In a broader perspective, the causes of absenteeism and truancy among learners in various levels

can be categorized

into five (5) predictors, namely: (1). Personal/ individual; (2). Family; (3). Socioeconomic; (4). School
climate; and (5).

Environment/ community. Each predictor is associated with different contributing factors that may
affect to regressing

school performance (Balkis, et a.l, 2016), anti-social behavior and separation (Williams, 2010),
difficulty to abide

appropriate discipline and responsibility (Easman, 2007), anxiety and depression (Indiana
Department of Education,

2016), and creation of another problem/ issues in the future.

Accordingly, personal or individual predictor is based on the person’s ability to see himself as the
main character

of reinforcement. It is intrinsic in character and can hardly be modified nor be influenced by anyone
from his

surroundings. Personal factors may be attributed to: learner’s physical and mental health condition;
perception of school

(Gottfried, 2011); self- inquiry (Genteroy, 2016); lack of interest and motivation in schooling; past
experiences;

illnesses/ diseases; teenage pregnancy; academic achievement (Komache and Osuu, 2016); alcohol
and drug addiction;

and sexual promiscuity.

Family- related predictor is an external factor wherein the learner himself is helpless and has no
control over the

situation. A learner who experiences a family- related predictor may either accept the situation itself
or resist from it.

Commonly, a family- related predictor with resistance on part of the learner brings a more drastic
move that is associated

to vengeance and creation of a more complicated problem. Experts believed that family- related
predictor includes:

composition of household members; household task; placement in protective services; marital

problems (Pflug and
Schneider, 2015); death of parents and close relatives (Komache and Ossu, 2016).

Socioeconomic predictor is somehow associated to family factors, considering that it is external and
cannot be

controlled by the learner (the actor) himself. However, he can work hard and do something to
pursue his education.

Many professionals who previously experienced poverty, managed to finish their studies and later
on became successful