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DOI: https://doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2022.4.1.11
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Abstract: Student boarders’ satisfaction has been regard as the most important indicator in
evaluating student-housing quality and services. This study determined the status of students’
boarding houses in the University of Eastern Philippines Laoang Campus. The respondents
were students residing in boarding houses using universal sampling. The research design
employed is a descriptive method, using a survey questionnaire, and the statistical tools used
are frequency counts, percentages, and mean. Findings revealed that the respondents were in
their late teenage years, there were more females, most were still single, majority has a family
income of 5000-below, and most were BSEd. Only few completed the needed requirements,
has a distance 1kilometer-below from the school, has 4-5 room occupants, has a monthly rental
of 401-500, students’ boarders were allowed to used charcoal in cooking, additionally, open
well as the source of water supply, almost all used manual flush in their comfort room, not all
were allowed to used available appliances, and garbage was collected by disposal team. The
respondents were satisfied in terms of the residential satisfaction according to specific
attributes but encountered problems such as lack and unsafe water supply, and no abode
policies and contracts executed.
1. Introduction
Nowadays, students pursue higher education to improve their respective socio-economic status
and of their society as a whole. Students consider staying away from their homes. As a result,
students tend to seek temporary residences such as dormitories or boarding houses for their
own learning comfort. It is apparent that students distant from their hometown and families
when coming to the urban to study usually rented boarding houses/dormitories that pay for
monthly rates. This helps them maximize their time in doing schoolwork instead of traveling
for long hours. Commuting drains enough energy for the body to access the state of rest, which
will be an inconvenience if you have a lot of work to be accomplished. Thus, boarding houses
are not surprisingly located near school campuses. This is because students want to save time
and transportation fare. As students grew exponentially in number, there is more demand for
room and boarding facilities that result in an unmatched rise of demand. In catering services
to customers, owners should always think of how they can provide maximum satisfaction. It
is important to be sensitive to the individual concerns of each lessee to be able to support them
from their essential needs (Newyorkessays, 2016).
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Filipino students can vary from staying with parents to living in a boarding house. Most
dormitories and boarding houses in the Philippines are privately owned and that the quality of
the facilities and living conditions are variable and mostly unregulated. Each dwelling unit has
the following furniture for each student: bed with used cushion, study table and chair, and
locker for storage. Toilets, study, dining, and recreational facilities are communal. Students
can bring in their personal equipment (e.g., computers, electric fans, electronic gadgets) but
they pay for an additional charge for the use of electricity. The ratio of toilet facilities and
student users is insufficient. Often students have to line up to use the facilities (Velasquez-
Garcia & Garcia, 2016).
The majority of students of the University of Eastern Philippines Laoang Campus come from
far-flung barangays and from its neighboring municipalities like Palapag, Mapanas, Gamay,
Lapinig, Pambujan, and San Roque. Some stay with their relatives while others stay in
boarding houses. The kind of a boarding house can affect the student’s academic performance.
If the environment is depressing to students, that depression will interfere with a student’s study
skills. On the other hand, if the environment is lively, a lot of activity and free from pressure,
that also can have an effect on students’ performance. Students must feel comfortable within
their environment, and in an environment, that facilitates a good balance between school
responsibilities and personal life. At the University of Eastern Philippines Laoang Campus, it
is believed that one of the potent factors that contribute to the academic performance of the
students is the quality of housing that is accorded to them. It is the aim of this study to look
into the profile of the students and profile of the boarding houses of the students at the
University of Eastern Philippines Laoang Campus that will serve as a benchmark for planning
and implementation.
Objectives
This study determined the Status of Boarding Houses of Students in each department in the
University of Eastern Philippines Laoang Campus school year 2020-2021.
Specifically, this study aimed:
1) To identify the profile of the student-boarders as to age, gender, civil status and monthly
family income.
2) To determine the profile of the boarding houses.
3) To determine the level of satisfaction of the students according to specific attribute:
a. Students’ Living Condition
b. Community Facilities and Services
c. Neighborhood Physical Surrounding
d. Students’ Social Activities
e. Cost of Living
f. Students’ Preference
4) To determine the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the students in
their boarding houses
2. Literature Review
Living in a boarding house or dormitory is necessary for students who come from far places.
In Davao City, an observable statistics of university students from neighboring provinces and
the city’s outskirts live in these temporary residences. However, reports reveal that these
housing facilities, most of the time, fail to consider students’ safety and welfare. This study
determined the living conditions of university students in boarding houses and dormitories.
This is anchored on the premise that the physical and environmental components of these
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Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences
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residential facilities could affect students’ holistic well-being. Data elicited through a survey
involving five hundred seventy-one (571) respondents and focused group discussion among
selected groups of student-boarders/dormers, reveal that a student’s stay in a boarding house
and dormitory has significant contributions to his/her personal, social, academic and emotional
growth. However, this has nothing to do with the development of his/her spirituality. Results
demonstrate further, that respondents have recognized their boarding houses and dormitories
possessing good basic housing facilities. However, they felt the deficiency in the provisions
of safety and security facilities, especially on fire escapes or exits and fire extinguishers. This
manifests that most operators have violated some requirements set under the Building Code of
the Philippines (Brillantes et at, 2012).
Students who live in housing facilities are expected to have better performance in school than
those who live in substandard homes. Good housing facilities with a clean environment,
sanitary waste disposal system, potable water supply, and peaceful surroundings will enable
students to concentrate better in their studies. They are afforded the materials, gadgets,
supplies, and equipment needed in schoolwork (Bomogao, et.al. 2010).
Boarding school has been a feature of education systems for centuries. Minimal large-scale
quantitative data have been collected to examine its association with important educational and
other outcomes. The present study represents one of the largest studies into boarding school
conducted to date. It investigates boarding school and students’ motivation, engagement, and
psychological well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, interpersonal relationships)— controlling for
sociodemographic, achievement, personality, and school covariates. The main sample
comprised 5,276 high school students (28% boarding students; 72% day students) from 12 high
schools in Australia. A subsample of 2,002 students (30% boarding students; 70% day
students) had pretest data, enabling analyses of gains or declines in outcomes across the school
year. Results indicated predominant parity between boarding and day students on most
outcome factors, some modest positive results favoring boarding students, and no notable
differences in gains or declines on outcomes between boarders and day students over the course
of one academic year. Implications for researchers, the boarding sector, parents, and students
are discussed (Martin et al, 2016).
The ability of first-year college students to cope with problems during their first year in college
is crucial for their adjustment. Thus, this study essentially investigated the living arrangement
problems, academic performance, and coping strategies of first-year college students. It made
use of the descriptive correlational method of research with 975 respondents. The instruments
used in the study are self-made questionnaires, documentary analysis, and Coping Strategies
Inventory. Results show that most of them have Satisfactory Academic Performance and
always use emotion-focused coping strategy specifically positive reinterpretation and growth,
acceptance, and turning to religion. First-year college students are in a time of transition from
living with their parents to living on their own. Their coping strategies are important to help
them deal with the living arrangement problems they encounter (Tattao, 2016).
Reyes (2016) assessed the profile of the boarding houses of the students enrolled in Kalinga-
Apayao State College during the period 2010-2011. The study specifically determined the
profile of the student boarders as to gender, age, degree program enrolled, and ethnic affiliation;
the profile of the boarding houses as identified parameters, and the degree of seriousness of
problems encountered by the student boarders. Findings of the study were the following: the
student boarders varied in their profile with the females dominating, more from ages 18-20 or
from the second to fourth-year levels, from the BEED and BSED programs, and are mostly
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e-ISSN: 2682-8502 | Vol. 4, No. 1, 113-126, 2022
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from the Kalinga tribe coming from the far-flung areas of the province; the majority of the
boarding houses of the students was of the single type which accommodates 4-6 student
boarders with a monthly rental of P701 and above including water and electric bills; the
boarding houses have their artesian wells as the source of water for their student boarders;
almost all of them use the manual flush type of comfort rooms which is common for both males
and female boarders; the main appliance used by students in their boarding house was the
electric fan with a small number using television, and burning of wastes was a dominant
practice of the boarders as a way of waste disposal. Finally, the problems of the student
boarders were generally moderately serious with three identified problems very serious,
namely: no abode policies, rules and regulations, and contracts executed between the
landlady/landlord and the boarders, and common bath and comfort rooms for both male and
female boarders. Recommendations formulated in the study were the following: owners of
boarding houses should have abode policies, rules, and regulations; owners should convert their
boarding house into a commercial type where comfort rooms and bathrooms for male and
females are separated and should orient and encourage their student boarders to practice waste
segregation and composting.
Navarez (2017) examined how satisfied students were in terms of the six (6) dimensions of
living environments under two (2) subcategories, which are: 1) physical attributes comprising
of students’ living condition, community facilities and services, and neighborhood physical
surroundings; and 2) social/financial/management attributes including students’ social
activities, cost of living, and students’ preference. Aside from determining the level of
satisfaction in the objective attributes of the student housing facility, feedback in terms of other
facilities/services to be provided, counseling needs, programs, and workshops/seminars to be
offered were also solicited from the participants. Data were obtained from questionnaires
distributed to a sample of 38 respondents. The results showed that residents’ appraisal of the
overall conditions of their living environment both in the physical and social, financial, and
management attributes do not meet the students’ needs and expectations. Recommendations
were forwarded to be able to improve the living environment of the residents and promote
student development in the student housing facility.
This study determined the Status of Boarding Houses of Students of the University of Eastern
Philippines Laoang Campus school year 2019-2020.The respondents of this study were
students residing in Boarding Houses using universal sampling. The research design that will
be employed in this study is a descriptive method and the instrument is a questionnaire
patterned from Reyes, (2016) and Navrez et. Al (2017). While the statistical tools will be,
frequency counts, percentages, and mean.
The questionnaire used compose of four parts. The first part of the questionnaire is for the
students’ profiles. While the second part is for the boarding house profile. In the third part of
the questionnaire, there are six items related to the satisfaction of students based on specific
attributes. Finally, the last part consists of 20 items to test the degree of seriousness on the
problems encountered by UEPL students in their boarding houses.
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This means that the respondents were in their late teenage years because of the implementation
of the k-12 program.
Gender. As indicated in figure 2, 165, or 65 percent of the respondents were female, while,
90 or 35 percent of the respondents were male.
Gender of Student
Boarders
90, 35%
165, 65%
Male Female
This means that more female respondents stayed in a boarding house than male, because the
male is more confident to commute from school to their residence, also, it is risky for the female
to commute every day especially those who stayed in the far-flung areas.
Civil Status. Figure 3 shows that 249 or 98 percent of the respondents were single, while 3 or
1 percent of the respondents were married, and 3 or 1 percent were separated/widowed.
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Civil Status
3, 1% 3, 1%
249, 98%
This means that most of the respondents were single because they are still in their late teenage
years.
Monthly Family Income. Figure 4 shows that 108 or 42 percent of the respondents have a
family income of 5,000 below; another 87 or 34 percent of the respondents have a family
income of 5,001-10,000, also 36 or 14 percent of the respondents has a family income of
10,001-15,000; while, 24 or 10 percent of the respondents have a family income of 15,000
above.
87, 34%
Findings revealed that most of the respondents have a family income of below 5,000.
Degree Program. As indicated in the table, 74 or 29 percent of the respondents were BSEd,
63 or 25 percent were BEEd, 38 or 15 percent were BTVTEd, 33 or 13 percent were BSCRim,
17 or 7 percent of the respondents were BSCE, 14 or 5.4 percent were BSIT, 13 or 5 were
BPEd, 3 or 1.2 of the respondents were BSEE.
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Course/Program of Student
Boarder
100 74
63
33 38
50 13 17 14
3
0
1
Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were BSEd because it is the most in-
demand course nowadays due to the implementation of the k-12 curriculum. Another reason
is that the BSEd program offered different area of specialization.
Basic Requirements
15 15 15
15
9
10
5
5
Findings revealed that only a few of the boarding houses completed all the needed requirements
and some of the permits were expired and need to be renewed, another reason is concern offices
for monitoring were not strict in implementing the law when it comes to basic requirements for
boarding houses, there are no university guidelines for the accreditation and monitoring of
boarding houses.
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25
1 km. & below
20 2-3 km
13
15 4-5 km.
10 6-above km.
3 2
5
Findings revealed that most of the boarding houses are 1kilometer-below from the school
because it is more convenient for the student boarders if they are near the school.
35
40
1-3
30
4-6
20
7-9 10
10-above 10 1 2
0
1
Findings revealed that most of the boarding houses have 4-5 occupants per room. This means
that boarding houses were overcrowded and are not conducive to learning and privacy was
limited for students residing in boarding houses.
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20 17
12 12
10
2
1
0 4
200-300 301-400
401-500 501-600
601-700 700
above
The findings revealed that most of the boarding houses have a monthly income of 401-500.
This means that most of the boarding houses are quite expensive especially to those family who
has 5000-below family income or low-profile family.
40 Electricity
Gas Range
19 10 3
20 Charcoal Fire wood
Fire wood
Gas Range Charcoal
0 Electricity
The findings revealed that most of the boarding houses allowed students boarders to used
charcoal in cooking because it is the only available facilities that are used in cooking and the
cheapest compared to the gas range and other facilities.
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30 22
17
20 12
7
10
The findings revealed that most of the boarding houses used open well as the source of water
supply because it is the only available source of water supply in their boarding houses. Water
supply is one of the primary problems of student boarders, especially during summer days.
Findings revealed that almost all of the boarding houses used automatic flush in their comfort
room because it is the only available type of comfort room installed in their boarding houses.
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Appliances Available to be
used
Others 4
Electric Iron 11
2
Computer Set
1
Component CD/DVD 1
Washing Machine 42
3
Electric fan 4
Refrigerator 2
Findings revealed that not all boarding houses allowed all the available appliances to the
students’ boarders because some of it consumed more electricity compared to the electric fan,
which is the only appliances that are allowed mostly the boarding houses.
40
30
8
20 6 Collected by Disposal Team
4 Using Dump Open Pit
10 Composting
1 Burning
0 Others
Findings revealed that the majority of the boarding houses, the garbage were collected by the
disposal team, because of the strict implementation of proper waste management by the
concerned offices.
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The findings revealed that the respondents were satisfied with their living conditions,
community facilities, and services, neighborhood, physical surroundings, students’ social
activities, cost of living, and student’s preference. The grand mean was 3.89 and interpreted as
satisfactory. This means that the respondents were satisfied in terms of residence according to
specific attributes.
The findings revealed that the problems that were encountered the most by the respondents in
their boarding houses are: lack of water supply, unsafe water, and no abode policies and
contracts executed. The grand mean was 1.67 interpreted as less serious.
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This means that the respondents experienced less serious problems in their boarding houses,
but encountered very serious problems when it comes to water supply in different boarding
houses.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
The researcher concluded that the respondents were in their late teenage years, there were more
females than males, and most of the respondents were still single, likewise, majority of the
respondents has a family income of 5000-below, furthermore, most of the respondents were
BSEd.
Only a few of the boarding houses completed basic requirements, most of the type of the
boarding houses are in room type(building were divided into rooms),1kilometer-below from
the school, has 4-5 occupants per room, has a monthly rental of 401-500, allowed students
boarders to used charcoal in cooking, has open well as the source of water supply, used manual
flush in their comfort room, not all boarding houses allowed all the available appliances to the
students’ boarders, and the majority of the boarding houses their garbage were collected by
disposal team.
The respondents were satisfied in terms of the residential satisfaction of the students according
to specific attributes.
The problems encountered by the student boarders in their boarding houses are lack of water
supply, another is unsafe water, and no abode policies and contracts executed.
Recommendations
1) Owners of boarding houses should provide enough and safe water supply for student
boarders.
2) Owners of boarding houses should formulate and implement concrete abode policies,
rules, and regulations.
3) Owners of boarding houses should convert their boarding house into commercial type
where comfort rooms and bathrooms for male and females are separated.
4) Owners of boarding houses should orient and encourage their boarders to practice waste
segregation and composting.
5) Owners of boarding houses should comply all the basic and necessary requirements.
6) Formulate committee on boarding houses on accrediting and monitoring of boarding
houses.
7) Formulation and Execution of MOA between the school and the LGU in accrediting
boarding houses.
8) Regular monitoring and evaluation of boarding houses.
Literature Cited
Bomogao, et al. (2010). “Living Conditions of Boarding Houses of Students of the Kalinga-
Apayao State College, Dagupan Campus for the School Year 2009-2012”,
Undergraduate thesis, Kalinga-Apayao State College.
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e-ISSN: 2682-8502 | Vol. 4, No. 1, 113-126, 2022
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Brilliantes, R. A., Aga, N. B., Adegue, C. A., Perez, M. P., Aya-ay, A. M. & Sagarino, E. V..
(2012). The Living Conditions of University Students in Boarding Houses and
Dormitories in Davao City, Philippines. IAMURE International Journal of Social
Sciences, 1(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=565
Martin, et al. (2014). Boarding School, Academic Motivation and Engagement, and
Psychological Well-Being: A Large-Scale Investigation. American Educational
Research Journal October 2014, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 1007–1049 DOI:
10.3102/0002831214532164 2014 AERA. http://aerj.aera.net
Muhammad Hilmy Muslim, Hafazah Abdul Karim, and Ishak Che Abdullah (2012).
Satisfaction of Students’ Living Environment between OnCampus and Off-Campus
Settings: A Conceptual Overview. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 68, 601
– 614.
Navarez, Joel C. 2017, Student Residential Satisfaction in an On-Campus Housing Facility.
Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017 De La Salle University, Manila,
Philippines June 20 to 22, 2017.
Reyes, Paulino P. 2016. Profile of boarding houses of students of the kalingaapayao state
college. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social
Sciences. http://www.garph.co.uk/
Students staying in boarding house. (2016, Aug 03). Retrieved June 21, 2020, from
https://newyorkessays.com/essay-students-staying-in-boarding-house/
Tattao, L.S. 2016. Living arrangement problems, academic performance and coping strategies
of first year college students. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education -
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Velasquez-Garcia, Z., and Garcia, J.A. (2016). On Campus Living Experiences among Filipino
University Students. Philippine Journal of Counseling Psychology, 18 (1), 30-45.
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