Worksheet-H.

W ( Mid Term) Name:

Grade: 7 Sec: ___ Date: / /

Subject: History & Bangladesh

Teacher’s signature: ________
Studies
Parents Signature: __________

Topic: Problems after partition

A. Read the following passage and answer the given questions ( a-b)
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Gandhi was born in Porbandar, in today’s India, in 1869. His father was a leader in the local
community. His parents wanted him to be a lawyer and so he travelled to England where he studied
Law at University College London. He then took a job with an Indian law firm to work in their South
Africa office. It was here that he experienced racial prejudice against Indians which spurred him on to
work in civil rights.
Gandhi returned to India during the First World War, and led the fight for independence from the
British Empire. He arranged many non-violent civil disobedience campaigns. During these campaigns’
large groups of the Indian population would sit in the streets, refuse to go to work, and boycott the law
courts and schools. One of Gandhi’s most successful protests was the Salt March in 1930. When
Britain put a tax on salt, Gandhi walked 241 miles to the sea in Dandi to make his own salt; he was
joined on this march by thousands of men and women.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in Karachi in 1876. He was the founder of Pakistan. After the
Partition of India, he became the Governor-General of Pakistan. As a mark of respect, Pakistanis call
him ‘Quaid-e-Azam’ which is a phrase in the Urdu language meaning ‘great leader’.
When he was only 15 Jinnah moved to London to work but gave his job up after three years to study
Law at Lincoln’s Inn. During this time, Jinnah began to engage in politics. After graduating in 1896 he
returned to work as a lawyer in Mumbai.
Jinnah had been an early advocate of Hindu-Muslim solidarity against British rule, but eventually
came to believe there would be no place for Muslims within a democratic system because they would
be a permanent numerical minority. Jinnah wanted weighted representation for Muslims in local and
national legislations but this idea was never accepted by Congress leaders who believed in the power
of their system to protect minority interests, and so Jinnah broke away, leading Muslims in the demand
for a separate independent state.
After the Partition of India, Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan, while his sister
Fatimah Jinnah became known as the ‘Mother of the Nation’.
 ‘If you work in Co-operation,
forgetting the past, burying the
hatched then you are bound to
succeed.’
Mohammad Ali Jinnah

1. What do you think Gandhi and Jinnah meant by these quotes?

Gandhi's Quote: "Be the change you wish to see in the world."
Gandhi encourages personal action as a means to bring about the desired positive change.
Jinnah's Quote: "Cooperate, forget the past, and unity leads to success."
Jinnah highlights the significance of working together and letting go of past conflicts for achieving
success.

2. ‘Jinnah was worried that if India stayed as one country then the voices of Muslims would not be
heard, as they were a minority. What is a minority? Do you think this is something that might still
be happening in the world today?

A "minority" refers to a group of people within a population who are smaller in number compared to the
dominant or majority group. In the context of Muhammad Ali Jinnah's concerns, he was worried that in a united
India, Muslims would be a minority in terms of population and political representation. He feared that the rights
and interests of Muslims might not be adequately protected or represented in a democratic system where the
majority could potentially dominate decision-making.
This concern by Jinnah is related to the concept of minority rights and protection. It's worth noting that similar
concerns about minority rights and representation exist in various parts of the world today. In many countries,
issues related to the rights, representation, and protection of minority groups, whether based on ethnicity,
religion, or other factors, continue to be relevant. Ensuring that the voices and rights of minorities are heard and
respected is an ongoing challenge in many nations, and it remains a significant issue in contemporary politics
and international relations. It underscores the importance of building inclusive and diverse societies where the
rights and interests of all groups are considered and protected.

B) Look at the two maps. One shows the British Indian Empire before Partition,
and the second shows India and Pakistan as they are today.
1. What geographical problems were faced by Pakistan after partition in 1947?
After the partition of India in 1947, Pakistan faced several geographical challenges, including territorial
division, a lack of direct sea access, the Kashmir conflict, water disputes, economic disparities between regions,
transportation challenges, and security concerns. These geographical issues had lasting effects on Pakistan's
politics, security, and foreign relations.
2. What was the impact of migration after the partition in 1947?
The migration after the partition of India in 1947 resulted in a humanitarian crisis, with millions of people
displaced and significant loss of life due to violence, starvation, and disease. Families were torn apart,
economies disrupted, and refugee populations created. The partition had long-lasting consequences on the
social, political, and cultural landscapes of India and Pakistan, including border disputes and the reshaping of
demographics.

3. What is the reason behind ‘Kashmir Conflict’? Do you think religion played a predominant role to
turn a territorial conflict into a more serious issue? Justify your answer (Read the chapter ‘Problems
after partition in 1947’ from the Bangladesh Studies book and answer it)
The Kashmir Conflict is primarily a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan. Religion plays a significant
role in intensifying the conflict, as the majority of Kashmir's population is Muslim, and this religious aspect has
added to the intensity of the dispute. Additionally, the historical legacy of partition and the use of religious
power of speech have contributed to the complexity of the issue.

4What was the canal water dispute? Why was it important to solve the problem quickly? (Read the
chapter ‘Problems after partition in 1947’ from the Bangladesh Studies book and answer it)

The canal water dispute, also known as the Indus Water Treaty dispute, was a conflict
between India and Pakistan over the sharing of water from the Indus River and its tributaries.
It was crucial to resolve quickly because these waters are vital for agriculture, economies,
and livelihoods in both countries. Prolonged disputes could have led to humanitarian crises
and jeopardized the cooperative framework established by the Indus Water Treaty, which
aimed to manage water resources and prevent international arbitration.