Kovtun Diana PhEb -1-20 24.09.

2022

LORD OF THE FLIES

by W. Golding
Assignment # 2
Chapter II “Fire on the Mountain”
Chapter III “Huts on the Beach”
Ex. 1. Learn the pronunciation of the underlined words in the text and be ready to explain their meaning in English:

Perpendicular - /ˌpɜːpənˈdɪkjələ /- not leaning to one side or the other but exactly vertical
Seized - /siːz/ - to take hold of something suddenly and violently
Caressed - /kəˈresd/ - to touch someone gently in a way that shows you love them (пестити)
Ebullience - /ɪbˈʊl.i.əns/ - the quality of being full of energy and happiness (ентузіазм)
Maintenance - /ˈmeɪn.tən.əns/ - the work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc. in good condition (обслуговування)
Grotesque - /ɡrəʊˈtesk/ - strange and unpleasant, especially in a silly or slightly frightening way
Incompetence - /ɪnˈkɒm.pɪ.təns/ - lack of ability to do something successfully or as it should be done (некомпетентність)
Contemptuously - /kənˈtemp.tʃu.əs.li/ - in a way that shows strong dislike or a lack of respect for someone or something (зневажливо)
Horizon - /həˈraɪ.zən/ - the line at the farthest place that you can see, where the sky seems to touch the land or sea
Silhouette - /ˌsɪl.uˈet/ - a dark shape seen against a light surface (силует)
Tumult - /ˈtʃuː.mʌlt/ - a loud noise, especially that produced by an excited crowd, or a state of confusion, change, or uncertainty (метушня)
Tirade - /taɪˈreɪd/ /tɪˈreɪd/ - a long, angry speech expressing strong disapprova
Spear - /spɪər/ - a weapon consisting of a pole with a sharp, usually metal, point at one end, that is either thrown or held in the hand (спис)
Opaque - /əʊˈpeɪk/ - preventing light from travelling through, and therefore not transparent or translucent (непрозорий)
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Ex. 2. Explain the word combinations in bold in the text. Use them in situations of your own.
looked round challengingly - (оглянутися з викликом) - to go through a place in order to see what is there : to explore a place
breaks 'em-" – (порушити правила) - to discontinue an association, an agreement, or a relationship
about to cry – (бути готовим розплакатися) - you are going to cry it very soon
twisted further into himself – (зніяковіти) - to contort or bend into a particular shape or position
keep up with – (не відставати) - to continue to be informed about something
tumbled scar – appeared a mark left on part of the body after an injury, such as a cut
found room for a hand-hold - help and advice given to someone when they are doing something for the first time
broke into a cheer – (вломитися) to get into a building or car using force, usually to steal something
caught Jack's eye - to get someone's attention (перехопив погляд Джека)
keep the fire going – (пильнувати вогонь) - to maintain daily routine and provide the necessities of life in a home or community
A murmur rose and swept away - literally, to brush, push, or carry someone or something away
cocked ears at - to listen to someone or something intently (насуплені вуха)
lost his temper - to get angry: I lost my temper and yelled at him (втратив самовладання)
snatched back - to make a sudden effort to seize something back (вирвався назад)
crowd was as silent as death - completely silent (натовп мовчав, ніби мертвий)
on all fours – (рачки, на четвереньках) on hands and knees or (of an animal) on all four legs rather than just the hind ones.
Undergrowth – (підлісок) - a dense growth of shrubs and other plants, especially under trees in woodland.
Solemn ( офіційний, урочистий) - formal and dignified.
wander off – (блукати) To wander away from somewhere
Got fed up – (набридло) annoyed, unhappy, or bored, especially with a situation that has existed for a long time.
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Ex. 3 Give English equivalents to the following phrases:

влізти в розмову - to break in,
голосувати підніманням руки - hand-hold; have “hands-up”,
вибух сміху – to shout with laughter;
шукати підтримки - pretending interest,
непідтверджений доказами - unbacked by any proof,
втратити нитку розмови - lost his thread,
перекричати - to make the point loudly; to shout in rage.
Завищати - shout,
Запищати – break into shrills,
вийти з себе - lose one’s temper,
жестикулювати, намагаючись підібрати відповідне слово – to gesticulate widely.
Ex.4. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
1. Ralph surveyed the wreck with distaste.
2. He rolled over and peered into Jack's fierce, dirty face
3. He screwed up his eyes and swung round to search the horizon
4. The ground was hardened by an accustomed tread and as Jack rose to his full height he heard something moving on it
5. He squatted down, parted the leaves arid looked out into the clearing.
Ex.5. Give a written translation of the extract from “They found a likeliest path” ... up to “Not for the two of us”.
They found the likeliest path down and began tugging at the dead wood. And the Вони знайшли найближчу стежку донизу і почали тягати сухостій. А малі
small boys who had reached the top came sliding too till everyone but Piggy was хлопчики, які дісталися до вершини, теж почали сповзати, поки всі, крім
busy. Most of the wood was so rotten that when they pulled it broke up into a Пеггі, не були зайняті. Більшість деревина була така гнила, що коли вони
shower of fragments and woodlice and decay; but some trunks came out in one тягнули її, вона розпадалася на дощ уламків, мокриць і гнилі; але деякі
piece. The twins, Sam 'n Eric, were the first to get a likely fog but they could do стовбури вийшли цілими. Близнюки, Сем та Ерік, були першими відчули
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nothing till Ralph, Jack, Simon, Roger and Maurice found room for a hand-hold.
Then they inched the grotesque dead thing up the rock and toppled it over on top.
Each party of boys added a quota, less or more, and the pile grew. At the return
Ralph found himself alone on a limb with Jack and they grinned at each other,
sharing this burden. Once more, amid the breeze, the shouting, the slanting
sunlight on the high mountain, was shed that glamour, that strange invisible light
of friendship, adventure, and content.
"Almost too heavy."
Jack grinned back.
"Not for the two of us."
ймовірний туман, але вони нічого не могли зробити, поки Ральф, Джек,
Саймон, Роджер і Ральф, Джек, Саймон, Роджер і Моріс не знайшли місце, де
можна було б взятися за руки. Тоді вони витягли гротескну мертву істоту
нагору по скелі і перекинули його на вершину скелі. Кожна партія хлопців
додавала свою частку, меншу чи більшу, і купа зростала. Повернувшись,
Ральф опинився наодинці з Джеком, і вони посміхнулися один до одного,
розділивши цей тягар. І знову, серед вітру, криків, косих сонячних променів,
що падали на високу гору, пролився той шарм, те дивне невидиме світло
дружби, пригод і задоволення.
- "Майже занадто важкий".
Джек посміхнувся у відповідь.
- "Не для нас двох".

Ex.6 Find synonyms in the text for the following words:

Tog (n) - Clothes (their cloaks),

shell (n) - Bomb,
fight (v) - Baffle,
stare (v) – gaze at,
take back (v) - Snatch back,
seriously (adv) – Solemn
Ex.7. Make list of verbs to describe the way Ralf behaved being the chief at the first meeting.
Laughing, Ralph looked for confirmation round the ring of faces. Ralph pushed both hands through his hair and looked at the little boy in mixed amusement and
exasperation. Ralph was annoyed and, for the moment, defeated. He felt himself facing something ungraspable. The eyes that looked so intently at him were without
humor. The simple statement, unbacked by any proof but the weight of Ralph's new authority, brought light and happiness. He had to wave the conch before he could make
them hear him. Ralph pushed back the tangle of fair hair that hung on his forehead Jack, left on his feet, looked uncertainly at Ralph who smiled and patted the log. He
gesticulated widely. Ralph laughed. Ralph explained kindly. Ralph looked at the little boy in mixed amusement and exasperation. Ralph was annoyed and, for the moment,
defeated. Ralph flushed, looking sideways at Piggy's open admiration. Ralph shouted at him.
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Ex.8. Topics for discussion:

 What was the result of the first meeting?

Ralph announces to the boys the results of the morning's explorations. He explains that they are on an uninhabited island. At this point, Jack interjects and insists that
they need an army to hunt the pigs. Recognizing that the meeting has devolved into disorder, Ralph announces that they will have to establish rules, not only in
meetings, but also to organize day-to-day life. He states that, in meetings, the boys will have to raise their hands, like in school, so as to ensure that they speak one at a
time. The boy whose turn it is to speak will receive the conch shell, which he will hold while talking, and then will pass it along to the next speaker. Ralph tells the
boys that their goal while stranded shall be twofold: one, they should try to ensure their rescue, and two, they should try to have fun. . Ralph suggests that they build a
fire on the top of the mountain, for the smoke will signal their presence to passing ships.

 What happened on the mountain?

On the mountaintop, the boys find a huge patch of dead wood and start a fire, using Piggy's eyeglasses. A massive bonfire that quickly burns itself out results. Jack
volunteers his hunters to maintain a signal fire. Suddenly, in the midst of a complaint that no one will let him talk, Piggy sees that they've started a forest fire.

 Do you think the conch is symbolic?

The conch is used not only to call meetings but also to establish order when the boys talk. Thus, the conch symbolizes civilization, adult rules, and the democratic process.
As Ralph is the first to utilize the conch as a social tool, it also becomes a symbol of Ralph's legitimacy as a leader.
The conch represents unity, order, and authority.
Unity
The conch acts as a symbol of unity when it is used to call the boys together. The first time Ralph blows the conch, the boys come together, and they continue to do so
throughout the novel. Even after Jack forms a new tribe not based on the power of the conch, the boys still respond when Ralph calls a meeting.
Order
During one of the early meetings, Ralph decides that they will use the conch to maintain order. Whoever holds the conch is the only boy who is allowed to speak.
Authority
Although Ralph is elected chief, the true authority lies in the conch. Ralph is elected as leader because he was the boy who blew the conch and called them all together. It
was his tie to the conch that provided him authority. when the conch was crushed, Ralph's authority was completely lost.

 What way did Piggy’s behavior differed from other boys’?

Piggy is the intellectual with poor eyesight, a weight problem, and asthma. He is the most physically vulnerable of all the boys, despite his greater intelligence. Piggy
represents the rational world. By frequently quoting his aunt, he also provides the only female voice.
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Piggy's intellect benefits the group only through Ralph; he acts as Ralph's advisor. He cannot be the leader himself because he lacks leadership qualities and has no
rapport with the other boys. Piggy also relies too heavily on the power of social convention. He believes that holding the conch gives him the right to be heard. He
believes that upholding social conventions get results.

 What was the attitude of the boys towards Simon and to what he said?
Simon's role as an artistic, religious visionary is established not only by his hidden place of meditation but also by the description of his eyes: "so bright they had deceived
Ralph into thinking him delightfully gay and wicked." While Piggy has the glasses — one symbol of vision and truth — Simon has bright eyes, a symbol of another kind of
vision and truth.
Simon is different from the other boys not only due to his physical frailty, manifested in his fainting spells, but also in his consistently expressed concern for the more
vulnerable boys. Littluns follow him, and he picks choice fruit for them from spots they can't reach, a saintly or Christ-like image. He stands up for Piggy and helps him get
his glasses back when Jack knocks them off his head, another allusion to Simon's visionary bent. In addition, he has a secret place in the jungle, where he spends time
alone.
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