MICROSHIELD

Copyright © 2021 Siddharth Patel

All rights reserved

Created by - Siddharth Patel (AMCMET)

Published On: - October 2021

PREFACE
 The questions were asked in GUJARAT University examination from year
2021 – 2003.

 “YEAR-I” and “YEAR-II” pattern shows examination of major batch and

minor batch.

 Sign of ‘ * ’ indicates that question was asked as 5 marks question in that

year which is mentioned.

 Questions of year 2020, 2021 are shown in italic and underlined manner.

 This document is useful as softcopy, very easy to find and search.

 In the form of hardcopy is also very easy to use because mostly all questions
of the one topic are mentioned in only one page.

 Questions of the Microbiology (2010-I, 2005-II) are not mentioned due to

absence of papers.

 In document there are so many questions which have the same pattern or
same and I did mention it separately. Watch out frequently asked questions
and highlight them.

 There are some spelling mistakes, disarrangement of the question in the

topic and that’s why comment and suggestion will be appreciated from the
users for further improvement.

 If you are using these document for exam preparation then submit your
Name and college in the form. - https://forms.gle/BtwbYEiD5BjnKq5Q9
 NOTE
Hello friends,

I separated questions as your new book (system wise). Nothing new, In

General Microbiology new topics are added – General virology, general
mycology. You can use this one or MORPHINE.

Friends, don’t do multidirectional preparation, set your direction then stay on it.
Firstly highlight questions by priority. I suggest you to attend previous 3-4
years questions first then go with most frequently asked. I set order of
questions randomly because I optimized size and try to put all question in one
or two pages which is very helpful in hardcopy.

Please majorly all of you who is using MORPHINE and MICROSHIELD, not
giving feedback. Your feedback will be appreciated for further improvement.
https://forms.gle/Y3svVYoHYMXQ9Mg89

Don’t be stressed.
Stay focused.
Conscious about distance between your preparation and exam.
Be calm.

WISH YOU HAPPY DIWALI

All the best for your exam

Thank you
By,
Siddharth Patel
Mo. - +917041301167
Email - patelsiddharth360@gmail.com
AMC MET medical college (LG Hospital), Ahmedabad
 General Microbiology
Define sterilization & disinfection (2020-II*, 2018-II*)
Methods of transmission of infection in man (2012-I)
Principle uses and sterilization control of autoclave (2021-II, 2020-II*, 2018-II*)
Factors affecting growth of bacteria (2018-II)
Koch’s postulates / Robert Koch and its experiment (2018-I, 2013-II, 2012-II)
Principle and application of PCR (2013-I*, 2018-II)
Contribution of Louis Pasteur (2017-II, 2008-II)
Mechanism (Methods) of gene transfer in bacteria (2010-II*, 2016-I*, 2013-II*, 2012-II*2021-I, 2017-II,
2016-I, 2013-II, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2006-I)
Classify methods of sterilization (2017-I*)
Moist heat sterilization (Autoclave) (2021-I*, 2020-I*, 2008-II, 2017-II, 2013-II, 2011-I, 2009-II)
Chemical methods of sterilization (2017-I*)
Bacterial growth curve (2021-II, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2012-I*, 2008-II)
Role of plasmid in drug resistance (2017-I, 2004-I)
Plasmid (2015-I)
Physical methods of sterilization (2020-I*, 2016-II)
Development of drug resistance in bacteria (2014-I,2021-II, 2021-I*, 2016-I*)
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) (2021-I*)
Bacterial flagella & fimbriae (2016-I, 2010-II, 2009-I, 2006-I)
Endotoxins & exotoxins (2021-II, 2016-I, 2013-II, 2012-I, 2010-I, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Hot air oven / sterilization by dry heat (2016-I, 2014-II*, 2010-I, 2011-II)
Steam under pressure (2015-II*)
Different stain used in microbiology (2015-II)
Various agents used in sterilization / Vapour phase disinfectants (2015-I*)
Transport media (2015-I, 2012-I)
Cell wall of bacteria / bacterial capsule (2020-II, 2014-II, 2010-I, 2008-II, 2006-II*)
Chemical disinfectant – action, use, types, name (2014-I*, 2012-I)
Selective media (2014-I)
Determinants of bacterial virulence (2011-II*)
Enriched media (2011-II)
Mutational and transferable drug resistance (2021-I, 2011-II, 2008-I, 2007-II)
Transduction (2020-II, 2011-I*)
Role of halogens in sterilization (2010-II)
Commonly used disinfectants (2009-I)
Bacterial spores (2021-I, 2008-I, 2006-I*)
Describe the principle of genetic engineering (2004-II)
Mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (2013-I*)
Methods of anaerobic culture / anaerobiosis (2019-II, 2019-I, 2014-I, 2011-I)
Define inspissations – principle, procedure, uses (2019-I*, 2018-I)
Lancefield grouping (2016-II)
Micrometry (2016-II)
Enumerate non cultivable bacteria – lab diagnosis, morphology (2015-II*)
Vector – its role in infectious disease (2009-I*)
Anaerobic myositis (2007-II*)
Blood culture & its utility in clinical practice (2007-I*)
Febrile agglutination tests (2006-II*)
Factors predisposing to microbial pathogenicity (2005-I*)
What are the indications for blood culture examination and how is it done? (2005-I)
General virology
Viral inclusion body (2011-I, 2018-I, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2017-I, 2004-I)
Methods of detection viral growth in tissue cell lines (2011-I)
Interferon – mode of action & use (2015-I, 2004-II)
Bacteria and virus (2006-I) GENERAL
Cytopathogenic effects (CPE) (2005-II)
Live viral vaccines (2017-I)
Replication of viruses (2006-II*)
Cross immunoelectrophoresis (2008-I)
Technique of slide culture (2011-II)
Stages of viral replication (2014-I, 2009-II)
Non – immunological response to viral infection (2005-I)
Properties of cells transformed by virus (2005-I)
Various methods of virus isolation in lab (2013-II*)
Bacteriophages and their importance, life cycle (2005-I, 2012-II*, 2009-II, 2008-II, 2006-II)
Microscopy in viral diagnosis (2019-I)
General / Molecular methods for diagnosis of viral infections (2021-II, 2020-II)
Cell culture of virus cultivation (2018-II, 2008-I*, 2006-I, 2010-II)

General Mycology
Lab diagnosis of fungal infections (2019-II*, 2016-I*)
Role of microscopy in mycology (2010-II*)
Stain used in diagnosis of fungal infection (2012-I)
Classification of fungi (2021-II, 2016-II*, 2009-II*)
Sabourd’s agar (2008-I)

Hospital infection control

Define biomedical waste(BMW) its segregation and technique used for the treatment and disposal of
BMW (2021-II*, 2019-II*)

Others
Significant bacteriuria (2012-I)
Nosocomial infection (2011-I)
Methods for typing of bacteria for epidemiological purpose (2009-II)
Define carrier & list the different kinds (2009-I)
Complement in health and disease (2006-II)
 Immunology
Antigen - antibody reaction (various serological reactions) – name, principle, application,
Precipitation reaction (2019-II*, 2007-I*)
Active immunity (2019-II)
Tumor antigens (2021-I)
Type - II hypersensitivity reaction (cytotoxic) (2019-II)
Monoclonal antibodies (2019-II, 2015-II, 2008-I, 2004-II)
Type - I hypersensitivity (2019-I*, 2017-II, 2020-I*, 2016-II, 2014-I, 2010-II*)
Hybridoma technology (2019-I, 2018-I*, 2007-I*)
ELISA - principle & protocols (2019-I, 2017-II, 2015-I, 2012-II*, 2008-I*)
Agglutinations reactions - principle, type, application (2020-II*, 2018-II*, 2012-I*)
Superantigens (2018-II, 2018-I)
Graft versus host reaction (2018-II, 2010-II, 2005-I)
Describe structure of immunoglobulin, enumerate (2017-I*, 2015-II, 2011-II*, 2009-II)
IgM antibody (2020-II, 2017-I*, 2013-II, 2008-II)
Precipitation reaction (2012-I*, 2017-I)
Advantages of live alternated vaccine (2004-II)
Coombs test – principle & utility (2009-II)
Alternate complement pathway (2015-II) / classical complement pathway (2021-I, 2013-II*)-(2010-I*)
Major Histo – compatibility complex (MHC) (2014-II)
Passive immunity (2015-I)
Difference – active immunity / passive immunity (2015-I, 2012-II, 2007-I)
Classify hypersensitivity (2020-I*, 2014-II, 2021-II*)
Type III hypersensitivity reaction (2014-II, 2010-I, 2007-II*, 2006-I)
Auto immunity (2012-I, 2014-II)
Cell mediated immunity – detection test/ mechanism of response (2021-I, 2014-II, 2011-II*)
Graft & graft rejection – type, classification (2014-I)
Agglutination and precipitation (2013-I, 2012-II*)
Difference – B lymphocytes / T lymphocytes (2007-II)
Laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune disease (2007-I)
Describe the structure and function of IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA (2009-II*)
Prozone phenomenon – principle, application (2012-II*, 2010-I)
Primary response (2012-II, 2012-I*)
Nitroso – indole test (2009-I)
Cytokines (2015-II)
Secondary response (2012-II)
Difference – primary response / secondary response (2012-II)
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction (2021-II*, 2011-I*, 2005-I*)
Immunological tolerance (2006-I, 2021-I)
Abnormal immunoglobulins (2010-II) Anaphylaxis (2004-I)
Immune – deficiency states (2009-I) Function of T lymphocytes (2004-I)
Determinants of antigenicity (2016-II) Live and killed vaccine (2006-II)
Classify immunity (2016-I*) B lymphocytes – function (2012-I, 2007-II)
Innate immunity (2016-I*) Complement deficiency disease (2018-II)
Immunofluorescence (2016-I) Complement system (2016-II*0)
Heterophile antigen (2015-II, 2006-I*) Null cells (2014-I)
IgA antibody (2015-II, 2013-I*) Coagulase test (2010-II)
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction (2015-I) Iso antigen (2008-I)
IgG – diagram, label, function (2004-II) L forms bacteria (2019-I, 2006-II)
Vaccine (2004-II) Complement fixation test (2011-I)
Skin, Soft tissue, Musculoskeletal system
Bacteria
Post streptococcal sequel (2017-II, 2008-I, 2004-II)
Serological diagnosis of streptococcal infection (2004-II*)
MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) (2016-I, 2004-I*)
Difference - N.gonorrhoeae and n. Meningitidis (2010-I)
Non suppurative complication of streptococcal infection, pyogens (2020-II, 2011-II)
Difference – streptococcus pneumonae / viridans (2011-II)
CAMP test (Christie atkins munch peterson) (2015-I, 2010-I)
Nagler reaction – principle, procedure, use (2009-II, 2006-II)
Mycoplasma / infection caused by mycoplasma (2008-II, 2006-II)
Bacillus anthracis – lab diagnosis, pathogenicity (2021-I, 2004-II)
Clostridium tetani – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2004-I*)
Difference – tuberculoid leprosy / lepromatous leprosy (2014-I, 2012-II, 2011-I, 2007-I)
Bacillus anthracis and anthracoid bacilli (2004-II, 2011-II)
Lab diagnosis, pathogenesis of gas gangrene (2010-I*, 2021-I, 2021-I, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2010-I)
Virulence factors of staphylococcus aureus (2005-I*)
Clostridia – morphological and biochemical classification (2014-II)
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (2021-I) Streptococcus faecalis (2004-I*)
Virulence factors of streptococci (2017-I) Streptococcus viridans (2010-II)
Lab diagnosis of anaerobic infection (2018-II*) Actinomycosis – fungi + bacteria (2010-I)
Classify streptococci (2004-II*) Ascoli’s thermo precipitation test (2007-I)
Virus
Herpes simplex virus – pathogenesis, type 1&2 manifestation (2020-II*, 2014-I*, 2021-I)
Herpes simplex – 1 and herpes simplex – 2 (2007-II)
Cytomegalovirus – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2005-I)
Pocks on chorioallantoic membrane of variota and vaccinia virus (2006-I) /General Viro
Herpes viruses – classify, lab diagnosis (2021-II, 2014-I*, 2005-II, 2004-I, 2009-II)
Rubella fever – pathogenesis & lab diagnosis (2004-II)
Chicken pox (2008-I)

Fungi
Di-morphic fungi & lab diagnosis of sporotrichosis (2017-II, 2016-II, 2009-I, 2004-II)
Rhinosporiodosis / rhinosporidiasis (2021-I, 2019-I, 2018-I, 2016-I, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Dermatophytes – classification, lab diagnosis, pathogenesis (2021-I*, 2011-I, 2017-II*, 2013-II,
2017-I*,2015-I*)
Trichophytonmentagrophytes and trichophytonrubrum (2007-II)
ommon dermatophytic infection / clinical presentation (2015-I)
Dermatophytosis (2021-II*, 2014-II, 2012-I, 2004-II)
Actinomycoticmycetoma and eumycoticmycetoma (2006-II)
Subcutaneous mycosis – enumerate (2017-II, 2016-II)
C Maduramycosis (2015-II*) Superficial mycosis (2014-I)
Lab diagnosis–superficial fungal infection(2012-II) Actinomycosis (2007-II

Parasite
Larva migrans / Cutaneous larva migrans (2018-II, 2013-I, 2006-I) / (2011-II)
Dracunculusmedinensis – life cycle / dracunculiasis (2014-I)
Dracunculusmedinensis – morphology, life cycle, lab diagnosis (2005-II*, 2004-II*)
D. Medinensis - lab diagnosis, life cycle, Ringworm infection (2006-I)
prevention Oriental sore (2016-II)
Delhi boil (2008-I) Parasite penetrating through skin (2009-I)
Blood stream & Cardiovascular system
Bacteria
Relapsing fever (2019-II, 2011-I, 2008-I)
Mention four routes by which leptospires (2009-I)
Classification of rickettsiae (2007-I*)
Q fever (2016-I, 2008-I)
Leptospira and borrelia (2007-II)
Discuss lab diagnosis of human leptospirosis highlighting the utility of each test during different
stageof disease (2009-I*)
Leptospirosis – lab diagnosis (2018-II*, 2014-II, 2009-I*)
Discuss lab diagnosis, pathogenesis of enteric fever (typhoid) (2014-II, 2006-I2021-II, 2020-II*,
2019-II*,2017-I*, 2014-I, 2008-II, 2004-I)
Salmonella and shigella (2007-II)
Widal test & its application, interpretation (2013-II, 2012-II, 2011-I)
Weil felix reaction (2016-II, 2015-I, 2010-I, 2008-II)
Kauffmann – white scheme (2017-II)
Lab diagnosis, serological diagnosis of brucellosis (2019-I*, 2007-II)
Causes of infective endocarditis Investigate the cause of such infection in lab (2011-I*)
Blood culture method in diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis (2011-I*)

Virus
Dengue virus infection – morphology, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2021-I, 2019-I*, 2018-II, 2017-II,
2014-I)
Strategies for HIV testing in India (NACO) (2019-II, 2018-I, 2010-II)
Opportunistic parasitic infection in AIDS patients (2017-I)
Arboviruses – classify, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2016-II*, 2008-II, 2005-II)
AIDs enumerate opportunistic infection (2021-I*, 2015-II, 2015-I*)
HIV- pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, infection, structure (2021-I*, 2018-II, 2020-II, 2015-I*, 2014-I, 2013-I*,
2011-I, 2006-II, 2005-I)
Outline the course of disease development in case of HIV (2009-I*)
HIV – serological diagnosis (2012-II*)
Chikungunya virus (2017-I)
Opportunistic fungal infections in HIV (2018-I, 2014-I*)
Lab diagnosis / Serological diagnosis of dengue fever (2013-I) / (2008-II)

Fungi
Mycetoma – etiology,manifestation, lab diagnosis / Eumycoticmycetoma (2018-II*, 2017-I,
2015-I,2011-I*, 2008-II, 2005-II) / (2014-II, 2007-I*)
Enumerate fungi causing systemic mycoses (2008-II*)
Candida and Cryptococcus (2007-I)
Histoplasmacapsulatum (2006-II)
Non albicans candida (2015-II)
Opportunistic fungal infection (2007-II*, 2007-I)
Candidiasis - lab diagnosis pathogenicity (2018-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2008-I*, 2004-I)
Di-morphic fungi & lab diagnosis of sporotrichosis (2017-II, 2016-II, 2009-I, 2004-II)
Pathogenic candidiasis (2009-I)
Candida albicans – etiology, manifestation, lab diagnosis, clinical feature, lesions (2020-II, 2019-I*,
2010-II*, 2009-II*)
Parasite
Enumerate parasites causing anemia with type (2016-I*)
Blood flagellates (2011-II)
L.D. bodies (Leishmandonovan) (2016-I, 2008-II)
T.brucei gambiense and T.brucei rhodesiense (2006-II)
Leishmaniadonovani (leishmaniasis) – lab diagnosis, life cycle (2015-I, 2004-II*)
W.bancrofti&B.malay (2007-I)
Malaria – lab diagnosis, microscopy, semiquantitative& newer technique (2021-II*, 2021-I, 2019-II,
2016-II*, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2012-I*, 2009-I*, 2008-I*, 2007-I*, 2006-I*, 2005-I*)
Filariasis - lab diagnosis
Post kalaazar dermal leishmaniasis (2018-I)
Kala azar – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2017-II*, 2017-I, 2012-II, 2005-II*)
Enumerate haemoparasites (2016-II*)
Sporozoite induced malaria &trophozoite induced malaria (2007-II)
Plasmodium falciparum – clinical feature, lab diagnosis (2016-I*)
Wuchereriabancrofti – life cycle, lab diagnosis, pathogenicity, morphology (2005-I*, 2015-II, 2008-II*,
2008-I)
Occult filariasis (2015-I)
Lab diagnosis, complications of filariasis (2018-II2021-II, 2014-II*, 2013-II, 2011-II*, 2011-I*, 2006-II*,
2007-II, 2004-I*)
Plasmodium vivax infection – life cycle, draw, pathogenicity (2020-II, 2014-I*, 2010-II, 2004-I)
Mechanism of humeral immunity in parasitic infection (2012-II)
Difference – plasmodium vivax / falciparum (2013-I, 2006-II)
Diagnosis of P.falciparum malaria & complication (2011-II*)
Mechanism produced by parasitic anemia (2009-II)

Miscellaneous
Bacteria
Plague - pathogenesis and lab diagnosis (2017-II*)
Beta lactamases and its importance (2009-I)
Enumerate and lab diagnosis causing PUO (pyrexia of unknown origin) (2008-II*)

Virus
Teratogenic viruses (2009-I)
TORCH test (2008-II)
Carcinogenic viruses (2004-I, 2014-II, 2008-I, 2007-I*)
Cytomegalovirus – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2005-I)

Fungi ----

Parasite ----
 Gastrointestinal infection
Bacteria
Bacterial food poisoning, lab diagnosis (2019-I, 2007-I, 2004-II)
Lab diagnosis, classify & pathogenesis of cholera (2021-I*, 2009-II*, 2008-II*, 2020-I*, 2018-II, 2018-I,
2017-II*, 2017-I, 2015-I)
Enlist the organisms causing acute watery diarrhea (2021-I*)
Difference – classical vibrio / EL tor vibrio (2009-II*, 2008-II*)
E.coli – produces diarrhoea, various mechanisms (2020-II, 2013-I, 2012-II)
Classical and EL tor vibrio cholera (2004-II, 2006-I, 2007-I, 2013-I, 2012-I)
Enumerate bacterial, pathogen causing cause of diarrhea (2008-II, 2017-II*, 2014-I*)
Biochemical difference – E.coli / klebsiellapneumoniae (2012-I*)
Etiological agents of diarrhea (2009-II*, 2008-II*)
Clostridia – morphological and biochemical classification (2014-II)
Transport, enrichment and plating media for lab diagnosis of vibrio-cholera (2008-II)
Botulism (2017-I) Clostridium difficile (2015-II, 2010-I*)
Infective diarrhoea - lab diagnosis (2014-I) Salmonella and shigella (2007-II)
Non typhoidal salmonella (2018-I) Helicobacter pylori (2009-II, 2008-I)
Endotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (2017-I) Bacillary dysentery – lab diagnosis (2006-II)
Halophilicvibrios (2016-II, 2007-I) Cholera red reaction (2011-I*)
Loffler’s syndrome (2018-I, 2012-II) Classification of vibrio (2010-II*)

Virus
Viral diarrhea / Name of the viruses causing diarrhea (2011-II) / (2004-II)
Outline the lab diagnosis of rotavirus (2004-II)

Fungi
Mycotoxicosis (2018-II, 2011-II)

Parasite
Lab diagnosis of amoebic dysentery (2013-II)
Enumerate intestinal protozoa and amoebiasis - lab diagnosis (2020-II*)
Soil amoebae (2012-I, 2006-II)
Classify nematodes according to habitat of adult worms (2021-I*, 2015-I*)
Ascarislumbricoides – life cycle, pathogenesis, morphology (2021-II, 2015-I*, 2014-II, 2013-II*)
Ancylostomaduodenale – life cycle, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2020-II*, 2019-I*, 2016-I, 2007-II*)
G. Intestinalis – morphology, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, life cycle (2004-II)
Difference – taeniasolium / taeniasaginata (2013-II, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Hook worm – life cycle, lab diagnosis, pathogenicity (2013-I, 2010-II)
Taenia solium – morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2009-II*)
Enterobiusvermicularis - lab diagnosis, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2017-I*, 2013-II, 2005-I*)
Giardiasis (2017-I) Amoebic and bacillary dysentery (2006-I)
Parasite causing diarrhoea (2007-I) Diphyllobothriumlatum (2015-II)
Opportunistic parasites in stool (2010-II) Protozoan parasites found in stool (2008-II)
Classify cestodes affecting man (2009-II*) Ectopic ascariasis (2009-I)
Strongyloidesstercoralis (2021-I*) Giardia lamblia (2007-II)
 Respiratory Tract
Bacteria
Non tuberculous mycobacterium (2020-II)
Biochemical difference – E.coli / klebsiellapneumoniae (2012-I*)
Toxigenicity tests for diphtheria bacilli (2007-II)
Lab diagnosis, drug resistance – pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (2009-II*, 2015-II)
Identification of tubercle bacilli & related mycobacteria (2009-I)
M. Tuberculosis – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2013-I,2021-II*, 2019-II, 2009-II*)
Streptococcus pneumoniae – morphology (2010-II)
Virulence factors and pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2021-I)
Classify & describe atypical mycobacterium (2021-II, 2016-II*)
Enlist organism producing upper respiratory tract infection (2009-I*)
Lab diagnosis&Clinical manifestation of faucial diphtheria (2009-I*)
Antimycobacterial drug sensitivity testing methods (2015-II, 2017-I)
Tubercle bacilli and non tuberculous mycobacteria (2007-II)
Lab diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (2021-I, 2017-II*)
Haemophilusinfluenzae – lab diagnosis (2016-II, 2013-I)
Enumerate causative agents of sore throat (2015-I)
Corynebacterium diphtheria and diphtheroids/ diphtheria toxin (2011-II*) / (2020-II)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa– morphology, lab diagnosis, resistance, pathogenesis (2007-II, 2005-I*)
Difference – streptococcus pneumonae / viridans (2011-II)
Difference – diphtheria bacilli / diphtheroids (2012-II)
Diphtheria biotypes – lab diagnosis (2015-I*, 2013-II, 2007-II, 2006-II, 2004-I*)
DPT vaccine (2016-I) Tuberculin test (2004-I)
Lab diagnosis of bordetella pertussis (2021-I) Classify mycobacteria (2009-II)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nontuberculous mycobacteria (2018-II)
Loefller’s serum slope (2019-I) Mycobacterium bovis (2013-I)
Allergic tests in tuberculosis (2005-I) Atypical mycobacteria (2012-I*)
Loffler’s syndrome (2018-I, 2012-II)

Virus
Antigenic shift & antigenic drift (2013-I*, 2016-I, 2013-II, 2011-I)
Antigenic shift & antigenic drift in influenza virus (2020-II, 2004-II, 2017-II)
Vaccine status of H1N1 novel swine flu virus (2010-II)
Epstein barr virus (2016-I, 2010-II, 2009-I, 2005-II, 2004-II)
Infectious mononucleosis (2008-I) Classify enteroviruses (2009-II*)
Enteroviruses of medical importance (2005-I) Enteroviruses and rhinoviruses (2007-I)
SARS (2004-I) Influenza A virus (2015-II)
Bird flu (2006-I) Lab diagnosis of H1N1 infection (2012-II)

Fungi
Pneumocystosis (2009-II)
Actinomycosis (2007-II)
Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) (2019-II, 2005-I)
Lab diagnosis of pneumocytic camii (carini) (2019-I)
Aspergillosis - lab diagnosis, morphology (2004-I, 2017-I, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2009-I*, 2005-II)

Parasite
Paragonimus westermani (2016-I)
 Hepatobilliary system
Bacteria ----
Virus
Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B (2018-I, 2014-I, 2013-II)
Hepatitis B virus – sero-diagnosis, markers, significance (2021-II*, 2020-II, 2019-I, 2018-I*)
Hepatitis B virus – lab diagnosis, infection, causes, classify (2019-II*, 2017-II*, 2017-I*, 2016-II,
2015-II*, 2014-II, 2007-II*, 2004-I, 2012-II*)

Fungi ----
Parasite
Extraintestinalamoebiasis – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2019-II, 2017-II)
Hydatid disease (cyst) – life cycle, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2020-II, 2021-I 2018-II*, 2013-I, 2012-I,
2009-II, 2007-I*)
Echinococcusgranulosus infection – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2017-II)
Larva migrans / Cutaneous larva migrans (2018-II, 2013-I, 2006-I) / (2011-II)
E.granulosus – life cycle, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2014-I, 2004-II*)
Casoni’s test (2012-II)

Urogenital Tract
Bacteria
Enumerate the etiological agents of sexually transmitted disease (2010-I*)
Enumerate the causative agents of urinary tract infection (2015-I*, 2009-I*, 2004-I*)
Urinary tract infection – lab diagnosis, manifestation (2004-I*)
Anti – treponemal antibody tests for syphilis (2007-II*)
Difference - N.gonorrhoeae and n. Meningitidis (2010-I)
Pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of gonorrhea (2004-II, 2010-I*, 2017-II, 2008-I, 2004-II)
Standard tests of syphilis, enumerate (2021-II, 2021-I, 2020-II, 2019-I, 2016-II*, 2012-II)
Lab diagnosis of syphilis (2006-I*, 2012-II, 2014-I*, 2009-II, 2006-I, 2005-I)
Morphology, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of chlamydial infection (2008-II*)
Enumerate sexually transmitted disease (2014-I*) Non gonococcal urethritis (2018-I, 2009-I, 2008-I*)
Antigenic structure of T.pallidum (2010-II) Q fever (2016-I, 2008-I)
Difference-N.gonorrheas /N. Meningitidis(2010-I*) VDRL test (2018-I, 2013-I, 2008-I)
Transfer factors (2005-I) Treponemahaem-agglutination test (2004-I)
Virus
Enumerate the sexually transmitted viruses (2009-I*)
Herpes simplex virus – pathogenesis, type 1&2 manifestation (2020-II*, 2014-I*, 2021-I)
Herpes simplex – 1 and herpes simplex – 2 (2007-II)
Fungi
Candidal vaginitis - lab diagnosis (2006-II, 2006-I*)

Parasite
Schistosomahaematobium – morphology &haemation (2016-II, 2005-II*)
Genital parasitic infection (2016-II)
Urinary schistosomiasis - life cycle & laboratory diagnosis (2021-I)
 Central nervous system
Bacteria
Lab diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis (2008-I*)
N.meningitidis – morphology, cultural, characteristics, lab diagnosis (2014-II*)
Enumerate the etiological agents of meningitis in reference with age of the patient pathogenicity and
lab diagnosis of N.meningitidis (2010-II*)
Bacterial meningitis (2009-II, 2021-II)
Lab diagnosis of meningitis (2019-II)
The etiological agents of pyrogenic meningitis and describe the lab diagnosis (2016-I*, 2013-II*)
difference - N.gonorrheas / N. Meningitidis (2010-I*)
Enumerate bacteria causing pyogenic meningitis (2006-II*)
Name the bacteria causing meningitis,lab diagnosis – cerebrospinal fever (2004-II*)

Virus
Rabies – prophylaxis (2010-II*, 2019-I,2004-I, 2005-II, 2019-II, 2015-II, 2013-II, 2008-II*, 2006-I*)
Polio vaccines (2020-II, 2017-II, 2015-I, 2009-II*)
Polio virus - lab diagnosis, pathogenesis ,prophylaxis (2021-I, 2015-II*, 2012-I, 2005-II)
Arboviruses – classify, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2016-II*, 2008-II, 2005-II)
Difference – neural vaccine / non – neural vaccine (2008-I)
Prion disease / enumerate human prion disease (2009-I)
Immunoprophylaxis of rabies – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, morphology (2018-II, 2014-II*)
Viruses causing encephalitis in India – enumerate (2016-I*)
Epidemiology, lab diagnosis – Japanese encephalitis (2016-I*)
Difference - oral polio vaccine / injectable polio vaccine (2021-II)
Slow virus disease (2007-II) Classify enteroviruses (2009-II*)
Anti rabies vaccine (2012-I) Oral polio vaccine (2019-II, 2013-I)
Non – neural vaccines for rabies (2016-II)

Fungi
Cryptococcus neoformans – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2016-II*)
Cryptococcal meningitis - lab diagnosis, pathogenesis (2021-II, 2021-I, 2019-I, 2008-II*)
Cryptococcus (2011-I)
Candida and Cryptococcus (2007-I) /
Cryptococcosis (2019-II, 2015-I, 2012-I*)

Parasite
Cysticercuscellulosae – clinical feature & diagnosis (2021-II, 2011-I, 2009-I, 2015-II)
Taenia solium – morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2009-II*)
Ascariasis – life cycle, lab diagnosis, pathogenesis (2019-II*)
Toxoplasma gondii – life cycle, pathogenicity (2013-I, 2009-II)
Neurocysticercosis (2017-I)
Cysticercuscellulosae / cysticercosis (2015-II, 2014-II)
Free living amoebae (2018-I, 2014-I, 2011-II) Enumerate extraintestinal nematodes (2008-II)
Cerebral malaria (2017-II) Lab diagnosis of primary amoebic encephalitis
Naegleria and acanthamoeba (2007-II) Toxoplasmosis (2014-II)
Cysticercosis (2019-II) Parasites causing infections (2018-II)
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (2012-II)