A Project Report

On

“Design and stability analysis of cantilever retaining wall using GEO-5

software at village mandvi”

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for BachelorDegree in Civil Engineering

Submitted by
Dethe Abhijeet Ramprasad (B190480022)
Kapse Krushna Babasaheb (B190480051)
Kudke Abhijeet Sushen (B190480058)
Vanwe Vijay Vilas (B190480105)
Kadu Amay Dattoba

Guided By
Prof. A. S. Desai

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TSSM’S PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTDADAPATIL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BAVDHAN, PUNE-21

SAVITRIBAI PHULE UNIVERSITY OF PUNE 2023-24.

 TSSM’S
PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTDADA PATIL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BAVDHAN, PUNE -21
SAVITRIBAIPHULE UNIVERSITY OF PUNE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following student have satisfactorily carried out their B.E. project work
entitled “Design and stability analysis of cantilever retaining wall using GEO-5 software at
village mandvi”. This work is being submitted for the award of degree of Bachelor of Civil
Engineering. It is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of Savitribai
Phule Pune University, Pune, for the academic year 2023 – 2024.

Examination Seat No.: Name of students:

B190480022 Dethe Abhijeet Ramprasad
B190480051 Kapse Krushna Babasaheb
B190480058 Kudke Abhijeet Sushen
B190480105 Vanwe Vijay Vilas
Kadu Amay Dattoba

Prof. A. S. Desai DR. D. B. Jasutkar

Guide H. O. D. ( Civil )

Dr. R. S. Pawar
Principal External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude towards my guide Prof. A. S. Desai (Civil
Engineering Department) for giving me an opportunity to work on this topic. They have
always encouraged me with new ideas & helped me to develop interest in this field. There
valuable inputs, precise guidance, unremitting encouragement & vigilant supervision were
instrumental in carrying out this topic.

I would also like to thank Dr. R. S. Pawar (Principal, PVPIT), Dr. D. B. Jasutkar
(H.O.D. Civil Engineering Department, PVPIT) & all Civil Engineering faculties for their
kind advice & support. I also thankful to my parents for their moral support, motivation &
encouragement. Thank you.

Dethe Abhijeet Ramprasad

Kapse Krushna Babasaheb

Kudke Abhijeet Sushen

Vanwe Vijay Vilas

Kadu Amay Dattoba

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

Content

CONTENT Page No.

1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………... 3-12

1.1 Cantilever Retaining wall……………………………………………………. 3

1.2 Geo-5 Software ……………………………………………………………... 4

1.3 Aim …………………………………………………….................................. 5

1.4 Objective ……………………………………………………………………. 5

1.5 Need for the study …………………………………………………………... 5

1.6 Problem statement …………………………………………………………... 5

2 Literature Review ……………………………………………………………….. 6-11

2.1 National Papers ……………………………………………………………... 6

2.2 International Papers …………………………………………………………. 9

3 Methodology …………………………………………………………................. 11

Design Procedure for Cantilever Retaining Wall using Geo-5 Software 14

4 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………… 15

5 Reference………………………………………………………………………... 16

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

ABSTRACT
Retaining walls play a crucial role in civil engineering projects, providing stability to soil,
preventing erosion, and mitigating landslides. To design and analyses these walls effectively, a
profound understanding of soil mechanics, structural engineering principles, and various wall
configurations is required. One notable configuration is the Cantilever Retaining Wall, which is
known for its simplicity and effectiveness in resisting lateral earth pressures. However, for taller
retaining walls, incorporating a column has shown potential in achieving greater cost-efficiency
The study utilizes manual calculations, as well as GEO-5 software tools. The research involves a
thorough examination and design of Cantilever Retaining Wall

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Cantilever Retaining wall.

Cantilever walls are built using reinforced concrete, with an L-shaped, or inverted T-shaped,
foundation. This kind of retaining wall wall consists of a stem and a base slab (or footing) which
sits under the backfill. A retaining wall is a structure designed to hold back soil or other materials
and prevent them from sliding or eroding. It is commonly used in landscaping and civil
engineering projects.

 Parts of Cantilever retaining wall

Figure 1 Components of cantilever retaining wall

1. Stem: It is the vertical upright portion of the cantilever wall which supports or restrains the
lateral confinement. The stem has a greater slender ratio. Sometimes the stem is made of the
same thickness throughout and sometimes they are made thicker at the base.
2. Toe: it is the base footing embedded on the soil to the outside part of the wall where the soil
mass has not to be retained.
3. Heel: It is also part of the base footing embedded on soil but to inside part of the wall where
soil mass has to be retained. The length of the heel is relatively larger. This is done in order
to increase the self-weight of the wall. In doing so, the soil above the heel acts as the part of
the wall and thus provides weight at the base of footing, which increases the restoring
moment against the moment due to the lateral force of the retaining mass.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 3

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

1.2 GEO5 software

The software used for the study is GEO5. It works on the combined principles of both analytical
methods and Finite Element Method. GEO5 adopts a unique system of implementing standards
and partial safety factors which are separate from structural input.

2 APPLICATIONS OF GEO5 software

GEO5 is a geotechnical software package that is used to solve various geotechnical problems.
Besides the common geotechnical engineering task (slope stability, foundations, retaining walls),
it also includes the applications for the analysis of tunnels, building damage due to tunneling or
rock slope stability. The powerful programs in GEO5 suite is based on both analytical method as
well as finite element method. The analytical method of computation (e.g. slope stability,
sheeting design) allow users to design and also to check structures quickly and efficiently. The
designed structure is transferred into the FEM where the finite element method is used for the
overall general analysis of the structure. It saves designers time as well ascompares two
independent solutions, thus increasing the design safety. It is a powerful and easy to usepackage
which consists of individual programs having a consistent graphical interface. Each program
analyses a different geotechnical task but all modules can communicate with each other and form
an integrated package.

GEO-5 software package that could be used for:

a. Analysis of stability
b. Design of excavation
c. Design of retaining wall
d. Design of foundation
e. Analysis of soil settlement
f. Model of digital terrain
g. Analysis of advanced finite element (F.E.)

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 4

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

1.3 Aim:-
Design & stability analysis of cantilever retaining wall using GEO-5 Software at village Mandvi.

1.4 Objectives:-
 To determine the soil properties by using laboratory test of sample collected from site
 To analysis the stability of cantilever retaining wall by using GEO-5 software
 To design the cantilever retaining wall as per the analysis
 To Determination of basic properties of foundation soil and fill material.

1.5 Need for the Study

The study of the design and stability of a cantilever retaining wall using GEO-5 software is
essential for several reasons:
 Safety: The primary concern in any engineering project is safety. A thorough study using
GEO-5 software allows engineers to assess the stability of the retaining wall under various
loading conditions, ensuring that it can withstand the forces acting upon it without failure.
 Optimization: By utilizing GEO-5 software, engineers can optimize the design of the
cantilever retaining wall to ensure that it is both structurally sound and cost-effective. The
software allows for iterative analysis and design modifications to achieve an optimal
solution.
 Compliance: Engineering designs must adhere to relevant codes and standards. Conducting
a study using GEO-5 software enables engineers to ensure that the cantilever retaining wall
meets the requirements set forth by industry standards and regulatory bodies.
 Risk Mitigation: Understanding the behavior of the retaining wall under different scenarios
helps in identifying potential failure modes and implementing appropriate mitigation
measures to reduce risks associated with construction and long-term performance.

1.6 Problem statement

Stability analysis is a critical aspect of addressing the problem statement of a cantilever retaining

wall. This involves conducting calculations to determine the forces acting on the wall and
ensuring that it can resist these forces without failure.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 5

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 National Papers

2.1.1 Analysis and Design of Stepped Cantilever Retaining Wall

Dr. S.S Patil
Vol. 4 Issue 02, February-2015 JERT

ABSTRACT

Retaining wall is one of the most important types of retaining structures. It is extensively used in
variety of situations such as highway engineering, railway engineering, bridge engineering and
irrigation engineering. Reinforced concrete retaining walls have a vertical or inclined stem cast
with base slab. These are considered suitable up to a height of 6m. It resists lateral earth pressure
by cantilever action of stem, toe slab and heel slab. The tendency of wall to slide forward due to
lateral earth pressure should be investigated and a factor of safety of 1.5 shall be provided
against sliding. Cantilever retaining walls are found best up to a height of 6m.For greater heights
earth pressure due to retained fill will be higher due to lever arm effect, higher moments are
produced at base, which leads to higher section for stability design as well as structural design.
This proves to be an uneconomical design. As an alternative to this, one may go for counter fort
retaining wall, which demands greater base area as well as steel. As a solution to this difficulty, a
new approach that is to minimize effect of forces coming from retained fill , short reinforced
concrete members in the form of cantilever steps are cast along the stem on the retaining face.
Addition of these steps would counterbalance the locally appearing forces and will result into
lesser moment and shear forces along the stem. Also it will reduce the bending action that is
pressure below the base.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 6

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

2.1. 2 Design and Analysis of Lateral Earth Pressure Effect on Cantilever Retaining Wall
U.Sobana, S.Gayathri
Volume 7, Special Issue 5, April 2018 IJIRSET

ABSTRACT

Retaining walls provide support for vertical or near vertical grade changes, while also preventing
erosion or down slope movement. The backfill is usually associated with an amount of surface
strip load, thereby creating lateral pressure which acts onto the non-yielding retaining wall. The
purpose of this report is to calculate the lateral earth pressures and how stability of a retaining
structure is influenced by these pressures. Calculations are made which will involve Rankine
earth pressure theory. Rankine’s theory is then taken further to investigate the bearing, sliding
and overturning with various soil foundation and backfill material.. Various models of the
structures have been created using staad.pro software. All analysis and design are based on the
ACI code.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 7

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

2.1.3 Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall.

Kajal Raut, Achal Meshram, Arati Ikhar
Volume-3, Issue-1, January-2020 IJRESM

ABSTRACT

The paper deals with the design and cost economics of a 4m high and 272m long earth fill
retaining wall. The aim was to design cantilever retaining wall section and its costing for the
horizontal backfill. For that actual parameters from Three Jewels, Pune site were considered. The
retaining wall designed for section 1-1 with retaining height 3.35m (as per the geotechnical strata
report). As part of consulting engineering firm, the purpose of retaining wall for the Three Jewels
site was to maintain two different earth levels where the ground level changes abruptly due to
sloppy area. This is constructed in between phase-II and Phase –III in future development.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 8

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

2.2 International Papers

2.2.1 Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall with 4m Height

Tamadher Abood, Hatem E.Younis Eldawi
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (318-326), Month: April 2015 - September 2015

ABSTRACT

Retaining structures hold back soil or other loose material where an abrupt change in ground
elevation occurs. The retained material or backfill exerts a push on the structure and thus tends to
overturn or slide it, or both. The cantilever is the most common type of retaining wall and is used
for walls in the range of 3to 6m in height. This study presents analyses and design of cantilever
retaining wall which is made from an internal stem of steel-reinforced, cast-in-place concrete
(often in the shape of an inverted T). In this work a detailed analyses and design for this type of
walls which include estimation of primary dimensions of the wall, then these dimensions were
checked. The factor of safety against sliding, overturning and bearing were calculated. The shear
resistance for the base, the tension stresses in the stem and the tension stresses for the base were
checked. Calculation of reinforcement for each part of the wall was done. All analysis and design
are based on the ACI code.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 9

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

2.2.2 Analysis and Design of Ecological Cantilever Retaining Wall.

I.S. Muhammad, A.S. Muhammed
Volume 20, Issue 2 Ser. III (Mar. – Apr. 2023) (IOSR-JMCE)

ABSTRACT

Demolition is defined as the process of destroying down or collapsing down of large buildings
after its useful life. The demolition of concrete is common in most of the renovation and
rehabilitation projects in the construction industry. For smaller structures, it is a simple process
with lighter equipment and for larger structures, it may require the use of equipment,
machineries, and explosives or with manual techniques without affecting the surrounding. In
some projects, it may be required to confine the demolition to a small portion of the structure or
to a shallow depth on a concrete member. Implosion is the method of demolition using
explosives. The use of traditional demolition methods may not be feasible or may be required
special precautions and procedures. A soundless chemical demolition agent (SCDA) is used for
performing controlled concrete demolition on a small scale. This paper describes a comparative
study on different methods of demolition and where they can be implemented.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 10

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3. Methodology

The various steps involved in the stability analysis of retaining wall in Mandvi(budruk) Pune are
as follows:

Step 1: Site Investigation

The first step in the methodology of constructing a cantilever retaining wall is to conduct a
thorough site investigation and analysis. This includes assessing the soil conditions, groundwater
levels, and any potential loads that the retaining wall may need to withstand. The site
investigation helps in determining the appropriate design parameters for the retaining wall.

Figure 2 Location of site

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 11

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

Step 2 Soil sample Collection

construction and civil engineering, soil sample collection is fundamental for geotechnical
investigations. The analysis of soil properties aids in determining the suitability of the site for
construction projects, designing foundations, and assessing potential risks such as landslides or
subsidence.

Figure 3 Collection of soil sample

Step 3 Testing of soil Sample

Once collected, soil samples are analyzed in laboratories. The results obtained from these
analyses provide valuable insights into soil quality and characteristics. The accurate collection
and analysis of soil samples provide essential data for informed decision-making processes that
impact land use, environmental sustainability, and infrastructure development.

Step 4 Analysis the cantilever retaining wall

After defining the load cases, the next step is to analyze the design using Geo-5. This involves
running a series of analysis cases to determine the stress and deformation of the retaining wall
under each load case. The results of the analysis can be viewed in the form of graphs and tables,
which can be used to evaluate the performance of the design.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 12

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

Step 5 Design of cantilever retaining wall.

Based on the results of the analysis, the next step is to optimize the design by adjusting the wall’s
geometry and material properties to minimize the stress and deformation of the wall. This may
involve modifying the wall’s height, length, or cross-sectional shape, or changing the material
properties of the wall.

Step 6: Generate the Design Report

Finally, the last step is to generate a design report that summarizes the results of the analysis and
design process. This report should include the following:
1) Project description: A brief overview of the project, including the site location and the
purpose of the retaining wall.
2) Design parameters: The height and length of the retaining wall, the type of loads to be
considered, and the desired safety factor.
3) Geometry and material properties: The shape and size of the retaining wall, as well as the
strength and stiffness of the material used.
4) Analysis results: A summary of the results of the analysis, including the stress and
deformation of the retaining wall under each load case.
5) Optimization results: A description of any changes made to the design to optimize the
performance of the retaining wall.
6) Conclusion: A conclusion summarizing the results of the design process and providing
recommendations for future work.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 13

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

 Design Procedure for Cantilever Retaining Wall using Geo-5 Software

The cantilever retaining wall is a structural element used to prevent soil movement and maintain
stability on slopes or embankments. Geo-5 software, a powerful tool for geotechnical
engineering, can be used to design cantilever retaining walls with ease.

Step 1 : Project Setup

1. Open Geo-5 software and create a new project.
2. Define the project’s location and the type of analysis you want to perform (e.g., cantilever
retaining wall).
3. Set up the project’s units and parameters.

Step 2: Site Preparation

1. Define the site boundary and the location of the retaining wall.
2. Import the site data, including topography, geology, and hydrology.
3. Create a grid system to discretize the site into a series of cells.

Step 3: Wall Design

1. Define the cantilever retaining wall’s geometry and properties, such as height, length, and
material properties.
2. Choose the appropriate analysis type for the wall (e.g., static, dynamic, or seismic).
3. Define the wall’s support conditions, such as the type of foundation and the depth of the
foundation.
4. Perform the analysis to determine the wall’s response under different loads.

Step 4: Results and Interpretation

1. Review the results of the analysis, including the wall’s displacement, stress, and strain.
2. Interpret the results and determine if the wall meets the design requirements.
3. Modify the wall’s geometry or properties as needed to meet the design requirements.

Step 5: Reporting
1. Generate a report summarizing the results of the analysis.
2. Include the wall’s design parameters, such as the height, length, and material properties.
3. Provide a detailed description of the analysis and the results obtained.
4. Include any recommendations for future work or modifications.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 14

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSIONS

4. Conclusions

 Design a suitable retaining wall is able to stabilize the soil & avoid overturning.

 The design of a cantilever retaining wall involves various considerations to ensure its
stability and longevity

 Testing the soil for a cantilever retaining wall is crucial to ensure its stability and
performance

 It is essential to adhere to local building codes and regulations to ensure the wall can
withstand expected loads and environmental conditions.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 15

 DESIGN & STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING GEO-5
SOFTWARE AT VILLAGE MANDVI

CHAPTER 5

REFERENCES

5. References

[1] Dr. S.S Patil, “Analysis and Design of Stepped Cantilever Retaining Wall” (IJERT) Vol. 4
Issue 02, February-2015

[2] U.Sobana1 , S.Gayathri 2, “Design and Analysis of Lateral Earth Pressure Effect on
Cantilever Retaining Wall” Volume 7, Special Issue 5, April 2018

[3] Tamadher Abood1 , Hatem E.Younis Eldawi2 , Faeza R. Elnaji Abdulrahim3 ,” Design of
Cantilever Retaining Wall with 4m Height ” Volume-3, Issue-1, January-2020 ijsrt

[4] Kajal Raut1 , Achal Meshram2 , Arati Ikhar3 , “Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall ”
Volume-3, Issue-1, January-2020 IJRESM.

PVPIT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 16