NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

Open Book Examination

ANSWER TEMPLATE

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Learner name Pawar Shubham sanjay

NEBOSH learner 00783059
number
Learning Partner name NIST Global Institute private LTD.

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Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 1 of 10

Task 1: Understanding moral management of health and safety in the
workplace

Question 1
1. Lack of Concern for Workers' Well-being: The warehouse management, including
the WM, appears to prioritize productivity and efficiency over the safety and well-
being of the workers. This is evident in the WM's reaction to the accident, showing
a lack of empathy for the injured FLT driver and a dismissive attitude toward
worker concerns.

2. Failure to Address Safety Concerns: Workers had been raising safety concerns,
including time pressure and safety issues, for months, but their concerns were
ignored. This demonstrates a disregard for the safety of the workforce and a
failure to take proactive measures to address potential hazards.

3. Neglecting Training and Safety Measures: The warehouse lacks a dedicated health
and safety officer, and the WM has been delaying safety measures such as
repainting traffic route lines. This negligence in providing proper training and
maintaining safety standards puts workers at risk.

4. Blaming the Victim: Blaming the FLT driver entirely for the accident without
considering the role of inadequate safety measures or training is morally
unacceptable. This approach fails to recognize that accidents can often result
from systemic issues rather than individual errors.

5. lack of awareness : failure to be able to see beyond our thoughts. It means we

can't grasp the impact of our emotions, actions, and behaviours. is the lack
of knowledge or understanding of a given subject, task, or situation.
In management, it can refer to an individual's lack of knowledge, understanding,
or clarity about the objectives, plans, and strategies of the organization

6. lack of induction training : The absence of comprehensive induction

training exposes employees to workplace risks without the necessary knowledge
and skills to address them. This lack of preparation significantly increases the
chances of accidents and incidents.

7. priorities reputed over safety: Workplace safety implies applying necessary

measures to avoid harm, accidents, and other dangers that impact the safety,
health, and well-being of employees and other personnel

Task 2: Determining what is effective about induction training

Question 2
1. Safety Information: The induction includes videos covering essential safety topics
such as fire safety, manual handling, and what to do in an emergency. This
provides new workers with crucial knowledge to ensure their safety in the
workplace.

2. Access Control: The use of ID card access and an intercom system for visitors
demonstrates a security measure to control access to the facility, ensuring that
only authorized personnel can enter.

Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 2 of 10

 3. Safety Equipment: Providing high visibility vests, hard hats, and gloves to new
employees at the end of the induction ensures that workers are equipped with the
necessary safety gear from the start.

4. Emphasis on Reporting: The induction emphasizes reporting accidents and near

misses to the health and safety officer, promoting a culture of safety awareness
and accountability among workers.

5. They spend of the first day talking with the WM and looking through paper work.

6. They introduce themselves, then explain that they will speak to everyone as a
group, there is an intercom system to ring for non card holders.

7. Visitors who are excepted will be escorted while inside the building and unexcepted
visitors are denied entrance.

8. On your first day of employment the supervisor on duty gives you a quick tour of
the building to start your induction, they make sure you know where the fire exit
are before rushing you into the smaller office.

9. Next to the TV is a collection of VHS video cassettes labelled: induction part 1 , part
2 – fire safety, part 3 – manual handling . part 4 – what to do in an emergency

10. The induction process provides new employees with an outline of the duties and
responsibilities of their role.

11. At this point, you might introduce them to their team. Give them training about
general site safety rules and regulation, they will get aware about their work
activity,

Task 3: Demonstrating management commitment

Question 3
1. the Warehouse Manager (WM) did not effectively demonstrate commitment to the
health and safety of the workers and the overall well-being of the warehouse.
Several factors indicate this lack of commitment:

2. Safety Concerns: The WM ignored safety concerns raised by workers, such as the
need for repainting traffic route lines and the overloading of racking near the loading
bay.

3. Lack of a Health and Safety Officer: The warehouse had been trying to hire a health
and safety officer for years, indicating a failure to prioritize safety management.

4. Immediate Verbal Warning: The WM gave an immediate verbal warning to an FLT

driver for causing delays, potentially creating a culture of fear and discouraging
workers from reporting safety issues.

5. Insensitive Response: The WM's insensitive comments when the FLT driver was in a
coma and blamed the driver entirely for the accident demonstrate a lack of empathy
and responsibility.

6. Opposition to Worker Meetings: The WM opposed worker-demanded meetings and

suggested that they would not allow such meetings in the future, indicating
resistance to addressing worker concerns.

Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 3 of 10

 Overall, the WM's actions and responses suggest a lack of commitment to safety and a
focus on meeting deadlines at the expense of worker well-being.

Task 4: Actions to fulfil health and safety management roles and

responsibilities

Question 4
Directors and WM play an important role in establishing implementing and driving health
and safety within the organization
Their role and responsibilities include :
1. give the organisation its direction

2. setting up a health and safety policy, taking care of statutory requirement

3. ensuring that there are personnel with specific roles related to health and safety
and these people should be reporting to director level personnel.

Role of supervisor :
A supervisor means a person who has charge of a workplace or authority over a worker

1. ensure that a worker complies with health and safety regulation

2. managing workflow : One of a supervisor’s most important responsibilities is

managing a team. Often, supervisors create and oversee their team’s workflow, or
the tasks required to complete a job.

3 Training new hires : when a new employee joins the team, their supervisor should
help them understand their role and support them during their transition.

4 make the worker aware about hazards

5 make the worker aware about how to control the hazards / how to take precaution

6 monitor the action of worker to ensure their health and safety.

7 enforce the use of PPE.

8 Effective Communication: Maintain open and clear communication with employees,

addressing their concerns and keeping them informed about workplace changes.

9 . Strategic Planning: Develop and implement long-term workplace strategies that

align with the organization's goals and objectives.

10. Resource Management: Efficiently allocate resources such as office space,

equipment, and supplies to meet the needs of the workforce.

11. Employee Engagement: Foster a positive work environment by promoting employee

engagement, well-being, and satisfaction.

12. Health and Safety: Ensure that the workplace adheres to health and safety
regulations, providing a safe and healthy environment for employees.

13. Technology Integration: Stay updated with technology trends and implement relevant
tools and systems to improve productivity and workflow.

Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 4 of 10

 14. Cost Control: Monitor and manage workplace expenses to optimize the budget and
reduce unnecessary expenditures.

15. Conflict Resolution: Develop conflict resolution strategies to address workplace

conflicts promptly and constructively.

16.Flexibility: Adapt to changing work dynamics, such as remote work, and implement
flexible policies and practices.

17. Professional Development: Invest in continuous learning and development to stay

current in workplace management trends and best practices.

18. Sustainability: Implement eco-friendly practices to reduce the workplace's

environmental footprint.

19. Performance Metrics: Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the
effectiveness of workplace management efforts and make data-driven improvements.

20. Feedback Collection: Regularly gather feedback from employees and stakeholders to
identify areas for improvement.

21. Collaboration: Collaborate with other departments and teams to ensure alignment
with the organization's overall strategy.

Task 5: Determining the contribution of organisational and individual human

factors

Question 5 (a)
Organizational factors have the greatest inrluence on individual and group behaviour,
Organizations need to establish their own positive health and safety culture. The culture
need to promote employee involvement and commitment at all levels emphasizing that
deviation from established health and safety standards is not acceptable.

1. Safety culture of the organization : a negative culture will influence the worker to
behave negatively.

2. Communication breakdowns: Poor communication within an organization can lead

to misunderstandings, missed warnings, or delayed responses that contribute to
accidents.

3. Lack of training: the FLT driver was not trained, they did not have induction training
bout FL. Inadequate training or insufficiently trained personnel can increase the
likelihood of accidents. If will trained and competent staff is not accomplishing the
task then it certainly affect the workers behaviour.

4. Inadequate safety procedures: If an organization lacks comprehensive safety

protocols or fails to enforce them, it can create an environment where accidents
are more likely to occur.

5. Poor supervision: WM is not available at workplace during the works goes on,
Inadequate supervision can result in employees taking risks or not following
safety procedures.

Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 5 of 10

 The correct level and competent supervision act as a deterrent for unsafe
behaviour. Most workers would not want to be caught and reprimanded by the
supervisors.
6. Fatigue and overwork: If employees are consistently overworked or suffer from
fatigue due to long hours, their performance and decision-making abilities may be
compromised, increasing the risk of accidents.
7. Equipment maintenance: Failing to properly maintain equipment and machinery
can lead to mechanical failures that cause accidents.

8. Organizational culture: A culture that prioritizes production over safety or

discourages reporting of safety concerns can contribute to accidents.

9. Inadequate risk assessment: Failing to identify and mitigate potential risks within an
organization can leave it vulnerable to accidents.

10. Lack of accountability: When individuals and teams are not held accountable for
safety lapses, it can create a culture where unsafe practices go unaddressed.

11. Resource constraints: Limited budgets or resources may prevent an organization

from investing in safety measures or necessary upgrades, increasing the risk of
accidents.

12. Work pattern : the shift start and end time, overtime or extended hours, the
weekly off between changes in shift can adversely affect the workers health and
cause fatigue and thereby affect the safety performance.

Question 5 (b)
People bring to their job personal attitudes, skill, habits and personalities which can be
strengths or weakness depending on the task demands
Fatigue: Workers who are tired or overworked may make mistakes or have slower
reaction times, increasing the risk of accidents.

1. Lack of Training: Inadequate training or a lack of understanding of safety

procedures can lead to accidents.

2. Complacency: Experienced workers may become complacent and skip safety

steps, thinking they know the job well enough.

3. Distractions: Personal distractions, such as smartphone use or personal problems,

can divert a worker's attention from the task at hand.

4. Stress and Anxiety: High-stress levels or anxiety can impair a worker's ability to
focus and make clear decisions.

5. Miscommunication: Poor communication among workers or misunderstanding of

instructions can lead to errors and accidents.

6. Substance Abuse: Alcohol or drug use before or during work can impair judgment
and coordination.

7. Inadequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use: Not using or improperly

using PPE can put workers at risk.

8. Inadequate Health and Wellness: Poor physical or mental health can make a
worker more accident-prone.

Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 6 of 10

 9. Overconfidence: Some workers may overestimate their abilities, leading them to
take unnecessary risks.

10. Inexperience: New employees or those in unfamiliar roles may not have the skills
or knowledge to work safely.

11. Attitude towards Safety: Workers with a lax attitude towards safety rules and
regulations are more likely to engage in risky behaviour. The tendency to behave
in a particular way in a certain situation
Attitudes are influenced by the prevailing health and safety culture with in the
organisation the commitment of the management, the experience of the individual and
the influence of the peer group. Peer group pressure is particular important factor among
young people and health and safety training must be designed with this in mind by using
examples or case studies that are relevant to them.

Task 6: Understanding how previous accident investigation prevents future

accidents

Question 6
1. Identifying Patterns: By reviewing previous accidents, patterns or trends in unsafe
behaviors, equipment issues, or workplace conditions could have been identified.
This could include things like near-misses involving forklifts or issues related to
inadequate safety measures.

2. Root Cause Analysis: Investigating past accidents would have allowed the
organization to conduct a thorough root cause analysis. This analysis could reveal
the underlying factors contributing to accidents, such as inadequate training, lack of
maintenance, or systemic issues.

3. Corrective Actions: With a better understanding of the root causes, corrective actions
and preventive measures could have been implemented. For example, addressing
training deficiencies, improving equipment maintenance procedures, or reevaluating
warehouse layout and traffic management.

4. Training and Awareness: Knowledge gained from previous accidents could have
been used to enhance training programs for employees, particularly for forklift
operators. This could include reinforcing safety procedures and ensuring all workers
are aware of potential hazards.

5. Safety Culture Improvement: Addressing past accidents and taking proactive

measures to prevent them can contribute to the development of a strong safety
culture within the organization. This involves fostering an environment where safety
is a top priority for all employees.

6. Compliance: Investigating past accidents can help ensure compliance with safety
regulations and standards. It would allow the organization to identify any areas
where they are falling short of legal requirements.

7. Identifying recurring issues : analysing past accidents may reveal common factors
such as equipment failures, human errors, or environmental conditions that
contributed to accidents

8. Implementing safety measures : insights from previous accident can lead to the
implementation of new safety protocols, procedures, or technology to mitigate similar
risk in the future.

Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 7 of 10

 9. Training and education : learning from past mistake can inform training programs for
personnel , ensuring they are better prepared to handle challenging situation and
avoid accidents.

10. past accident may prompt regulatory authorities to enact new safety standards

11. Improved risk assessment

12. continuous improvement : establishing a culture of continuous improvement based

on lesson learned from previous accident can foster a proactive approach to safety.

Task 7: Reporting the accident

Question 7 (a)
1. Legal Requirement: In many jurisdictions, there are legal requirements mandating
the reporting of workplace accidents and incidents to the competent authority. Failure
to report such incidents can result in legal penalties and fines for the employer.

2. Occupational Health and Safety Regulations: Health and safety regulations often
require employers to report accidents, especially those resulting in serious injuries or
fatalities. Reporting helps ensure compliance with these regulations.

3. Investigation and Prevention: Reporting the accident allows for a thorough

investigation into the causes and contributing factors. This information can help
identify hazards and weaknesses in safety procedures, leading to necessary
corrective actions to prevent future accidents.

4. Workers' Compensation: Reporting the accident is typically a step in the process of

providing workers' compensation benefits to the injured worker. This ensures that the
injured employee receives the necessary medical care and financial support.

5. It is the legal requirement to report it to the top management and external authorities

6. The root causes can be properly investigated, and the issue can be addressed.

7. It will show the competence of management and helps promote a positive health and
safety culture where everyone fulfils their responsibilities.

8. It will prevent the accidents from occurring again.

9. It will show that management is concerned with workers safety and thus boosts staff
moral.

10. It will encourage the manager to carry out risk assessment, and thus other types of
accidents, thus saving resources and time.

11. Liability and Insurance: Timely reporting of accidents may also be required by the
employer's liability insurance policy. Failure to report could lead to coverage issues
or increased insurance costs.

12. Statistical Data: Reporting accidents contributes to the collection of workplace injury
statistics, which can be used to identify trends and patterns in workplace safety. This
data is valuable for government agencies and organizations focused on improving
occupational health and safety.

Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 8 of 10

Question 7 (b)
1. Immediate Notification: The employer should immediately report the accident to
the relevant competent authority. This notification should be made as soon as
possible after the accident occurs.

2. Completing Accident Report Forms: The employer should fill out any required
accident report forms provided by the competent authority. These forms often
require detailed information about the accident, including date, time, location,
circumstances, injuries sustained, and any contributing factors.

3. Contacting Relevant Authorities: Depending on the jurisdiction, the competent

authority might be a government agency responsible for workplace safety, such
as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United
States. The employer should contact this authority through the appropriate
channels, which may include phone, email, or an online reporting system.

4. Providing Necessary Details: The employer should be prepared to provide all

necessary details about the accident, including the injured employee's name, the
extent of injuries, medical treatment provided, and any actions taken to prevent
similar accidents in the future.

5. Immediate response: ensure the injured employee receives necessary medical

attention promptly.

6. Internal reporting: internally report the accident to your company designated safety
officer or management.

7. Notify relevant authorities : depending on your jurisdiction, you may need to report
the accidents to local labor or occupational safety authorities.

8. Documentation : maintain detailed record of the accident, including the

date,time,location, nature of injuries, and any witnesses.

9. Compliance : follow any additional reporting requirement mandated by your

industry or the specific type of accident

10. Cooperating with Investigations: The employer should cooperate fully with any
investigations or inquiries conducted by the competent authority. This may involve
providing access to records, witnesses, and the accident site.

11. Follow-Up Reporting: Depending on the jurisdiction, the employer may be

required to provide follow-up reports or updates on the injured employee's
condition and any actions taken to improve workplace safety.

12. Providing Necessary Details: The employer should be prepared to provide all
necessary details about the accident, including the injured employee's name, the
extent of injuries, medical treatment provided, and any actions taken to prevent
similar accidents in the future.

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Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 9 of 10

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Documents and sources course notes, class notes, ISO 4500

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Answer sheet IG1-0029-ENG-OBE-V1 Sept23 © NEBOSH 2023 page 10 of 10