MODULE OF

Level 1
ENGLISH
BASIC
LEVEL 1

BY : MENTOR OF BASIC CLASS

SCHOLAR.INDO
 SPELLING
Spelling is a set of conventions that regulate the way of using graphemes (writing system) to represent
a language in its written form.

Spelling is important for :

Communication
Spelling is a critical component of communication.
Literacy
Spelling and reading skills are closely related and help develop overall literacy.
Employment C-L-O-U-D
Spelling quality has a direct impact on employment opportunities.

Spelling Alphabet
Spelling Alphabet is
important for tell the others
about important things or
emergency conditions to
avoid mistakes. For
examples spelling of
place, house number, or
name.

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on
the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standarized
representation of speech sounds in written form.
Phonetic Chart : Note :

Spelling the word is different with how to

pronouncing the word.
Example:

P-I-G

F-I-V-E

M-I-L-K
 GREETINGS
Greetings are divided into 2, namely Formal and Informal Greetings. Formal greetings are usually used
in formal or unfamiliar situations, while informal greetings are used in casual situations, usually
familiar or familiar with the other person and informal.
Informal Greetings and Responses
Formal Greetings and Responses Hi/Hello -> Hi/Hello
Good Morning -> Good Morning How are you? / -> I'm fine / Not Bad/
Good Afternoon -> Good Afternoon How's life? / Just usual / Pretty
Good Evening -> Good Evening How do u do?/ well/ I'm verry well
How're u doing?
Nice to mee you -> Nice to meet u too

Introducing Youself Positive Response

– First let me introducing myself. Asking Someone
I’m fine/ fine/ great*
– My name is ... How are you? *
Going good/ couldn’t
– Allow me to introduce myself How’s it going?**
be better/ dandy**
– I’m ... How’s life?**
Life is good/ it’s nice/
– Excuse me my name is ... Wassup?***
so-so
– How do you do? My name is ... Neutral Responses
– Hi! I’m ... Could be better.**
It’s getting by.*
Same as always.**
As usual.**
Negative Responses
Not good.*
Menyapa seseorang yang telah dikenal Not so well.**
"Hey John, how have you been ?" (Bagaimana kabar kamu ?) Crummy**
"Hey bob, How're you ?" (Bagaimana kabar kamu ?)
"Hi Nancy, what have you been up to ?" ( dari mana saja selama ini ?)
"Andy, it's been a long time, how're u man ?"(Sudah lama tidak bertemu, bagaimana kabar kamu Andi ?)

jika kamu bertemu dengan seseorang yang tidak sengaja, kamu akan mengatakan :
"Hey Jack, It's good to see you. What are you doing here ?" (Sedang apa kamu disini ?)
"What a surprise. I haven't seen you Lisa long time. Hoe have you been ?\

jika yang ditanyakan "What you have been up to ?" kamu bisa menjawab
"the same usual"
"I'm pretty busy at work these day, but otherwise everything is great
Please Practice With Your Friend Homework 1
You : (greeting) Introduce yourself in front of
Your friend : (greeting) the class using the
You : (asking for state of health and happiness) appropriate expression
Your friend : (respond) Pair work
You : (respond), thank you. My name is.. Write two dialogues about:
(name) 1.Introducing oneself
Your friend : I’m ..(name) 2.Introducing others
 PRACTICE TIME
Today is the commemoration of National Education Day.
Every province in Indonesia sends their representatives to attend outstanding
students gathering in Jakarta.
Dino : Hello, let me introduce myself. My name is Ali. I study at SMAN 19
Bandung.
Vino : Hi, I’m Vino, I’m from Papua. Nice to meet you.
Dino : Nice to meet you too. Let’s go to the crowd.
Vino and Dino go to the crowd and they meet a girl.
Ijah : Hi, Dino. How are you?
Dino : I’m fine. How about you?
Ijah : I’m fine too. Thank you.
Dino : Elvi, this is Vino, my new friend.
Vino : Hi. How do you do? Pleased to meet you.
Ijah : How do you do? Pleased to meet you too.
Vino : By the way, what is your hobby?
Ijah : I like cooking very much. I can spend my whole day for cooking.
Vino : Wow, great. My hobby is cooking too. Will you tell me how to cook special
foods from your province? I’d like to know them.
Dino : Alright my friends, let’s talk about cooking later. We should go to the palace
to meet the President of Indonesia.
Vino and Ijah : Let’s go. We can talk about cooking later.

Another Reading Practice

Andi : Bella, hi! Long time no see. (Hai, Bella. Lama tidak berjumpa).
Bella : Oh, my God, Andi. Hi! How are you? (Oh, Tuhanku, Andi! Bagaimana kabarmu?)
Andi : I’m pretty good. How about you? (Aku cukup baik. Bagaimana denganmu?)
Bella : Same here. You look really different now. (Aku juga. Kamu nampak sangat berbeda
sekarang).
Andi : I lost twenty kilograms of my weight. (Aku menurunkan berat badan 20 kilogram).
Bella : Excuse me. (Apa yang baru kau bilang?)
Andi : Yeah. Awesome, right? (Ya. Keren, bukan?)
Bella : Indeed! Wow... Cheers to that. (Bukan main. Wow... Selamat!)
Andi : Thank you. What are you doing here, Bella? (Terima kasih. Apa yang kamu lakukan di
sini, Bella?)
Bella : I’m attending a seminar in this hotel. I’m one of the panelists. (Aku menghadiri sebuah
seminar di hotel ini. Aku salah satu panelisnya).
Andi : Oh, really? What is it about? (Oh, benarkah? Seminar tentang apa?)
Bella : It’s about human development in organization. It’s a boring topic. (Tentang
perkembangan manusia dalam organisasi. Topik yang membosankan).
Andi : Hahaha. Don’t be so modest. You’re a successful person now. (Hahaha. Jangan begitu.
Kamu adalah orang yang sukses sekarang).
Bella : Well, cheers to me. (Ya, selamat untukku).
Andi : Bella, I’m so sorry but I have to go now, my taxi is waiting. I have to catch the flight
home. (Bella, aku minta maaf tapi aku harus pergi sekarang, taksiku menunggu. Aku harus
mengejar pesawat untuk pulang).
Bella : Oh, of course, please. It is nice to meet you, Andi. (Oh, tentu saja. Senang berjumpa
denganmu, Andi).
Andi : Nice to see you, too. We should keep contact and do a high school reunion one of these
days. (Aku juga senang berjumpa denganmu. Kita harus menjaga komunikasi dan
mengadakan reuni SMA dalam waktu dekat).
 VOCAB TIME
Vocabulary About Greetings

Crummy = tidak bagus

Lousy = jelek
Greetings = salam pembuka
Farewells = salam perpisahan
I’m glad to see you = Senang berjumpa denganmu
It is time to be going! = Inilah saatnya untuk pergi!
How have you been keeping? = Bagaimana kabarmu?
It’s such a long time we didn’t meet = Sudah lama sekali kita tidak bertemu
It’s been ages since we last met = Sudah lama sejak kita terakhir kali bertemu
How come I never see you? = Mengapa aku tidak pernah melihatmu?
What have you been to all these years? = Apa yang telah kamu lakukan selama bertahun-tahun ini?
it’s such a pleasure to meet you = Suatu kehormatan bertemu dengan Anda
Fancy meeting you here! = Senang bertemu denganmu di sini!
not to shabby = tidak terlalu buruk

NUMBER & COUNTING

NUMBERS
Definition of number a sum of units : TOTAL
Cardinal, Ordinal and Nominal Numbers

Cardinal Number Nominal Numbers

A Cardinal Number is a number
that says how many of something
there are, such as one, two, three,
four, five.
A Cardinal Number answers the
question "How Many?"
Example: here are five coins:
It does not have fractions or
decimals, as it is only used for
counting.
A Nominal Number is a
number used only as a name, or
to identify something (not as an
actual value or position)
Examples:
the number on the back of a
footballer ("10")
Ordinal Numbers
a postal code ("91210")
An Ordinal Number is a number
a model number ("380")
that tells the position of
something in a list. 1st, 2nd, 3rd,
4th, 5th etc.
Example: In this picture the girl is
2nd:
And the two pups are 3rd and 4th.
Easy to remember: "ordinal" tells
you what "order" things are in.

COUNTING NUMBERS
All the natural numbers are called counting numbers. These numbers are always positive integers like 1,2,3,4,5,6,......
The counting numbers, which can be counted, are infinite and are a crucial part of number systems in Maths. Learning
numbers is the basic task which we start learning from kindergarten. This is used in everyday life too.
 Continue...
Example,
Tell the time shown in the clock
Counting the number of students in class
Buying number of toffees etc.
You can count the numbers in different ways, for
example,
Counting by 2 – 2,4,6...
Counting by 3 – 3, 6, 9, ...
Counting by 4 – 4, 8, 12, ...
Counting by 5 – 5, 10, 15,...
Counting by 6 and so on.
Both the even and odd numbers are included in
counting numbers. Example, 6 – even number and
9 – odd number.

PRACTICE TIME
Choose ordinal number or cardinal number Reading Decimals
1. I’ve been visiting Seoul for two times. Read decimals aloud in English by
2. This is my first time going to London pronouncing the decimal point as "point", then
3. I think we’ve met for the fourth times today. read each digit
4. I don’t think we can go hiking. It’s been raining so hard individually. Money is not read this way.
these past two days.
5. This is not the first time Attila doing it.
6. Nichkhun is one of the members of a Korea’s boy
band.
7. Super Junior has announced their comeback after two
years
8. The group is the first non-scientist group that ever
come to MDRS.
9. Ila got two phones from her father, and now she lost
them all.
10. We’ve been calling for four times, but no one
answered.

Reading Fractions
Read fractions using the cardinal number for
the numerator and the ordinal number for the
denominator, making the ordinal number plural
if the numerator is larger than 1. This applies to
all numbers except for the number 2, which is
read "half" when it is the denominator, and
"halves" if there is more than one.
 Look at the pictures

Pronouncing Percentages Pronouncing Measurements

Percentages are easy to read aloud in English. Just Just read out the number, followed by the unit of
say the number and then add the word "percent". measurement, which will often be abbreviated in
thewritten form.

Reading Sum of Money

To read a sum of money, first read the
whole number, then add the currency
name. If there is a decimal, follow with
the decimal pronounced as a whole
number, and if coinage has a name in
the currency, add that word at the end.
Note that normal decimals are not read
in this way. These rules only apply to
currency..
 Pronouncing Years
Reading years in English is relatively
complicated. In general, when the year is a
four digit number, read the first two digits as a
whole number, then the second two digits as
another whole number. There are a few
exceptions to this rule. Years that are within
the first 100 years of a new millennium can be
read as whole numbers even though they
have four digits, or they can be read as two
two-digit numbers. Millennia are always read
as whole numbers because they would be
difficult to pronounce otherwise.

Interestingly, these rules apply to reading

street addresses as well.

How To Say 0
There are several ways to pronounce the number 0, used in different contexts. Unfortunately, usage
varies between different English-speaking countries. These pronunciations apply to American English..

Homework!
Count the numbers by 5
1). 5, __, 15, __.
2). 45,__ , __, __, 60
3). 100,__, 110, __,
Write the counting numbers from
1) 1 to 10
2) 50 to 60
Write 6 counting numbers from 60
Write 9 counting numbers from 11
Write the counting numbers between 10 to
30
Write all the even counting numbers
between 10 to 20
Write all the odd counting numbers from
11 to 21
Write the counting numbers by 5 till 20
Write the missing number:
1) 45,__, __, 48
2) ___, 98, __, 100
3) 15, __,___,, 18
4) 45,__, __, __, ___, 50
5) 10, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, 20
 COUNTABLE AND
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns (or count nouns) are those that
refer to something that can be counted.
For example: "pen".
We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or
more pens.
Here are some more countable nouns:
dog, cat, animal, man, person
bottle, box, litre
coin, note, dollar If you want to ask about the quantity of a
cup, plate, fork countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined
table, chair, suitcase, bag with the plural countable noun.
Countable Noun have a singular and a plural form. e.g. :
The singular form can use the determiner "a" or My dog is playing. (singular)
"an". My dogs are hungry. (plural)
We can use the indefinite article a/an with
countable nouns:
A dog is an animal.
e.g. :
She’s got two sisters and a younger brother.
Most people buy things like cameras and MP3-
When a countable noun is singular, we must use
players online these days.
a word like a/the/my/this with it:
These shoes look old now.
I want an orange. (not I want orange.) I’ll take a few magazines with me for the flight.
Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)
When a countable noun is plural, we can use it
alone:
I like oranges.
Bottles can break.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:
I've got some dollars.
Have you got any pens?
We can use a few and many with countable
nouns:
I've got a few dollars.
I haven't got many pens.
 UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
In English grammar, some things are seen as a whole or mass. These are called uncountable nouns, because they
cannot be separated or counted.
Some examples of uncountable nouns are:
Ideas and experiences : advice, information, progress, news, luck, fun, work, knowledge, beauty.
Materials and substances : water, rice, cement, gold, milk, sugar, rice
Weather words : weather, thunder, lightning, rain, snow
Names for groups or collections of things : furniture, equipment, rubbish, luggage
Other common uncountable nouns include : accommodation, baggage, homework, knowledge, money, permission,
research, traffic, travel.

These nouns are not used with a/an or Some nouns always have plural form
numbers and are not used in the plural. but they are uncountable because we
e.g. : cannot use numbers with them.
We’re going to get new furniture for e.g. :
the living room. I bought two pairs of trousers.
Not : We’re going to get a new Not : I bought two trousers.
furniture for the living room.
or We’re going to get new furnitures Other nouns of this type are: shorts,
for the living room. pants, pyjamas, glasses (for the eyes),
We had terrible weather last week. binoculars, scissors.
Not : We had a terrible weather last
week.
We need rice next time we go
shopping. Some nouns always have plural form
Not : We need a rice next time we go but they are uncountable because we
shopping. cannot use numbers with them.

e.g. :
I bought two pairs of trousers.
We cannot use a/an with these nouns. Not : I bought two trousers.
Other nouns of this type are: shorts,
To express a quantity of an
pants, pyjamas, glasses (for the eyes),
uncountable noun, use a word or
binoculars, scissors.
expression like some a lot of much a
bit of a great deal of or else.
use an exact measurement like :
a cup of a bag of 1kg of 1L of a
handful of a pinch of
an hour of a day of.
Continue...
 If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How much?"
Examples:
There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
He did not have much sugar left.
Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
How much rice do you want?

Notes :

Hair [uncountable noun] People [countable

Beer noun [uncountable
Be careful with the noun hair which is noun]
noun]
normally uncountable in English, so it is "People" is
Beer noun [mass noun] an
not used in the countable. "People"
alcoholic drink made from
plural. It can be countable only when is the plural of
yeast-fermented malt
referring to individual hairs. "person". We can
flavoured with hops:
e.g. : count people:
a pint of beer | [count noun]
She has long blond hair. There is one
he ordered a beer.
The child's hair was curly. person here.
My father is getting a few grey hairs There are three
now. (refers to individual hairs) people here
I found a hair in my soup! (refers to a
Examples:
single strand of hair)
I would like to give you
Tricky spots (Kata benda yang rumit) some advice.
How much bread should
I bring?
I didn't make much
progress today.
This looks like a lot of
trouble to me.
We did an hour of work
yesterday.
 TASK
Section 1 Section 2
Complete the sentence. (listen carefully n only repeat twice)

1. I want _____ beef. 1. What does the man want ?

a. an a. a hamburger
b. some b. a steak
c. a c. a salad

2. She wants _____ apple. 2. What does the woman want ?

a. a a. chicken n fries
b. an b. chicken n rice
c. some c. chicken n pasta

3. Do you want _____ rice? 3. What does the woman want ?

a. an a. Some water
b. some b. Some coffee
c. a c. Some wine

4. He wants _____ hamburger. 4. What does the man want ?

a. a a. some coffee
b. an b. some water
c. some c. some wine

5. Do you want _____ carrots?

a. a
b. an
c. some

6. I want _____ sandwich.

a. a
b. an
c. some
 PRONOUN & BE
PRONOUN (KATA GANTI)
Pronoun atau kata ganti adalah kata yang dapat menggantikan suatu kata benda atau frasa kata benda.
Kata ganti berfungsi menghindari pengulangan kata benda atau frasa kata benda yang sama yang telah
disebut sebelumnya.
contohnya :
This is Mika. She’s a manager.
Setelah pembaca/pendengar mengetahui siapa yang kita bicarakan (dalam contoh di atas adalah Mika),
kita dapat menyebut orang yang kita bicarakan tersebut menggunakan pronoun yang tepat, dalam kasus
ini adalah she.
Jenis-jenis Pronoun
Personal pronouns 1.Personal Pronouns
Possessive pronouns Untuk mengganti nama orang
Reflexive pronouns (subjek) atau benda (objek). e.g. :
Relative Pronouns John teaches Sara. = He
teaches her. (subject + verb +
object)
There’s Paul. Do you know him?
They can pick us up at 5 p.m.
You work with me. (subject
These reports are for Sue. I must + verb + preposition +
give them to her.
Can you give me a hand with this
object)
box? It’s heavy.
Tom is the CEO. I don’t think he
knows me.
You’re having dinner with some 2. Possessive Pronouns
clients tomorrow. They’re meeting Possessive pronouns mengindikasikan kepemilikan atas suatu
you at the restaurant.
benda. Mereka mirip dengan possessive adjectives tetapi tidak
diikuti oleh kata bendanya. Contohnya,
Whose is this pen? – It’s mine. (= my pen)
Fill in the following dots with pronouns
1. ___ is dreaming. (George) Possessive Pronouns dan Adjectivenya :
2. ___ is green. (the blackboard)
3. ___ are on the wall. (the posters)
4. ___ is running. (the dog)
5. ___ are watching TV. (my mother
and I)
6. ___ are in the garden. (the flowers)
7. ___ is riding his bike. (Tom)
8. ___ is from Bristol. (Victoria)
9. ___ has got a brother. (Diana)
10. ___Have got a computer, Mandy?

*Tidak ada possessive pronoun untuk kata ‘it’ karena akan menyulitkan untuk mengartikannya.
Berikut ini contoh-contoh dari possessive pronouns:
This jacket is yours.
That’s Tom’s scarf and those gloves are his too.
Is that Sue and Paul’s car? – No, theirs is black.
Here’s your table and this one is ours.
Is this Anna’s bag? – Yes, it’s hers.
They aren’t my glasses. Mine are brown.
 Fill in the following dots with pronouns
1. Joanie is (John and Nancy) ______
daughter.
2. Is this Jane’s dog? Yes it is ______ dog.
3. The dog is chasing ______ own tail.
4. Pedro and Isabel are Spanish. ______
family is from Spain.
5. Juan is not at school. ______ father took
him to the doctor.
6.Beatriz is married. She showed us ______ ring today.
7.Jose and Maria are dancers. ______ older brother is a
singer.
8.Pepe and I have an English class together. ______
teacher is Ms. Smith.
9. My family has a dog. ______ dog’s name is Lady.
10.The teacher told me not to bring ______ cell phone
to school.

3,Reflexive Pronouns :
Kita menggunakan reflexive pronouns ketika objek dalam suatu kalimat merupakan orang yang sama
dengan subjeknya. Contohnya :
I taught myself to play the guitar. = I learned the guitar on my own. Reflexive Pronouns List :
Have you hurt yourself?
Yes, I cut myself when I prepared the vegetables.
She blames herself for the accident, but it wasn’t anyone’s fault.
The kids really enjoyed themselves at the park.
Would you all like to introduce yourselves?
He wants to teach themself to ski, but it’s better to have lessons.

4. Relative Pronouns
Ketika kamu ingin menggabungkan frase dan mengacu pada
seseorang atau sesuatu, kamu dapat menggunakan relative pronoun.
who – untuk orang
which – untuk benda
that – untuk orang dan benda
where – untuk tempat
Berikut ini contoh-contohnya:
This is the man who helped me yesterday.
An engineer is someone who designs machines.
There are many websites which can help you find a job.
This is the type of computer that I want.
A bakery is a place where you can buy bread.
Do you know a good university where I can study history?
Fill the blanks with who, whom, which or whose !
1. I talked to the girl ..... car had broken down in front of the shop.
2. Mr Richards,..... is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.
3. John is calling the girl ..... I met last night.
4. This is the girl ..... comes from Spain.
5. That’s Peter, the boy ..... has just arrived at the airport.
6. Thank you very much for your e-mail ..... was very interesting.
7. The man, ..... father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
8. The children, ..... Mr. John met in the street, are not from our school.
9. The car, ..... driver is a young man, is from Ireland.
10. What did you do with the money your mother ..... lent you?
TO BE
To Be itu mempunyai fungsi yang cukup penting dalam penggunaannya yaitu sebagai kata penghubung
antara subjek dengan predikat.
To Be dalam bahasa Inggris ini memiliki berbagai macam jenis :
ARE
Are ini bisa digunakan untuk dua
IS
AM macam sudut pandang, diantaranya
Is ini biasa digunakan jika Am adalah subjek pada sudut pandang orang
ini hanya bisa
subject adalah orang ketiga digunakan untuk subject
kedua dan juga subjek berbentuk jamak.
Untuk sudut pandang orang kedua, kita
tunggal. Contohnya : He yang mengacu pada orang biasa mengenal subjek sebagai kata You
(Dia laki-laki), She (Dia pertama tunggal yang mana (Kamu). Sedangkan untuk sudut
Perempuan) dan It (Kata pandang berbentuk jamak, kita biasa
hanya ada satu saja yaitu mengenal subjek sebagai kata We (Kita)
Benda) adalah I (Saya) dan They (Mereka)

WERE
WAS
Ini adalah bentuk past tense dari To Be
Ini bentuk past tense dari To Be Is dan
Are yang mana penjelasannya dan juga
Am yang mana penjelasan dan
penggunaannya hampir sama seperti
penggunaannya masih sama, yaitu Was
penjelasan diatas, yaitu Were ini dalam
ini dalam bahasa Inggris biasa
bahasa Inggris dapat digunakan pada
digunakan pada empat subjek yang
empat subjek yang berbeda seperti
berbeda seperti misalnya He, She, It
misalnya I, You, We, dan They.
dan I.

Penggunaan To Be dalam Bahasa Inggris

1. Penggunaan sebagai kata penghubung antara subject dengan kata benda (noun).
Untuk fungsi Verb To Be dalam bahasa Inggris yang penggunaannya sebagai kata penghubung antara
subject dengan kata benda, susunan kalimatnya tercantum dalam formula sebagai berikut :

Subject + to be + noun

Dari formula tersebut, kita sudah bisa membuat beberapa contoh kalimat yang terstruktur dalam bahasa
Inggris. Berikut adalah contoh penerapan dari formula diatas :
 Is
He is a football player (dia
adalah seorang pemain
sepakbola)
She is an architect (dia
adalah seorang arsitek)
It is a cat (ini adalah seekor
kucing)
Are
They are teachers
(mereka adalah guru)
We are students (kita
adalah murid)
You are a pilot. (Anda
seorang pilot)
Am
I am a dancer (saya adalah
seorang penari)
I am a singer (Saya adalah
seorang penyanyi)
I am a superstar (Saya
adalah seorang superstar)

2. Penggunaan sebagai penghubung antara subject dengan kata sifat (adjective).

Untuk fungsi Verb To Be dalam bahasa Inggris yang penggunaannya sebagai kata penghubung antara subject
dengan kata sifat, susunan kalimatnya tercantum dalam formula sebagai berikut ini :

Subject + to be + Adj
Dari formula yang sudah tersedia tersebut, kita pun sudah bisa membuat kalimat yang menggabungkan antara
subject dengan kata sifat seperti berikut :

Is
He is smart (dia pintar)
She is kind (dia baik hati)
The flower is beautiful
(bunga itu indah)
Are Am
They are diligent (mereka I am happy (saya senang)
rajin) I am sad (Saya sedih)
You are brave (Kamu I am nervous (Saya gugup)
berani)
We are young (Kami
muda)

3. Penggunaan sebagai penghubung antara subject dengan kata Keterangan (adverb).

Untuk fungsi Verb To Be dalam bahasa Inggris yang penggunaannya sebagai kata penghubung antara subject
dengan kata keterangan, biasanya yang digunakan itu berupa keterangan tempat atau waktu. Susunan
kalimatnya bisa dijabarkan dengan formula sebagai berikut ini :

Subject + to be + Keterangan waktu/ tempat

Dari formula yang sudah tersedia tersebut, kita pun sudah bisa membuat kalimat yang menggabungkan antara
subject dengan kata sifat seperti berikut :

Is
She is at the park. (Dia
berada di taman)
He is at the hospital. (Dia
berada di rumah sakit)
He is at the office. (Dia
berada di kantor)
The dinner IS at 7 pm
(Makan malam pada pukul
7 malam)
Are
We are at a restaurant.
(Kami berada di sebuah
restoran)
They are at school
(mereka di sekolah)
You are in my house
(kamu di rumahku)
Am
I am at a hotel. (Saya
sedang di sebuah hotel)
I am in the class. (Saya di
dalam kelas)
I am in the canteen. (Saya
di dalam kantin)
4. Penggunaan sebagai penghubung Kata kerja yang menyatakan sedang melakukan sesuatu.
Untuk fungsi Verb To Be dalam bahasa Inggris yang penggunaannya sebagai kata penghubung kata kerja yang
menyatakan sedang melakukan sesuatu, maka susunan kalimatnya tercantum dalam formula sebagai berikut ini :

S + to be + V(ing)
Dari formula yang sudah tersedia tersebut, kita pun sudah bisa membuat kalimat yang menggabungkan antara
subject dengan kata sifat seperti berikut :

Are Am
Is
You are reading a book. I am studying English. (Saya
He is watching television
(Anda sedang membaca sedang belajar bahasa
(Dia sedang menonton
buku) Inggris)
televisi)
They are singing a song I am walking alone. (Saya
The Rabbit is eating a
(Mereka menyanyikan berjalan sendirian)
carrot. (Kelinci sedang
lagu) I am riding motorcycle
makan wortel)
We are climbing a (Saya mengendarai sepeda
She is going to south. (Dia
mountain (Kita menaiki motor)
sedang pergi ke selatan)
gunung)

Read carefully. You have 20 questions about pronouns .. Good luck

1. In spite of her friends’ 4. We can find the magazine in a. my, their

complaints, he decided to live the library. is very complete. b. me, your
with ___ girl friend in Los We can find c. my, your
Angeles. various books there. d. my, yours
a. him a. my e. yours, mine
b. her b. we 8. Will you lend me your book? I will
c. his c. they return ..... tomorrow. I promise.
d. our d. she a. me
e. us e. it b. her
2. If you to see my family next 5. Nana felt worried about the c. him
weekend, give ___ my best children, so she asked ___ d. it
regards and don’t husband not to go e. us
forget to bring the gifts. abroad for the job. 9. This building is so expensive for
a. us a. his ___ . We can’t pay such a high rent.
b. them b. her We
c. its c. their need to think again.
d. it d. its a. them
e. we e. him b. her
3. I can’t understand ___ when 6. We meet ___ friends at the c. us
they speak Spain. They seem mall yesterday. d. it
weird. They a. our e. him
should study more. b. your 10. I have so many plans. I am afraid
a. me c. its that I can’t realize ___.
b. his d. it a. us
c. her e. me b. them
d. my 7. I can’t find ___ pencil. Can I c. you
e. them borrow ___ , Diana? d. me
e. him
11. He should control ___ words so that he 3. ourselves = ...
wouldn’t say something bad. a. dirinya sendiri
a. her b. dirimu sendiri
b. his c. diri kami sendiri
c. their 4. they = ...
d. our a. dia
e. you b. mereka
12. I need help to finish ___ work. I am so busy c. kami
these days. I am not feeling well now. 5. his ... = ...
a. my a. ...nya (hewan)
b. me b. ...nya (perempuan)
c. their c. ...nya (laki-laki)
d. mine 6. she = ...
e. them a. dia (hewan)
13. I don’t know how to say it to ___ that I love b. dia (perempuan)
him. It is so difficult to say. Any idea? c. dia (laki-laki)
a. it 7. its ... = ...
b. him a. ...nya (hewan)
c. his b. ...nya (perempuan)
d. its c. ...nya (laki-laki)
e. their 8. herself = ...
14. Despite ___ young age, she is very brave to a. dirinya (laki-laki) sendiri
fight the robbers. b. dirinya (hewan) sendiri
a. him c. dirinya (perempuan) sendiri
b. his 9. them = ...
c. her a. dia
d. their b. mereka
e. us c. kami
15. They ate many foods at my birthday party. I 10. me = ...
feel happy that ...... like what I cooked. a. aku
a. them b. kita
b. they c. kamu
c. me
d. I
e. she
Pilihlah arti kata yang paling tepat dari kata
ganti (pronouns) di bawah ini.
1. itself = ....
a. dirinya (perempuan) sendiri
b. dirinya (hewan) sendiri
c. dirinya (laki-laki) sendiri
2. him = ...
a. dia (laki-laki)
b. dia (perempuan)
c.dia (hewan)
 SENTENCE STRUCTURE
CLAUSES
1. A clause is a group of words which has: a subject, ie. the focus of the clause, or someone or thing
which does something in the clause.
2. a complete finite verb, ie. a verb which has a subject and a sense of time.

PHRASES Practice
A phrase is a group of words which either does not A. Make five your own clauses.
have a subject. For example: B. Identify the following as phrases
Verb Infinitive verb Adverb or clauses :
Walks to work everyday 1. Buy a new car.
Or does not have a finite verb. For example: 2. The relationship between buffalo
Subject Verb-ing Pronoun Adjective and crow.
The reason being their kind 3. Bianca ended the game.
4. Because humans are long-lived
and reproduce slowly.
5. Banana tree grown good.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Sentences are made up of clauses and phrases.
All sentences must have at least
one independent clause.
A simple sentence has only one clause, which
must be an independent clause.

Practice
A. Make 3 your own sentences each
of base sentence structure (positive,
negative, and interrogative)
B. Correct Sentences below!
1. Maria cake buys today.
2. Umbrella bring they two.
3. Everyday play I music.
4. Practice you English.
5. Cats we field in find.
 PREPOSITION
WHAT IS PREPOSITION?
Is one of the parts of speech that correlates between two different word or phrase.
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show
direction, time, place, location, or to introduce an object. Some examples of prepositions are
words like "in, "at", "on", and "to".

Preposition of Time
is a preposition that allows you to discuss a specific time period such as a date on the calendar, one of the
days of the week, or the actual time something takes place In general, we use:
at for a Specific TIME, e.g. : I have a meeting at 9am.
in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS, e.g. : In England, it often snows in
December.
on for DAYS and DATES, e.g. : Her birthday is on 20 November.
 Preposition of Place
A preposition of place is a preposition which is used to refer to a place where something or someone is
located. In general, we use:
at for a POINT, e.g. : Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop
in for an ENCLOSED SPACE, e.g. : Do you live in Japan?
on for a SURFACE, e.g. : There are no prices on this menu

Preposition of Direction
Prepositions of direction are used to indicate directions and give users an idea where something is
directed. in general, in on at is used same like Preposition of Place
In = within, e.g. : There is some milk in the fridge.
On = touching something e.g. : He sat on the chair.
At = indicates a particular point, e.g. : Meet me at the stop sign
Above = higher relative to something else, eg. : The sun is above the clouds.
Across = on the other side of, e.g. : My friend lives across the street from me.
Towards = in the direction of, e.g. : The man started walking toward the exit.
Around = in a circular way, e.g. : They told stories around the campfire
off = away from, e.g. : Don’t jump off that wall.
 EXERCISES TIME
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS!!

1. He went _____ market

2. She lives _____ a small town
3. I met him _____ the afternoon
4. He put the books _____ the table
5. There is someone _____ the door
6. Mark was born _____ Toronto, Canada
7. The Prime minister lives _____ 10 car street
8. Indonesians celebrate Independence Day _____ the 17th of August.
9. He prefers to work _____ a farm
10. I heard a noise _____ night, but I was too sleepy to get up
11. We were traveling _____ Miami
12. Jisung is very active _____ the scouting movement
13. There are beautiful cupboards _____ the wall
14. The woman is looking _____ her daughter
15. A : What time are you leaving?
B : I am leaving _____the afternoon. Maybe_____ three o'clock pm. I am coming back _____ Sunday
evening. I'll catch the half past seven train _____ Sunday. I'll be here by nine o'clock.
 ARTICLE A, AN & THE
WHAT IS ARTICLE A, AN & THE?
A, an, the (articles) are words used to limit the meaning of nouns. its function is to complete a phrase or
clause, which is specifically related to the noun or noun in it.
Article is divided into two kinds, namely:
Definite
Indefinite.

Definite Article
The is the article used in the definite
Example
article. The is used for specific things
He goes to school twice
(it has been clear or previously
a week.
explained) including: person , thing
He studied at a reputable
(object), and idea. This word is used
university in town.
before countable or uncountable
nouns

A and an are articles that can be translated as

“seseorang” or “sebuah”.
Indefinite Artikel
If we read objects using vowels (a,i,u,e,o), we
A or an is used in indefinite articles.
must use an. Such as: apple, animal, or elephant,
This article is used for things that are
hour.
not specific or have not been
If the object used is consonant, we must use a as
explained before, including: person,
the article. Such as: Laptop, comb, phone,
thing (object), and idea. This word is
university.
only used before a singular countable
Example
noun
He goes to school twice a week.
He studied at a reputable university in town.

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING APPROPRIATE ARTICLE!!

I don’t see him often, only once or twice.......month

Diana is not at.......office. She has gone home
My father is watering plants in.......garden
On sundays i go out for.......walk
There is someone at.......front of the door
My husband gave me.......diamond necklace in my birthday
Would you like.......cup of coffee?
I saw....... snake in the park yesterday
Do you wear.......uniform?
Look at.......blackboard, please!
 TELLING ABOUT
TIME, DAYS AND MONTH
TELLING TIME
There are two common ways of telling the time in English. The First one
5.10=> ten past five
The Second
5.21=> five twenty one
Use (o’clock) only at the full hour
ex: four o’clock (4.00), three o’clock (3.00)
In ordinary speech, the twelve hour clock is used
ex: 20.30 => Half past six
When we want to point out whether we mean a time before 12 o’clock or after, we can
use In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night.
ex: It’s two o’clock in the afternoon, it’s quarter past ten at night
A.m (ante meridiem) and p.m (post meridiem) are used to point out a time before noon or
after. This is formal way of telling the time. ex: 21.00 (it’s nine p.m), 02.00 ( it’s two a.m)
When we want to be accurate at the other (odd) times, we add word (minute<s>)
ex: 12.16 => It’s sixteen minutes past twelve
20.11 => It’s eleven minute past twenty
DAYS OF THE WEEK

MONTH
WRITING THE DATE

Writing the date

Writing the date We write the date in English in different ways. The most common way in British English
is to write the day of the month first, then the month (starting with a capital letter) and then the year:
ex: 27 November 1992
We can also write the date in numbers only: 27/11/92, 27-11-1992, etc-
Sometimes the last two letters of he number as spoken can be used (th, rd, st, nd):
Today is the 7th September.
The grand opening is on 1st June. or ... on June 1st.
With the exception of May and June, months can be shortened as follows: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Jul, Aug,
Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec.

Here are several different ways to write the date

in English. They vary from formal to informal,
and there are differences between British and
American English. The following table shows
some typical formats.

In written American English, the
month of the date comes
before the day and year. For example,
Independence Day in the
USA is on July 4th each year. In the
year 2000 the date was
4/7/2000 in British English. In
American English this is written
7/4/2000.
Some nouns always have plural form
but they are uncountable because we
cannot use numbers with them.
e.g. :
I bought two pairs of trousers.
Not : I bought two trousers.
Other nouns of this type are: shorts,
pants, pyjamas, glasses (for the eyes),
binoculars, scissors.

We talk about years like this:

• Before the year 2000 Typical error
1492: fourteen ninety-two Make sure you use the correct
1700: seventeen hundred abbreviated form. e.g. :
• After the year 2000 My birthday is the 28th of January.
2000: two thousand Not: ... the 28st ...
2003: two thousand and three or twenty oh three
2012: two thousand and twelve or twenty twelve
 WEATHER
CONVERSATION STARTER PHRASES ABOUT THE WEATHER IN ENGLISH
The sun is shining. (Matahari bersinar.)
• There will be some heavy rain tomorrow. (Akan ada hujan lebat besok.)
• It looks like it’s going to storm. (Sepertinya akan terjadi badai)
• It is going to be a cloudy day tomorrow. (besok akan mendung)
• How about this weather? (Bagaimana dengan cuaca sekarang ?)
• It’s so nice out today, isn’t it? (Hari ini cuacanya bagus, bukan ?
• The weather’s nice today, right? (Cuaca hari ini bagus yah )
• Will it be snowy weather? (Apakah akan menjadi cuaca bersalju?)
• It’s freezing today! Hopefully it doesn’t snow (Dingin sekali hari ini, semoga tidak turun salju)
• Wow, it’s really hot/cold for this time of year. (wow sangat panas/dingin sepanjang tahun ini yah)
• It’s really been pouring all day, huh? (benar-benar hujan yah sepanjang hari)

Vocabulary words to talk about the weather in English

Hot/Warm/Cool/Cold
These are all words that are used to describe the temperature.
Hot is only used to describe very, very warm temperatures such as in the middle of summer. In some parts
of the world it is hot all year, however in most places only throughout the summer months. e.g. :
Wow, it’s so hot outside today, I’ve been sweating non-stop! (Wow sangat panas diluar hari ini, saya
berkeringat tanpa henti )
Warm would usually be used for the Spring and sometimes the Fall. e.g. :
It’s finally warm outside and I can go out with only a t-shirt. (Akhirnya di luar hangat dan saya bisa
menggunakan Tshirt keluar)
Cool/chilly are usually used for the Fall or when it is only a little cold. e.g. :
Tonight will be a little chilly so I’m going to bring an extra jacket. (Malam ini akan sedikit dingin jadi
saya akan membawa jaket yang ekstra)
Cold is only for the winter months when it is very cold and you need a heavy coat. e.g. :
Can you believe how cold it’s been lately with all of this snow? (Bisakah kamu percaya betapa dinginnya
akhir-akhir ini karena turunnya salju)
Sunny/Rainy/Cloudy
Sunny is used to describe a clear day with no clouds in the sky.
Rainy is when it is dark and cloudy with rain.
Cloudy simply when there are many, many clouds in the sky without the sun.
Example :
I strongly prefer sunny days to rainy days because there’s nothing better than relaxing at the beach.
(Saya lebih suka hari yang cerah daripada turun hujan karena tidak ada yg lebih baik dari bersantai di pantai)

Windy/Misty/Foggy
Windy is when there is a lot of wind, usually very strong with the trees blowing all around.
Misty is a bit of a mix between foggy and rainy. If you know the city of San Francisco, this is exactly what
misty is. There is light moisture in the air but not full rain.
Foggy is basically when it is cloudy but on the ground.
Example :
Everyone always thinks San Francisco is warm but really it is often foggy and misty, especially in the
evenings. (orang-orang berpikir bahwa San Fransisco hangat tetapi sebenarnya sering berkabut dan berkabut
(antara hujan dan berkabut) terutama di malam hari)

Dry/Humid
Dry and humid usually refer to climates in general but sometimes that can change based on season.
Example :
Wow, it’s so humid today that I started sweating right when I walked outside! (Wow harinini sangat lembab
sehingga saya mulai berkeringat ketika saya berjalan keluar)
Stormy/Thunder/Lightning
Stormy/ Thunder/Lightning usually refer to climates in general but sometimes that can change based on
season. Stormy describes when the weather is overall very dark, cloudy and rainy. When there is a storm,
thunder is the sound that you hear which is actually the soundmfrom the lightning, or the light flashes in the
sky.
Example :
I wouldn’t go outside right now, it’s really stormy! (Saya tidak ingin keluar rumah, ini benar badai)