N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y.

2023-2024

● The most effective in terms of development and

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 2 (POPULATION
people empowerment are COPAR (Community
GROUPS AND COMMUNITY AS CLIENTS) (LEC)
Organizing Participatory Action Research) and
CBPR (Community Based Participatory
L1: COMMUNITY ORGANIZING TOWARDS Research) models.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN HEALTH
COPAR MODEL
is a social development methodology
(tool) used to facilitate the process of
forming self-reliant (matuto tumayo sa
sarili nila), self-determining
communities which are able to sustain
Community their development activities.
organizing
(CO) In this sense, community organizing is
complemented with community
development, which addresses the
priority health needs and livelihood and
other critical concerns to make a
community truly self-reliant and
sustaining.
CRITICAL ACTIVITIES IN COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
1. Community integration-immersion to where the
Community organizing as a process by which the people are. "Panliligaw"
community; 2. Social investigation.
1. Identifies the needs or objectives. a) Gather data.
2. Prioritize or rank these needs or objectives. b) Identify the classes and sectors.
3. Develops the confidence and will to work at these c) Identify potential leaders of the organizing
needs and objectives. process;
4. Finds the resources (internal/external) to deal with d) Determine the correct approach and
needs and problems. method of organizing
5. Take action concerning their needs. e) Provide a basis for planning.
6. Develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes f) Data to be gathered include the following;
and practices in the community. (Ross 1993) ● Geographic and demographic
data
GOALS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING ● Available resources
Empowerment ● Sources of income
1. People empowerment community organizing ● Tenurial arrangement (landowner)
aims to develop self-efficacy and self-confidence ● Environmental scanning
so that people will be able to overcome their ● Level of satisfaction of basic
powerlessness and develop their capacity to needs
maximize their control over the situation and ● Formal (elected or appointed
place their future in their hands. officials) and informal leaders
2. Improve quality of life. (appointed or self-designated).
● World view
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING 3. Tentative program planning
People interest 4. Groundwork
1. Motivated by social and health 5. Meeting
2. issues which affect the people's welfare. 6. Community mobilization or action
3. Based on community analysis. 7. Evaluation
4. Community participation. 8. Reflection

PROCESS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
● The process of community organizing is the core
ISSUE-BASED APPROACH
of all the activities of the community health
nurse. ● Is an organizing approach that
● Several approaches are used in community resolves around certain
organizing.
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N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113
community issues and problems
and mobilizes people to negotiate
from a position of strength in
number.
● An issue is a problem of public
concern on which people are
willing to act on to initiate
change. It holds the group
together until the goal is attained.
● The fundamental elements
Issue- ○ Should identify a problem
based that many feel strongly
approach about.
○ Should identify a problem
that many are willing to
act on.
○ Must be alert to identify
available external source
of help.
○ Must ensure that
identified issue is
winnable and gains
achievable; must be
result-oriented.
○ Must follow principle of
homogeneity.
○ Must have geographical
concentration.
Also known as socio-economic
approach, this is an organizing approach
Micro-
that focuses on social or economic
Project
issues which can be resolved through the
Approach
introduction of projects.
"Livelihood projects"
Faith- ● Is an organizing approach which
based is based on religious affiliation.
approach ● May focus on issues of morality
more than secular organizations,
such as rules of family life and
the spiritual basis of disease.
STAGES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
STAGE 1: ● Community analysis is the
Community process of assessing and
Analysis defining needs,
opportunities and resources
involved in initiating
community health action
program.
● Assess readiness for
change. Find out the
people's perceptions
regarding the importance,
timing and urgency of the
2
S.Y. 2023-2024
problem. " Napapanahon
na ba para sa mga
pagbabagong ito?"
STAGE 2: 1. Establish a core planning
Design And group and assign a local
Initiation Of organizer who has good
Interventions management, transactional
and communication skills.
2. Choose an organizational
structure that will activate
and encourage community
participation and
involvement.
3. Identify, select and recruit
organizational members
representing the different
sectors in the community.
STAGE 3: It is the process of executing or
Implementation carrying out the design
plans and putting these into action.
1. Generate broad citizen
participation;
2. Develop a sequential work
plan which will be subject
to constant monitoring; and
3. Use comprehensive and
integrated strategies.
STAGE 4: It is the process of upholding,
Program continuing, merging or integrating
Maintenance- successful programs or those that
consolidation have gained acceptance in the
community.
1.Integrate intervention activities
into community networks
association
or groups.
2.Establish a positive organizational
culture through group processes
based on trust, respect and
openness.
3.Establish on-going recruitment
plan and training of new members.
4.Disseminate results of activities to
gain/maintain community.
STAGE 5: 1.) Update the community
Dissemination- analysis by finding out if
reassessment there is a change in
leadership, degree of
participation and
involvement and
community resources both
external and internal.
2.) Assess effectiveness of
intervention programs using
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

qualitative and quantitative Delegate Power a citizen vote is provided for if

methods of evaluation. differences of opinion cannot be
resolved through negotiations.

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Citizen Power rung of participation where "people

power" is greatest guarantees that
Empowerment is a process by which individuals, citizens can take charge of a
communities and organizations gain program, its policy and
mastery over their lives. management and negotiate the
conditions where" outsiders" may
This is a very important or central change them.
tenet of community organizing as it
builds upon the Latin word 'passé"
FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
from which the words 'power' and
The degree of user participation could be affected by a
'freedom' are derived.
number of barriers like (brandon, 2001):
Community ● The World Health 1. Discriminatory attitudes,
Participation Organization (1995) affirms 2. Access barriers,
that this is a fundamental 3. Issues around resources, and
requirement to achieve 4. Representatives
health and sustainable
development. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY
● At the local level, it should ACTION RESEARCH
enable citizenship to
become an integral part of PRE- This phase is also known as project
the decision making and ENTRY site selection. It involves the conduct
action process and reflects PHASE of preliminary social
the need for the analysis/investigation of the
development of more active community to be able to plan the
communities in their rights". most effective way of entering the
community.
LEVELS OF PARTICIPATION ● Formulate plan for
institutionalizing COPAR
Non- a) Manipulation - citizens are
● Formulate criteria and
Participation assigned to "rubber stamp
guidelines for site selection
committees" by the
● Conduct preliminary social
power-holders.
investigation
b) Therapy- diverts the
● Do ocular survey of
attention of the people from
short-listed communities
the real problems by making
● Choose sites/community for
them engage in group
the immersion program
therapy activities like
beautification and ENTRY Also known as the integration phase,
cleanliness drives. PHASE the entry phase involves the social
preparation of the community and
Degrees of a) Informing
signals the actual entry into the
"tokenism" or b) Consultation - surveys,
neighborhood meeting community.
token
c) Placation - described as 1. Arrival in the community
participation
"meetingitis" and 2. Integrate with community
"projectitis" no mechanism residents through immersion
for ensuring continued 3. Immersion phase-is the
participation during the
community health nursing
implementation phase.
practicum of health care
d) Partnership - joint planning
boards to resolve the student, an integral part of
problem the community health nursing
through the community
DEGREES OF CITIZEN POWER immersion program

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N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113
4. Conduct deepening social
investigation
5. Disseminate information to
community residents
regarding COPAR
FORMATION 1. From the core group
PHASE 2. Define the roles/functions of
the core groups
3. Conduct team-building,
self-awareness and
leadership training among
leaders
4. Informal education of core
group members
5. Train community researches
6. Consult community to
organize community health
organization
PHASE OUT 1. Health care workers leave the
community to STAND ALONE;
should be stated as early as
the entry phase
2. The real evaluation will be
done by the resident
themselves
3. Leaving the immersion site
4. Documentation
SUMMARY
● Community organizing lays down
cornerstone for the development of self-reliant
and empowered community whose members are
committed to sustain the progress made through
collective effort.
● The key characteristics of CD is that it starts
from the experience or perspectives of people in
the community.
● A key concept that needs further investigation
and study is the role that high social capital plays
in CD
● What moves a group or residents in the
community to develop that feeling of oneness and
commonality so that on their own, they develop
that "big brother" phenomenon where each one
looks out for the welfare of one another.
L2: COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
Community ● is a statement of the health and
diagnosis health related problems of the
community or which have a high
risk of developing, and the
possible causes or causative
4
S.Y. 2023-2024
organisms and the contributory
factors.
● It is the end result of data
collection and analysis. In short, it
is nursing diagnosis with the
community as its clients
Goal of the Community Diagnosis
● Analyze the health status of the community.
● Evaluate the health resources, services, and
systems of care within the community.
● Assess attitudes toward community health
services and issues.
● Identify priorities, establish goals, and determine
courses of action to improve the health status of
the community.
● Establish an epidemiological baseline for
measuring improvement over time.
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS USES HEALTH INDICATORS
Characteristics of an Indicators:
● It should be valid.
● Should be reliable and objective.
● Should be sensitive.
● Should be specific.
● Should be feasible.
● Should be relevant
Steps in Conducting Community Diagnosis
I.Determine This is the precise statement of the
the
the community's problem. The nurse
Objectives. decides on the depth and scope of the
data he needs to gather basic and
most important is to achieve his goal
on health promotion and disease
prevention.
II. Defining Based on the objectives of the
the Study community assessment, the nurse
Population identifies the population group to be
included in the study
III. There are a variety of strategies a nurse
Determine can use to obtain data about the
Data to be community's strengths and needs.
Collected. Basically, the objective set in the first
step, will guide the nurse in identifying
the specific data to be collected and
the sources of these data.
IV. A systematic approach to data
Collecting collection is needed in order to obtain
the Data. a comprehensive profile of a
community's level of functioning or
competence.
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

Windshield A common method of community prepared tally sheet showing all

survey assessment. This is simply the ocular possible responses
survey. The observer walks through a
chosen neighborhood and uses the
five senses and powers of
observations to conduct a general
assessment of that area.

Informative interviews can be conducted through

interview house to house visits and through
approach to key informants.

Participant The nurse observes formal and

observations informal community activities to
determine significant events and
occurrences leading to conclusions VIII.Identifying the Community Health Nursing
about what is happening in that Problems.
community.
(A) health such as high morbidity and mortality
Examination No community is ever complete. It is status rate associated with particular disease;
of secondary not possible for any person or agency problems
data to accomplish a total community
assessment independent of others. (B) health such as lack of medicines, vaccines,
Sources of secondary data may be resources manpower, and facilities to solve health
obtained by reviewing those that have problems problems; and
been compiled by health or non-health
agencies from the government. (C) health such as the existence of social,
related economic, environmental and political
V.. A community survey is a systematic problems factors that aggravate the
Developing study designed to collect data about a illness-inducing situations in the
the community's health problems and community.
Instruments. strengths.
IX. Priority Setting
VI.. Actual Is the process of obtaining existing,
Data readily available data. It usually Nature of the health concern/health status usually
Gathering. describes the demographic Problem have greater weight
characteristics such as age, gender,
socio-economic status. It includes vital
Magnitude of ratio of the population affected by the
statistics (morbidity and mortality rate)
the Problem problem
such as selected morbidity and
mortality rate.
Modifiability probability of controlling the effects
of the
VII.. Data Is the first step in the processing of
Problem
Collation data, the data from the questionnaire
are organized and the number of times
Social what is the perception of the
each answer is given is counted. There
Concern community as they are affected by the
are two types of data that may be
problem
generated. These are either numerical
data which can be counted or
descriptive data which can be GUIDELINES IN THE FORMAT OF MAKING A
described. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

After categorizing the responses, the PRELIMINARIES:

nurse will now summarize the data. ● Title Page:
There are two ways to summarize data. ● Acknowledgements:
One can do it manually by tallying the ● Organizational Chart of the Barangay Surveyed:
data or by using the computer. Tallying (include barangay health worker, rural health
involves entering the responses into midwife/nurse)

5
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
● Introduction (narrative form, how do you define
community diagnosis)
● Rationale (why did you made this diagnosis)
● Statement of Objectives
● General Objective
● Specific Objectives
● Methodology/Tools Used
○ A description of the adoption,
construction and administration of
instruments. Instruments include tests,
questionnaires, interview guides and/or
schedules.
● Limitations of the Study
○ State any limitations that exist in the
reference population. (Ilan yung naidentify
na pwede maging respondent, numerical)

SETTING OF THE COMMUNITY Description of the

following: (narrative form)
1. Location
2. Boundaries
3. Total Population
4. Total Land Area
5. Physical Feature
6. Climate
7. Medium of communication
8. Means of Transportation
9. Resources available in the community
10. History

Construct a spot map with the following directions

Use color legends to indicate households surveyed and

indicate the community landmarks and resources.

PRESENTATION OF TABLES

6
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

7
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

L3: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Environmental Environmental health is the

Health component of the man's well-being
that is determined by interactions
with the physical, chemical,
biological, social, and psychosocial
factors external to him.

In the Philippines, maintenance of

environmental health records is one
of the responsibilities given to the
city, municipal, and provincial health
nurses.

Eight 1. Households with access to

environmental improved or safe water-
health stratified to Levels I, ll, and III
indicators in 2. Households with sanitary
the Field Health toilets
Service 3. Households with satisfactory
Information disposal of solid waste
System 4. Households with complete
(FHSIS): basic sanitation facilities
5. Food establishments
6. Food establishments with
sanitary permit
7. Food handlers
8. Food handlers with health
certificates

8
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024
● Collection and Transportation
● Waste Recycling
● Waste Treatment and Processing
● Residual Waste Disposal

Waste Segregation

Black or non-hazardous, non-biodegradable

colorless wastes

Green non-hazardous biodegradable

wastes

Yellow with pathological/anatomical wastes

Functions of Land biohazard (removed breast mastectomy)
● Platform for human activities symbol
● Agricultural production
● Habitat of the members of the Yellow with pharmaceutical, cytotoxic, or
● food chain where the processes of black band chemical wastes (labeled
"bio-accumulation" and "bio-magnification" take separately).
place
Yellow bag that can be autoclaved- infectious
● Filter for surface water
wastes.

Solid Wastes Orange with radioactive symbol-radioactive

● Municipal Wastes wastes.
● Healthcare Wastes
○ Infectious
Prohibited Acts on Solid Waste Management
○ Pathological
● Open burning of solid wastes
○ Pharmaceutical
● Open dumping
○ Chemical
● Burying in flood-prone areas
○ Sharps
● Squatting in landfills (illegal settlers)
○ Radioactive
● Operation of landfills on any aquifer, groundwater
● Industrial Wastes
reservoir or watershed
● Hazardous Wastes
● Construction of any establishment within 200
meters from a dump or landfill
Solid Waste Management

Water Sanitation
● The lead agency on the determination of
standards for quality of drinking water is the
Department of Health (DOH).

The general requirements of safe drinking water include:

1. Microbial quality - negative for any bacteria
2. Chemical and physical quality - negative
cloudiness, turbidity
● "The discipline associated with the control of
3. Radiological quality
generation, storage, collection, transfer and
transport, processing, and disposal of solid
wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best Levels of Access to Safe Water
principles of public health, economics,
engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other Level I Point Source
environmental considerations, and that is also
Level II Communal Faucet System or Standpost
responsive to public attitudes". -R.A. 9003
● Deepwell
● Community has access
Solid Waste Stream
● Waste Generation Level III Waterworks System
● Waste Reduction: Re-Use ● Maynilad
● Waste Segregation

9
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024
● Jewelry cleaners (high in cyanide)
● Filters water
● Pesticides
● Button batteries
Prohibitions of the Code of Sanitation on Water Supply ● Watusi firecracker
● Washing and bathing within a radius of 25 meters
from any well or other source of drinking water
Food "The assurance that food will not cause
● Construction of artesians, deep, or shallow well
Safety harm to the consumer when it is prepared
within 25 meters from any source of pollution
and eaten according to its intended use."
(including septic tanks and sewerage systems)
-NEHAP, 2010
● Drilling a well within 50-meter distance from a
cemetery
Rules on ● The food establishment must have
● Construction of dwellings within the catchment
Food a sanitary permit from the city or
area of a protected spring water source
Safety municipality that has jurisdiction
over the business.
Particulate Matter Report Results Interpretation ● No person shall be employed in any
food establishment without a health
"Unhealthy People with respiratory disease, such certificate properly issued by the
for sensitive as asthma, should limit outdoor city/municipal health officer.
groups" exertion. ● No person shall be allowed to work
on food handling while he/she is
"Very Pedestrians should avoid heavy traffic
afflicted with a communicable
unhealthy" areas. People with heart or respiratory
disease, including boils, infected
disease, such as asthma, should stay
wounds, respiratory infections,
indoors and rest as much as possible.
diarrhea, and gastrointestinal upset.
Unnecessary trips should be
postponed.
After proper washing, the utensils are then
People should voluntarily restrict the
subjected to one of the following
use of vehicles.
bactericidal treatments:
● Immersion for at least half a minute
"Acutely People should limit outdoor exertion.
in clean hot water (77°C)
unhealthy" People with heart or respiratory
● Immersion for at least one minute in
disease, such as asthma, should stay
lukewarm water containing 55-100
indoors and rest as much as possible.
ppm of chlorine solution
Unnecessary trips should be
● Exposure to steam for at least 15
postponed. Motor vehicle use may be
minutes to 77°C, or for 5 minutes to
restricted. Industrial activities may be
at least 200°C
curtailed (bawasan).

"Emergency" Everyone should remain indoors,

(keeping windows and doors closed Sanitation "The hygienic and proper management,
unless heat stress is possible). Motor collection, disposal or reuse of human
vehicle use should be prohibited excreta (feces and urine) and community
except for emergency situations. liquid wastes to safeguard the health of
Industrial activities, except that which individuals and communities."
is vital for public safety and health, -Philippine Sanitation Sourcebook, 2005
should be curtailed.
6 F's of Fecal-Oral Microbial Transmission
Toxic and Hazardous Waste Control 1. Feces
● Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical 2. Fingers
substances (PICCS) 3. Fluids
● National Poison Management and Control Center 4. Flies
(NPMCC) 5. Fields/ Floors
● The Department of Environment and Natural 6. Food
Resources (DENR) accounts the ratio of
hazardous waste treatment plants and hazardous Vermin Abatement Methods
waste generating facilities. 1. Environmental Sanitation
2. Naturalistic Control
Leading Causes of Poisoning in the Philippines 3. Biological and Genetic Control
4. Mechanical and Physical Control
10
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113
5. Integrated Control
Minimum Window Sizes
Rooms intended for any use, not provided with artificial
ventilation system, shall be provided with a window or
windows with a total free area of openings equal to at
least 10% of the floor area of the room, provided that
such opening shall be not less than 1.00 sq. meter.
Toilet and bath rooms, laundry rooms and similar rooms
shall be provided with window or windows with an area
not less than 1/20 of the floor area of such rooms,
provided that such opening shall not be less than 240 sq.
millimeters.
S.Y. 2023-2024
should be postponed. Motor vehicle we
may be restricted, industrial activities
may be curtailed
Emergency Everyone should remain Indoors,
keeping windows and doors closed
unless heat ass is pable). Motor vehicle
use should be prohibited except for
emergency sons, dual actives, except
that which in tal for public safety and
babe, should be curtailed .
L4: CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

AIR PURITY
Communicable are illnesses caused by an
Two Major Sources of Air Pollution:
Diseases infectious agent or its toxic
Mobile Any air pollution produced by estor products transmitted directly or
source cars, aircraft, trains, and other items indirectly to a person, animal, or
that may be moved from one place to intermediary host or inanimate
another is referred to as mobile source environment.
air pollution
CONTAGIOUS from the word “contagion” a
Stationary A number of air pollutants are released derivative of contact, means
source by stationary sources of air pollution, transmitted by direct physical
such as factories, refineries, bollers, contact.
and in power plants
INFECTIOUS is transmitted indirectly through
contaminated food, body fluids,
Common Components of Air Quality Reports objects, airborne inhalation, or
(determines the air quality) through vector organisms that
● 24-Hour Average Total Suspended Particulates would require a break of inoculation
(TSP) in the skin or mucous membranes
● 24-Hour PM, 10 of individuals
● 8-Hour Carbon Monoxide
● 24-Hour Sulfur Dioxide
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE MODEL
● 8-Hour Ozone
● 1-Hour Nitrogen Dioxide

Particulate Matter Report Results Interpretation

Unhealthy people with respiratory disease, such

for sensitive as asthma, should limit outdoor
groups exertion.

Very Pedestrians should avoid heavy traffic

unhealthy areas. People with heart or respiratory
disease, such as asthma, should stay
Agent an organism involved in the
indoors and rest as much as possible.
development of disease. In relation
Unnecessary trips should be
to infectious diseases, an agent
postponed. People should voluntarily
must be present for an infection to
restrict the use of vehicles
occur.
Acutely should limit outdoor exertion, People
Host any organism that harbors and
unhealthy with heart or respiratory disease such
provides nutrition for the agent.
People as asthma should stay indoors and rest
Most often, humans are the host of
as much as palie. Unnecessary trips
an infectious organism. However,

11
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113
other organisms like animals can be ELIMINATION
considered as host as they relate to
human health.
Environment refers to the condition in which the
agent may exist, survive, or
originate. It comprises physical,
biological, and socioeconomic
components.
FUNCTIONS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE IN THE
TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
Physical includes temperature, weather, soil,
environment water, and food sources.
Biological includes animals, insects, flora, or
environment other human beings that act as
reservoirs or fosters the survival of
organisms.
Socioeconomic includes the behavior, personality,
environment attitudes, cultural characteristics of
people, occupation. and
urbanization.
CHAIN OF In the prevention and control of
INFECTION communicable diseases, it is important
that the public health nurse
understands the chain of infection. It is
a logical sequence of factors that are
essential for the development of
communicable disease. Thus,
removing any one of the elements
prevents the onset of communicable
disease.
CONTROL, ERADICATION, AND ELIMINATION OF
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
CONTROL refers to activities that reduce
morbidity and mortality of disease
at an acceptable level within a
locality
ERADICATION hand refers to permanent reduction
to zero of the worldwide prevalence transmission:
of a disease caused by a specific
agent
12
S.Y. 2023-2024
reduction to zero prevalence of a
disease in a single country,
continent, or other limited
geographical area. Elimination may
also be defined as control of the
manifestations of a disease so that it
is no longer a public health problem
CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
● Report to local health authorities any known case
of notifiable disease as required by the law (RA
11332)
● Refer any known case of notifiable disease to the
nearest health facility.
● Initiate health education drive directed towards
prevention of outbreaks in communities.
● Assist in the diagnosis of potential cases of
communicable disease based on signs and
symptoms.
● Conduct epidemiological investigations with the
public health team during an outbreak.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Tuberculosis (TB)
2. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19)
3. Dengue
4. Malaria
5. Typhoid Fever
6. Cholera
7. Measles
8. Mumps
9. Rubella
10. Chicken Pox
11. Ascariasis
12. Enterobiasis
13. Ancylostomiasis
14. Rabies
15. Leptospirosis
16. Scabies
17. Anthrax
18. Dysentery
19. Sexually Transmitted Infections
20. Emerging Infectious Diseases
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
TUBERCULOSIS
Causative Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Agent:
Mode of Airborne droplet through coughing,
sneezing, and spitting. Thus, close
contacts especially household
members could be infected with TB.
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

Incubation 4 to 6 weeks. least 1 meter or 3 feet away), and

period: wearing of face mask (optional)

Signs and Fever: low grade late afternoon, loss

symptoms: of appetite, easy fatigability, night VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
sweats, dry cough, later productive
with hemoptysis, chest pain. DENGUE

Laboratory/ ● Direct Sputum Smear Causative Dengue virus (DEN), a single

Agent: stranded RNA virus of four types
Diagnostic Microscopy (DSSM)
genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae
Examination: ● Xpert MTB/ RIF
● TB Skin Test Mode of Bite of mosquito
● Chest X Ray transmission:

Treatment: Antibiotics (HRZES) Incubation 3 to 14 days, commonly 5 to 7 days

RIPE period:
● Rifampicin Signs and Fever, Nausea, Vomiting, Rash,
● Isoniazid symptoms: Aches and pains, Tourniquet test,
● Pyrazinamide Leukopenia (drop in platelet count)
● Ethambutol
Laboratory/ ● Tourniquet test or
Management: TB is Curable; National TB Control Diagnostic Rumpel-Leads test
Program Examination: ● Capillary Refill Test or Nail
Blanch Test
● Platelet Count and
Prevention ● BCG Vaccination
Hematocrit Count
and Control: ● Health Education
● Hemagglutination-inhibition
Environment (HI) test
● Sanitation ● Dengue NS1 Kit

Treatment: Management for Dengue is

COVID 19 symptomatic and supportive.
Paracetamol (4 to 6 Hours), ORS,
Causative Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome bed rest, hospitalization
Agent: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Prevention and Four S strategy
Control: 1. Search and Destroy
Mode of Droplet when a person speaks,
Mosquito breeding place
transmission: coughs, sneezes, and when you are in 2. Seek Early Consultation and
close contact (less than 1 meter away) Immediate Treatment
with a symptomatic patient or by 3. Self Protection Measures
contact with contaminated objects. 4. Say Yes to Fogging During
Outbreaks
Incubation 5-6 days (average) up-to 14
MALARIA
period:
Causative Plasmodium falciparum
Signs and Mainly fever, sore throat, tiredness,
Agent:
symptoms: nasal congestion, dry cough and at
times diarrhea. Severe cases exhibit Mode of Bite of mosquito
acute shortness of breathing transmission:

Laboratory/ Reverse Transcription Polymerase Incubation 7 days or longer

Diagnostic Chain Reaction (RT- PCR) period:
Examination:
Signs and Recurrent fever preceded by chills
Treatment: No specific treatment yet (under symptoms: and profuse sweating, malaise,
investigation as of this writing) anemia

Prevention Hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, Laboratory/ ● History of having been in a

and Control: avoid touching face and mouth, Diagnostic malaria- endemic area:
Examination: Palawan and Mindoro.
observe social/ physical distancing (at
● Blood smear Treatment

13
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

Treatment: ● Chloroquine phosphate 250 infection, immunization with Typhoid

mg-all species except P. vaccine 0.5 ml per IM single dose at
malariae any age from 2 years old up.
● Sulfadoxine 50 mg-For
resistant P. falciparum DYSENTERY
● Primaquine - For relapse P.
(bata ang affected)
vivax and P. ovale
● Pyrimethamine 25 mg/tab
Causative Shigella dysenteriae
● Quinine sulfate 300 mg/tab
● Tetracycline HCl 250 mg/cap Agent:
● Quinidine sulfate 200
mg/durules Mode of ingestion contaminated food or
transmission: water

Prevention and Four S Strategy Incubation 3 to 4 days

Control: 1. Search and Destroy period:
Mosquito breeding place
2. Seek Early Consultation and Signs and High grade fever, colicky abdominal
Immediate Treatment symptoms: pain with tenderness, diarrhea with
3. Self Protection Measures
straining, bloody mucoid stool
4. Say Yes to Fogging During
Outbreaks
Laboratory/ Stool Examination
● Mosquito control Diagnostic
● Chemical methods - use of Examination:
insecticides
● Biological methods - stream Treatment: Chloramphenicol
seeding
● Zooprophylaxis - Prevention and Safe water supply, Handwashing
larvae-eating fish, farm Control:
animals should be kept near
the house CHOLERA
● Environment Methods (bata and affected)
● Protective Screen on
Windows Causative Vibrio cholerae (El Tor)
● Educational Methods
Agent:
● Screening of Blood Donors
Mode of ingestion contaminated food or
transmission: water
WATER BORNE DISEASES

Incubation 1 to 3 days
TYPHOID FEVER
period:
Causative Salmonella typhosa
Signs and rapid explosive watery stool and
Agent:
symptoms: vomiting
Mode of ingestion of contaminated food or
transmission: Laboratory/ Stool paramyxovirus
water with feces or urine of infected
Diagnostic
individuals
Examination:
Incubation 7 to 14 days
period: Treatment: Increase fluid intake, administer oral
rehydrating solutions
Signs and headache, fever, anorexia, lethargy,
symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain Prevention and Boiling and chlorination of water,
Control: sanitary disposal of human waste,
Laboratory/ Typhidot test administer vaccine per orem with a
Diagnostic dosage of 1.5 ml at a minimum age
Examination:
of 12 months for 2 doses with 2
Treatment: Chloramphenicol weeks interval

Prevention and Sanitary disposal of feces, practice

Kabisaduhin ung
Control: hand washing, avoid feces, fomites,
● Causative
flies, food, fluids (5 Fs) that carry the
● Mode of transmission
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N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024
● Incubation
Treatment: apply warm and cold compress for
● Signs and symptoms
pain on affected area, strict isolation,
use of mask when handling patient,
MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, AND CHICKEN POX terminal disinfection, provide oral
care, and provide soft to semi-solid
MEASLES food

Causative Morbili virus that belongs to the Prevention and Mumps vaccine (MMR vaccine)
Agent: family paramyxoviridae Control: given at 9 and 12 months

Mode of Airborne RUBELLA/GERMAN MEASLES

transmission:
Causative Rubella virus family togaviridae
Incubation 8 to 20 days, average of 10 days
Agent:
period:

Signs and acute onset of fever, rhinitis,
symptoms: conjunctivitis, bronchitis, excessive transmission:
lacrimation, Koplik's spots (clustered
white lesions) on the buccal mucosa,
stomatitis, maculo papular rashes
that begin on the face and become
generalized; can progress into
severe complications, including
pneumonia, encephalitis and death.
Laboratory/ tissue culture of naso-pharyngeal
Diagnostic secretions and serological testing
Examination:
Treatment: supportive care, antibiotic if with
complications like pneumonia
Laboratory/
Prevention and administer measles vaccine (MMR
Control: vaccine) at the age of 9 and 12 Examination:
months
MUMPS
Causative Mumps virus from paramyxovirus
Agent:
Mode of droplet and direct contact with
nasopharyngeal secretions of
infected person Incubation
Incubation 10 to 21 days
period:
Signs and fever, headache, malaise,
symptoms: maculopapular rash, enlarged post
auricular occipital and posterior
cervical lymphadenopathy, sore
throat, rhinitis, conjunctivitis,
bronchitis, forchheimer's spot
affected (small red spots) on the soft
palate
serological testing
Diagnostic
Treatment: supportive care but for exposed
pregnant woman in 1" trimester or
2nd trimester, serum immune
globulin is administered to protect
the fetus.

Mode of airborne or droplets, or direct

Prevention and Rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine) at
transmission: contact with saliva of infected
Control: the age of 9 and 12 months
person
CHICKEN POX
Incubation 16 to 18 days, range of 14 to 25
period: days Causative Rubella virus family togaviridae
Agent:
Signs and acute onset of fever, painful swelling
symptoms: of the salivary or parotid glands, Mode of droplet and direct contact with
headache; complications range from transmission: nasopharyngeal secretions of
meningo- encephalitis to permanent infected person Incubation
hearing impairment and orchitis in
post pubescent males, but rarely Incubation 10 to 21 days
sterility period:

Laboratory/ isolation of virus from oral and throat Signs and fever, headache, malaise,
Diagnostic spray, urine and cerebrospinal fluid symptoms: maculopapular rash, enlarged post
Examination: auricular occipital and posterior
cervical lymphadenopathy, sore

15
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

throat, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, PARASITIC INFECTIONS

bronchitis, forchheimer's spot
affected (small red spots) on the soft ASCARIASIS
palate
Causative Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm)
Laboratory/ serological testing Agent:
Diagnostic
Mode of Fecal-oral
Examination:
transmission:
Treatment: supportive care but for exposed
Incubation 8 weeks
pregnant woman in 1" trimester or
period:
2nd trimester, serum immune
globulin is administered to protect Signs and abdominal pain and passing out of
the fetus. symptoms: worms

Prevention and Rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine) at Laboratory/ Stool Examination

Control: the age of 9 and 12 months Diagnostic
Examination:

POLIO Treatment: Mebendazole or Albendazole

POLIOMYELITIS Prevention and Proper disposal of feces, avoid

Control: using feces as fertilizer,
Causative Legio debilitans or polio virus
handwashing, ang proper washing
Agent:
of vegetables before consumption.
Mode of Fecal-oral, droplet
ENTEROBIASIS
transmission:
Causative Enterobius Vermicularis or the
Incubation 7 to 21days
Agent: human pinworm or seatworm
period:
Mode of Ingestion of contaminated food
Signs and Types:
transmission:
symptoms: 1.) Abortive - fever, low lumbar
backache/cervical stiffness Incubation 4to6hours
on sore throat period:
2.) Non-Paralytic - recurrence
of fever, poker spine, Signs and perianal itching, disturbed sleep
tightness and spasm of symptoms: and nervousness, irritability
hamstring
hypersensitiveness of the Laboratory/ scotch tape swab test in the
skin, deep reflexes are Diagnostic perianal region
exaggerated Examination:
3.) Paralytic - paralysis based
Treatment: Mebendazole single dose repeated
on body part
and 2nd week for effectivity
Laboratory/ Blood and throat culture, stool
Prevention and personal hygiene, handwashing,
Diagnostic examination, lumbar tap
Control: keeping fingernails short
Examination:

ANCYLOSTOMIASIS
Treatment: Symptomatic and supportive

Causative Ancylostoma duodenale

Prevention and Proper disposal of fecal waste,
Agent:
Control: hand washing, proper preparation
of food, and immunization of oral
Mode of Contact
polio vaccine given for 3 doses
transmission:
starting at the age of 6 weeks with
a dosage of 2 drops Incubation 4 to 6 weeks
period:

16
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

Signs and dermatitis, abdominal pain, anemia, drooling, hyrophobia

symptoms: mentally and physically c.) Paralytic - flaccid
underdeveloped ascending symmetric
paralysis, coma, death
Laboratory/ Stool Examination
Diagnostic Laboratory/ Post-mortem direct fluorescent
Examination: Diagnostic antibody staining test
Examination
Treatment: Mebendazole
Nursing 1. Isolate Patient
Prevention and Avoid walking barefooted, and Management 2. Encourage family to provide
Control: practice personal hygiene care and company
3. Darken room and observe
ZOONOSES
silence
Causative WHO (2019) defines zoonoses as 4. Give food if patient is
agent: diseases and infections that are hungry
naturally transmitted between 5. Keep water out of sight
vertebrate animals and humans. A 6. Observe universal
zoonotic agent may be a bacterium, precaution, which are
a virus, a fungue or other essentially wearing gloves
communicable disease agent. 7. Wash Hands Frequently
8. Remove Oral and Nasal
RABIES Secretions
9. Dispose contaminated
Causative Rhabdovirus materials
Agent: 10. Perform terminal
disinfection
Mode of bite of a rabid animal
transmission: LEPTOSPIROSIS

Source: saliva of infected animal or human Causative Leptospira interrogans

Agent:
Incubation 20 to 90 days for humans, 1 week
period: to 7.5 months for dogs Mode of Inoculation into - broken skin,
transmission: mucous membrane or ingestion of
Signs and 1.) Dogs - at first withdrawn, contaminated food and water with
Symptoms change in mood, shows urine of animals
and apprehension,
nervousness and Incubation 7to13days
apprehension, unusual period:
salivation, paralysis starts
on hind legs spreads Signs and 1.) Sepsis Stage - High fever,
towards entire body, death symptoms: 4 to 7 days, calf pain,
2.) Humans abdominal pain
● Incubation Period - Flu like 2.) Immune/ Toxic Stage
symptoms a.) Anicteric Stage -
● Prodormal Stage - disorientation
headache, pain, and b.) Icteric Stage - jaundice
numbness sensation at the c.) Convalescence -
site of bite, depression, symptoms will disappear
penile erection or but relapse may occur
spontaneous ejaculation for 4-5 weeks
males
● Acute Neurological Phase Laboratory/ 1. Blood/ Urine Culture Done in 1st
a.) Spastic - anxiety, Diagnostic week 2. Leptospira Agglutination
confusion, insomnia Examination: test (LAT)
b.) Dementia - intense done on the 2nd and 3rd week
excitement, difficulty in
breathing, swallowing,

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N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

Treatment: Penicillin or Tetracycline, Laboratory/ Gram staining (+)

Doxycycline Diagnostic
Examination:
Prevention and Eradication of rodents, avoid
Control: wading in flood water Treatment: Formaldehyde, fluoroquinolones,
ciprofloxacin
SCABIES
Prevention and BioThrax, although it is commonly
Causative Itch Mite, Sarcoptes scabiei Control: called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed
Agent: (AVA).

Mode of prolong skin to skin contact with

transmission: infected humans or indirect contact SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI)
with infected humans or indirect
contact with infested linens or GONORRHEA
clothing
Causative Agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Incubation 4 to 8 weeks
period: Mode of Sexual contact
transmission:
Signs and itchy papulo-vesicular eruptions on
symptoms: warm folds and areas of friction of Incubation period: 2to7days
the body
Signs and Thick purulent urethral discharge,
Laboratory/ scraping the skin off burrow, ink symptoms: frequency of urination among
Diagnostic test, mineral oil or fluorescence females, burning urination among
Examination: tetracycline test males/females

Treatment: permethrin cream or scabicide Laboratory/ Culture of specimen in

lotion applied to all areas of the Diagnostic cervix-female, Gram stain-male
body from the neck down to the Examination:
feet and toes
Treatment: Ceftriaxone
Prevention and Laundry and iron soiled clothes,
Prevention and for adults avoid contact with
Control: practice personal hygiene, terminal
Control: secretions, practice
disinfection
monogamous sexual contact, for
ANTHRAX newborn babies of infected
women who gave birth via
Causative Bacillus anthracis vaginal delivery apply Crede's
Agent: prophylaxis through
administration of tetracycline eye
Mode of Transmission and Signs and Symptoms: ointment

Cutaneous (skin) handling sick animals or SYPHILIS

anthrax contaminated animal wool, hair,
hides, or bone meal products. Causative Agent: Treponema pallidum

Mode of Sexual contact

Inhalational breathing anthrax spores into the transmission:
anthrax lungs/woolsorter's disease.
Incubation period: 10 to 90 days
Gastrointestinal meat products that contain anthrax.
anthrax Gastrointestinal anthrax is difficult Signs and 1. Primary - chancre that
to diagnose. It can produce sores in symptoms: appears within 3 weeks
the mouth and throat. A person who at area of contact 2.
has eaten contaminated products 2. Secondary -
may feel throat pain or have condylomata, sore
difficulty swallowing. throat, mucous patches
of the mouth,
macupapular rash

18
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

3. Tertiary - gumma Laboratory/ serological test, isolation of virus

formation, cardiovascular Diagnostic from lesions or tissues, biopsy
and nervous system Examination: specimens
involvement
Treatment: antiviral agents
Laboratory/ Dark Field illumination test,
Diagnostic venereal disease research Prevention and safe sexual practices, cesarean
Examination: laboratory (VDRL) test, Control: delivery if lesions are present
Fluorescent treponemal antibody during late pregnancy
test
GENITAL WARTS
Treatment: Penicillin, tetracycline,
Causative Agent: Human Papilloma Virus with 100
erythromycin
types
Prevention and Practice monogamy, Sex
Mode of direct contact with infected skin
Control: education
transmission: and mucous membranes,
CHLAMYDIA childbirth

Causative Agent: Chlamydia trachomatis Incubation period: 2 to 3 months, range 1 to 20

months period of
Mode of Sexual contact, or contact with communicability
transmission: exudates from mucous
membranes, childbirth Signs and as long as lesions persist
symptoms: circumscribed lesions in cervix,
Incubation period: 7-14 days vulva, anus, penis, vagina,
oropharynx that may be varying
Signs and Urethritis with purulent discharge in sizes
symptoms: from anterior urethra (males),
mucopurulent cervicitis often Laboratory/ Visualization of lesion, excision
asymptomatic (females) that may Diagnostic and histological exam of lesion
lead to endometritis, salpingitis Examination:
and pelvic peritonitis.
Treatment: removal of warts by freezing with
Laboratory/ Culture & Nucleic acid liquid nitrogen
Diagnostic amplification test (NAAT) or urine
Examination: or swab samples Prevention and HPV Vaccine for individuals
Control: 11-12 years old, and safe sexual
Treatment: Doxycycline, Azithromycin single practices
dose

Prevention and Practice monogamy, Sex HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ ACQUIRED

Control: education IMMUNODEFICIENCY

GENITAL HERPES Causative Agent: HIV1and2

Causative Agent: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types Mode of Sexual contact, blood transfusion,
1 and 2 transmission: contaminated syringes, needles,
nipper, blades, direct contact of
Mode of direct contact with infected skin open wounds/mucous membranes
transmission: and mucous membranes, with contaminated blood, body
childbirth fluids, semen, and vaginal
discharges
Incubation period: 2-12 days
Signs and symptoms
Signs and localized vesicular lesions at area
symptoms: of contact but may spread to Clinical Stage I persistent generalized
surrounding tissues or lymphadenopathy
disseminated in body
Clinical Stage II weight loss of <10% of body
weight minor mucocutaneous

19
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024

manifestations herpes zoster HIV by taking the drug

within the last five years, recurrent Truvada
upper respiratory tract infections

Clinical Stage III weight loss of >10% of body EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
weight, unexplained chronic
diarrhea for >1 month, SARS
unexplained prolonged fever for
Causative Human CoronaVirus
>1 month, oral candidiasis, oral
Agent:
hairy leukoplakia, pulmonary
tuberculosis within the past yea,
Mode of Airborne/Droplet
severe bacterial infections
transmission:

Clinical Stage IV pneumocystis carinii pneumonia,

Incubation 2-10 days
toxoplasmosis of brain, herpes
period:
simplex virus infection, kaposi's
sarcoma, Extrapulmonary Signs and ● Prodromal - high fever,
tuberculosis, lymphoma symptoms chills, malaise, myalgia,
headache, diarrehea
Laboratory/ 1.) Enzyme Linked Immuno
● Respiratory - dry
Diagnostic Sorbent Assay (ELISA) -
non-productive cough
Examination: presumptive test
2.) Western blot - Laboratory/ real time Polymerase Chain
confirmatory test Diagnostic Reaction (PCR) of genome
Examination: fragments or cultured virus
Treatment: Antiretroviral drugs that suppress
(respiratory. stool, urine), X-ray
the virus
(infiltration)

Prevention and 1.) Blood and blood products

Treatment:
Control: a. Screen blood donors
b. Observe universal Prevention and Identification and isolation of
precaution Control: patients, 10 days home quarantine
c. Refrain from using for exposed individuals
contaminated needles
and syringes. MERS COV
2.) Sexual transmission
a. Abstain from Causative Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
promiscuous sexual Agent: CoronaVirus (zoonotic virus)
contact.
Mode of direct or indirect contact with
b. Be faithful to your
transmission: camels, bats, goats, cow
partner and practice
monogamous sexual Incubation 14 days
contact. period:
c. Follow correct and
consistent use of Signs and fever, cough shortness of breath,
condoms symptoms Pneumonia (common but not
3.) Mother to child always present), GI (diarrhea),
transmission. For HIV+ nausea and vomiting, kidney
mothers, consult with failure
health workers to have
access to care, treatment, Laboratory/ Polymerase Chain Reaction
support to services during Diagnostic Testing (PCR-RT) with presence of
pregnancy, labor and Examination: antibodies in blood 10 days after
delivery, and postpartum. onset of symptoms
4.) PrEP or Pre-Exposure
Treatment: Supportive
Prophylaxis for people
with high risk of acquiring
Prevention and Avoid contact with animals or sick
Control: animals especially DM, Renal

20
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113
failure, lung disease,
immunocompromised, hand
washing before and after touching
animals, avoid consumption of raw
or undercooked animal products
(high risk), seek immediate medical
attention if an acute respiratory
illness with fever 14 days returning
from travel.
AVIAN FLU
Causative A(H5N1) virus and A(H7N9) virus
Agent:
Mode of Direct or indirect exposure to
transmission: infected live or dead poultry or
contaminated environments, such
as live bird markets. Slaughtering,
defeathering, handling carcasses
of infected poultry, and preparing
poultry for consumption -
WHO(2019)
Incubation 2-5 days and ranging up to 17
period: days for A (H5N1) and 1 to 10 days
for A(H7N9)
Signs and mild upper respiratory distress
symptoms syndrome, shock and even death.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
have been reported more
frequently in A (H5N1) infection.
Laboratory/ Polymerase Chain Reaction
Diagnostic Testing (PCR-RT)
Examination:
Treatment: neuraminidase inhibitor like
oseltamivir and zanamivir can
reduce the duration of viral
replication and improve prospects
of survival
Prevention and Hand washing, respiratory
Control: hygiene, avoid close contact with
sick people
HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
Causative Enterovirus or Coxsackievirus
Agent:
Mode of Direct contact, droplet, contact
transmission: with fecal matter of an infected
person
Incubation 1 to 3 days from contact
period:
21
S.Y. 2023-2024
Signs and Common among children under
symptoms five years old, flu like
manifestations, fever, sore throat,
eruption of mouth sores (red spots
and blisters), skin rash over palms
of the hands and on the soles of
the feet
Laboratory/ throat swab and stool exam
Diagnostic
Examination:
Treatment: Supportive Care, symptomatic
management, increase
Prevention and Hand Hygiene, avoid touching
Control: eyes, nose, and mouth
TETANUS
Causative Clostridium Tetani
Agent:
Mode of It does not spread from person to
transmission: person. The bacteria are usually
found in soil, dust, and manure and
enter the body through breaks in the
skin - usually cuts or punctures
wounds caused by contaminated
objects, burns, crush injuries, injuries
with dead tissue
Incubation between 3 and 21 days after
Period: infection. Most cases occur within 14
days.
Signs and Jaw cramping or the inability to open
symptoms the mouth, muscle spasms, often in
the back, abdomen and extremities,
sudden painful muscle spasms often
triggered by sudden noises, trouble
swallowing, seizures, headache, fever
and sweating, changes in blood
pressure or fast heart rate
Laboratory/ Reverse Transcription Polymerase
Diagnostic Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests
Examination:
Treatment: Tetanus is a medical emergency
requiring:
● care in the hospital
● immediate treatment with
medicine called human
tetanus immune globulin
(TIG)
● aggressive wound care
N3B MIDTERMS - NCM 113 S.Y. 2023-2024
a. A process by which people organize themselves to take
● drugs to control muscle
charge of their situation and to develop a sense of being a
spasms
community together.
● Antibiotics
b. A process by which people come together to talk about
● tetanus vaccination
matters connected to their health.
Prevention Immunization with c. A group of people who seek to change even in their
and Control: tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines community.
(TTCV) d. They're goal is to develop a sense of well-being to
others.

Unit exam
7. A key principle of CO that seek to change policies
● comm organizing
that are not working:
● Comm Diagnosis
• a. Participative culture
● Environment
• b. Breadth of Mission and Vison
• c. Critical perspective
Quiz 1
• d. Inclusiveness
1. The World Health Organization(1995) affirms that"
the community participation is a fundamental
8. It is the process of executing or carrying out the
requirement to achieve health and sustainable
design plans and putting these into action:
development.
a. Evaluation
Select one:
b. Implementation
• True
c. Assessing
• False
d. Organizing

2. Also known as micro-project approach, this is an

9. The phases of community organizing are:
organizing approach that focuses on social or
1. Pre-entry phase
economic issues which can be resolved though
2. Entry Phase
the introduction of projects.
3. ?
Select one:
4. Phase Out/Sustenance and strengthening phase
• True
What should be in the 3rd phase?
False
a. Formation Phase
• b. Inclusiveness
3. Refers to a systematic approach, a study of the
• c. Critical Perspective
health condition of a community, involving the
• d. Participative Culture
collection, analysis and the interpretation of data
including statistical data:
10. ____diverts the attention of the people from the
a. Nursing Care Diagnosis
real problems by making them engage in group
b. Community Health Diagnosis
therapy activities like beautification and
c. Medical Health Diagnosis
cleanliness drives.
d. Diagnosis
11. Community Participation is a social development
methodology used to facilitate the process of
4. A key principle of community organizing that
forming self-reliant, self-determining communities
states that strong community organizing
which are able to sustain their development
organizations have proven adept at integrating a
activities.
diverse set of issues and linking them to a large
• a. None of the Above is Correct
vision of the common good?
b. False
a. A participative culture
• c. True
b. Critical perspective
c. Inclusiveness
12. The following are factors affecting Community
d. Breadth of Mission and Vision
Participation, except:
• a. Access barriers
5. ____is the process of assessing and defining
• b. Empowerment
needs, opportunities and resources involved in
• C. Representatives
initiating community health action program.
• d. Representatives
6. What is the best definition for community
organizing in the following choices?
13.

22