi f e - m m
3.5 Measurement o f luminance contrast —- Contact method
elw - n
Ilmflm
r1-
M
n
3.5.1 General
This clause sets out the method for on-site measurement of contrast of building elements. This method
is carried out under the prevailing lighting condition(s] and is also applicable where a building element
is not uniformly coloured.
NOTE The method specifies a luminance meter [photometer] with a 1° measurement field. Such meters
are widely available. While a wider field of view such as 3° may be preferable because it permits a shorter
measurement distance, luminance meters with wider fields are less common and substantially more expensive.
3.5.2 Instrumentation
'IH'I'I'HIIM
A single lens reflex luminance meter commonly known a s a photometer with a 1° measurement field
and a spectral responsivity approximating the CIR 1931 Standard Observer V (A) function as specified
in ISO/CIE11664-1 should be used.
3.5.3 Procedure
The procedure is as follows:
(a) Mount the luminance meter on a tripod so that the centre of the objective lens is at a height of
1.6 t 0.1 m [representative of the eye height of a standing person].
(b) Locate the tripod so that measurements can be made of both building elements without
moving the tripod. Direct the luminance meter to the point where the width of the smaller
building element just fills the measurement field. Choose an area that is visually uniformly lit.
Record the luminance L1.
(c) Direct the luminance meter to measure the second building element immediately adjacent to
the location of the first building element. Record the luminance L2.
©StandardsAusflaliaLimitedZOZl ‘- ‘- , ' ‘
111 AS1428.1:2021
(d) When calculating the contrast between the building elements use the following equation:
0:125 ()3 40/01+1; +25)

where
luminance contrast
Y1 darker surface
Y2
lighter surface
Conformance is established using C as appropriate.
(e) To carry out wet measurements take measurements in at least 5 locations [on each building
element) or on five units of the product {such as samples where 5 units are available).
Where the surface does not appear (visually) to be uniformly coloured, a minimum of
10 measurements have to be taken. Record the luminance reflectance (L value) for each
individual dry measurement that is made. The luminance reflectance (L value] of the CIE 1964-
colour system is recognized in AS/NZS 1580.601.2.
(f) Unless wet measurements are deemed to be inappropriate, wet the surface of the product and
ensure that the surface remains wet [such that water ponds on the surface) for a minimum of
5 min. Take measurements a s in Step (c) a s soon as possible after removing any unabsorbed
water from the surface with a cloth o r sponge that does not leave any solid. residue. Record the
luminous reflectance {Y value) for each individual wet measurement that is taken. Determine
the mean dry luminous reflectance (La) and the mean wet luminous reflectance.
NOTE 1 The use of standardized illumination conditions when making photometer measurements
can enable manufacturers to publish luminous reflectance values that are consistent with those
obtained using this Appendix.
NOTE 2 F o r standard colours, s e e AS 2700.
8.5.4 Report
The following should be reported:
(a) Full description of the building elements with product details where known.
GI) The instrument being a luminance meter with a 1" measurement area corrected to
approximate the CIE 1931 Standard Observer.
[c] The location of the sample, if on—site.
(d) The location of the sample of the measurements on the first building element.
(e) A description of the light source(s] illuminating the sample, including type, e.g. fluorescent
tube, incandescent, high pressure sodium discharge, metal halide, and colour [in
general terms).
(f) The mean luminance reflectance of the second building element to the first building element
under the conditions set out in Elausefllifi,
is) The mean luminance reflectance of the first building element to the second building element
under the conditions set out in W
(h) The luminance contrast with the second building element.
(0 Where the lighting source varies, e.g. by night and day, the corresponding data for other light
sources may also b e reported. '
l© Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

AS 1428.1:2021 112
Appendix C
[informative]
Vision impairment
C.1 Understanding vision impairment

Vision impairment is defined as a “limitation of one or more functions of the visual system” [1]. It can
present itself in a variety of ways and be caused by simple or complex pathological processes affecting
a person’s daily living activities.
,1 n .
Vision impairment may affect partial or full loss of sight in one or both eyes and can be the result of
disease or injury, may progress overtime, and may be permanent or corrected with visual aids (such as
glasses) or with surgery.
In- u I - u
u
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2017—18, more than 13 million Australians (55 %
of the total population) have one or more long-term eye conditions. It also stated that long-term vision
disorders affected 93 % of people aged 55 and over. (2]
n nn'nl m — un e w !
The effects of vision impairment may be further exacerbated by coexisting general health conditions,
n v' run- m
environmental impacts, including weather conditions or level of ambient light, and the visual demands
Im
o1-
of the task at hand. Understanding the different visual functions may aid in applying strategies to
u
reduce their impact on a person's quality of life and improve accessibility of normal daily activities.
Functions of the visual system include but are not limited to the following:
C.2 Visual acuity

Visual acuity can be defined as the ability of a person to resolve detail or the sharpness/clarity of
-nn-u-mrmd
one’s vision. The measurement of visual acuity involves a person reading a standardised set of black
high contrast symbols, typically letters or numbers, on a white background at a set distance. While
visual acuity is useful as a measure of central vision it does not always correlate well with the quality
of vision in challenging situations such as objects that are similar in brightness to their surrounds or
moving/changeable shapes. Visual acuity is usually presented as a fraction such as 6/6 in Australia
(20/20 in the US/UK] and if a person identifies this level of vision then they are considered to have
normal vision. Presenting text or environmental signage in a larger font or size can compensate for a
reduction in visual acuity.
C.3 Visual fields

- While visual acuity measures the clarity of the central vision, visual fields are a measure of the extent
of the peripheral or side vision. So while some people have very good visual acuity they may have poor
or reduced peripheral vision resulting in “tunnel vision" or missing area. Visual field restrictions can
impact activities such as driving, crossing the road or even just navigating through obstacles in a room.
Normal visual field is considered to have a horizontal extent of 160° to 200° and about 135° vertically.
Using a standard or continuous layout of design features can improve usability for a person with a
restricted visual field.
(2.4 A note on legal blindness

Legal blindness is defined as having the best achievable visual acuity of less than 6/60 in the better
eye and/or visual field restriction to within 10 degrees radius from where a person is looking. [1]
©‘Standards Australia Limited 2021 -

113 AS1428.1:2021
This means that an individual who is deemed as legally blind can only see, a t six metres [or closer),
something that someone with ‘normal‘ vision would be able to see at 60 m, or that the extent of their
side vision is 10" away from where they are looking at best. A major limitation of legal blindness is that
i t does not take into account the other functions of the visual system discussed below.
m..."
(1.5 Contrast sensitivity
Contrast sensitivity is the ability to discriminate between similar shades. It is a measure of how much
colour or brightness difference is required for a n object to be distinguished from its surrounds. The
measurement of Contrast Sensitivity involves a person reading a standardised set of initially black
high contrast symbols reducing to very faint low contrast symbols, typically letters, on a white
background at a s e t distance. Individuals with low contrast sensitivity may have difficulty navigating
environmental features such as unmarked curbs and steps, and may need enhanced illumination to
read. Adding or improving the lighting used for different tasks and the addition of luminance contrast
to the environment (such as adding nosing to the edge of steps or a visual indicator on glazing] can help
in compensating for reduced contrast sensitivity.
C.6 Luminance contrast
AS 1428.1:2009 defines luminance contrast a s "the light reflected from one surface or component,
compared to the light reflected from another surface or component", it relates to the difference in the
light reflective properties of each colour/surface. Improving luminance contrast in the environment
supports m a n y vision impairments.
C.7 Depth perception

Distance perception refers to the ability to see and recognize distances between people/objects. It I
allows us to accurately and quickly estimate the distance from oneself to a particular object, as well as
distances between specific objects in any direction or angle. Depth perception refers to the ability to
see and estimate the distance straight ahead toward a specific object. Doing this accurately requires
stereopsis, o r two eyes that see well and work together as a team. Depth perception is reduced when
there is loss of visual contrast. People with vision in only one eye, o r with normal vision in one eye and
reduced vision in the other, will have reduced/no stereopsis (and hence reduced/no depth perception).
When depth perception is reduced or not available, a n individual must rely on other visual information
to gain information about distances.
The loss of depth perception or the ability to perceive distance can affect a person’s life in many ways,
such as difficulty in navigating stairs. The addition of luminance contrast to the environment can help
to compensate for loss of depth/distance perception.
C.8 Glare sensitivity

Glare and light sensitivity are common issues, particularly in individuals with eye conditions such
a s albinism, cataract, glaucoma and retinal disease. There are 2 types of glare: discomfort glare and
disability glare. Discomfort glare causes a natural desire to look away from a bright light source, or
creates difficulty in seeing a task [such as when driving towards the setting sun). Disability glare
reduces the visibility of objects due to scattering of light within the eye, and does not necessarily
cause discomfort.
Assessment ofsensitivity to glare may be performed both indoors and outside with attention to different
lighting environments which may be problematic (such a s fluorescent lighting in grocery store).
Special optical filters [including sunglasses, varying tints) and non-optical devices such as hats, visors
and UV shields, may help to reduce glare and thus improve comfort and visibility. Careful consideration
of environmental lighting sources and reflectiveness of surfaces can reduce environmental glare.

AS 1 4 2 8 . 1 : 2 0 2 1 ' 114
C9 Colour vision
Colour vision deficiency can be defined is the inability to distinguish certain shades of colour. The term
“colour blindness" is often used in everyday speech to describe the same concept, although complete
colour blindness is very rare. Colour vision deficiency can be inherited or acquired a s a result of a
disease process. The extent of the deficiency ranges from mild to severe and most commonly affects
shades of reds/greens with blues/yellows being less common.
In Australia, the incidence of Colour Deficiency is 1:12 for males (8 %) and 1:200 (.04 %] for females. (3)
.-
While most people who have inherited colour vision related deficiency have learned to live with
this problem, it is those who have the acquired form who may have greater difficulty, especially as
min
on.
n
they typically have to deal with the concurrent impacts of the underlying cause of the colour vision
impairment. Daily tasks can rely on a person's ability to distinguish things by their colour and this
discrimination can he further affected by the intensity or brightness and or the size of the coloured
,
object and its relationship to the background setting._ For example, some people with colour deficiency
mun-mu-
urw-uu-n
will rely on visual cues such as the position of lights on a traffic signal rather than the different
"-1-
m
signal colours.
"III-n
References
1. A holistic model of low vision care for improving vision related quality of life. Luu, W. 5.1.:
Clinical and experimental optometry, 2020.
2. Australian institute of Health and Welfare . A guide to Australian eye health data.
Canberra: AIHW, 2007.
om-I-u'n-M
3. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/eye-health/eye-health/contents/how-common-is-visual
-impairment
4. https://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Colour-blindness
© Standards Australia Limited 2.021

115 AS 1428.1:2021
Bibliography
AS 4586,Slip resistance classification of new pedestrian surface materials

AS 4663,Slip resistance measurement of existing pedestrian surfaces
HB 197, An introductory guide to the slip resistance of pedestrian surface materials
SA HB 198, Guide to the specification and testing of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces
AS/NZS 1580.601.2: Paints and related materials—Methods of test, Method 601.2:Colour-Principles
of colour measurement
AS 1742.14, Manual of uniform traffic control devices, Part 14: ll‘afi'ic signals
AS/NZS 3000, Electrical installations (known as the Australian/ New Zealand Wiring Rules]
ISO/CIE 11664-1, Calorimetry — Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
BAILS I.H. 'Project Report of the Field Testing ofAustralian Standard 1428~197Z’(Comprises a series
' of separate investigations). South Australian Department of Housing and Construction. Now SA
Housing, 1983
Australian Building Codes Board, National Construction Code,Volume 1

Australian Building Codes Board, National Construction Code,Volume 3, Plumbing Code of
Australia [PCA]
The following documents were referred to during the preparation of this document:
AS 1742.15:2007, Manual of uniform trafi‘ic control devices—mDirection signs, information signs and
route numbering
ISO 1164—1,Calorimetry—61E Standard Colorimetric Observers
(69 Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

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AS1428 - Design For Access and Mobility (2021)

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I m - i m.

Design for access and mobility

The following are represented on Committee ME—064:

"-l n ' r ' l n n ' r m

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR AS 1428.1:2020.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

ISBN 978 1 75113 404 3

Design for access

© Standards Australia Limited 2021

o Standards Australia [limited 2021

12.5.11 Backﬂow prevention device and restrictor device 91

© Standards Australia Limited 2021

Section 1 Scope and general

This document does not include requirements for —

«3 Standards Australia Limited 2021

AS 2700, Colour standardsfor generalpurposes

1.4 Terms and definitions

(9 Standards Australia Limited 2021

-.© Standards Australia Limited 2021

gnou n m a n - I - Iuﬂr nﬂ-l n

© Standards Australia Limited 2021

Section 3 Continuous accessible paths of travel

3.2 Heights of a continuous accessible path of travel

3.3 Width of a continuous accessible path of travel

.. © Standards Australia Limited 2021

-n-nn-m md 01 nnr1nn'r I'vcvrn In non-1mm u h .

Figure 2 M. Continuous accessible path of travel —— Minimum height and width

3.4 Passing space for wheelchairs

NOTE For examples see Fjgunej.

_,.. ,__. ©_._Sta1__1dards Australia Limited 2021

Figure 3 — Examples for passing space for wheelchairs

© Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1 s. . i.

1 500 . 1 500 1 500 ,r

Turn 90° In p a t h of travel Turn 75° In path of travel

Turn 30° to < 60° In path of travel

All dimensions a r e minimum

Figure 4 m Space required for a 30° to 90° turn

© Standards Australia Limited 2021__

3.5.4 Greater than 9 0 ° to 180° turn

All d i m e n s i o n s are minimum

Figure 5 ~— Space required for a greater than 90° to 180° turn

© Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

3.6 Visual indicators on glazing

3.7 Glazed viewing panels

::.-. . .1: _.I _©_ Standards Australia Limited 2021

Section 4 Floor or ground surfaces on continuous accessible paths of travel and

(b) Contlnuous pavlng unlis — flush-iointed with level s u r f a c e s

Figure 6 —-- Acceptable construction tolerances for abutment of.surfaces

© Standards Australia Limited 2021-

Dimensions in millimetres and are maximum

% {If} \ é " : 125%

(a) Continuous paving units —- Level surface

Mortar joints shall be flush 142

§ ¢j3jijé - § £33523; 31% \\\

1-12 Profile and mortar Joint variation

(c) Continuous paving units —- Domed surfaces

Figure 7(A) — Raked joint pavers

..,9 ﬁtandaI-jds Australia Limited 2921_: __

(a) Gap spacing for continuous timber and composite decking

Figure 7(B) — Timber decking and boardwalks

4.3.1 Carpets and other soft ﬂexible materials

_ © Standards Australia Limited 2 0 2 1

(a) Optional section A