QUALITY OF BOARDING HOUSES NEARBY PUP-RAGAY:

AN ASSESSMENT

By:

SHARLENE V. DELA ROSA

JACEL B. LAURENCIANA
NEA SHANE MACINAS
LELALLYN PARAL
SYLVIA P. RAZON
ALESON L. SESMUNDO

1ST SEMESTER, S/Y 2022-2023

CHAPTER 1
 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

Rental of boarding houses by students to be able to attend classes on time has

been around for a long time. Varied reasons have been proposed on why they avail of

these rooming houses, the most prevalent of all being able to attend the school of their or

their parents/guardians choice or the courses offered by that particular school, college or

university. As school based dormitories cannot cater to all their students, boarding houses

which stemmed from staying in a relative’s home while attending school have been

practiced in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial times as universities and colleges

are located in urbanized areas like Manila (Hadwen, KM, 2015). The quality of the

boarding houses, its amenities, services offered, security, rental fee, management style

and the demography of its boarders will be the focus of the present study.

Students who avail of boarding houses to be able to attend and finish their

respective courses and subsequent line of work should and must be given protection but it

must not be in the expense of the boarding house owners and operators. The quality of

the boarding houses versus the needs of their boarders must be evaluated if they are in

sync. Republic Act 9653 or the “Rent Control Act of 2009” provides an IRR

(implementing rules and regulations) on how much a rent whether monthly or as agreed

upon by the lessee and owner should be. These particular law ensures that the lessee

should and must be provided with a suitable space for their need. For student boarders,

there are several bills being introduced in both the senate and house of representative for

their benefit, foremost of which is the Senate Bill 2478 by Senator Jinggoy Estrada which

would provide a comprehensive and integrated national guidelines for the operations and
maintenance of dormitories and boarding houses in the country. Additionally the

conditions of the buildings being offered as boarding houses should be in accordance

with the standards set by the National Building Code of the Philippines or PD 1096 for

safety and environmental safeguards for the benefit of the lessee, owners, community, the

environment and the country, the boarding houses must also conform to the Fire Code of

the Philippines of 2008 or Republic Act 9514, specifically section 10.2.12.5.

After the pandemic, there was an influx of students from different parts of the

Bicol Region who have enrolled and/or was enrolled in the PUP Ragay Campus. These

influx of students, specifically those who are from areas of some distance from the

campus needed a place to stay, recharge, and do their home works and other related

school activities which is impractical if they travel to and from their residences. The fact

that two years of the pandemic resulted in a loss for boarding house owners in terms of

income which in turn resulted in a higher rental rate and a lower building maintenance

capability for them due to capital income loss should be focused upon. It is also apparent

that after the announcement that face-to-face classes will resume, a frantic rush to repair,

modify and install amenities to attract more boarders for a higher rental fee was observed.

The quality of these establishments since they cater primarily to students should and must

be at par with national integrated standards and thus for the safety, comfort and security

of the students and for their parents/guardians’ peace of mind, the quality of the boarding

houses nearby PUP-Ragay must be assessed. The researcher comes up with the idea of

working for the project research to expand the ideas, knowledge, awareness, benefits, and

purpose of the researcher`s stakeholders. Doing research such as the researcher`s study

intitled Quality of Boarding Houses Nearby PUP Ragay Campus can be an important
component of writing or processing data to create or discover information regarding the

chosen research study. The researcher`s study aims to understand specific data for the

researchers to be able to create or expand information regarding the research title

regardless of how this study will benefit its stakeholders. By the use of this study, the

researcher is exploring all possible data gathering procedure such as interview,

questionnaire or observation which can help the researcher to be openly minded for all

the data they gathered so that it can be easy determine, transcribed, and summarize their

data corresponding to their statement of the problem.

The prevalence of boarding houses located near the PUP-Ragay campuses must

be evaluated to find out which is the best as per cost-benefit, security and

services/amenities provided to help students decide which they should patronize. The

students staying in the boarding houses must be provided with a secure and the best

accommodations as they will be alone without any immediate access from their family’s

help.

Furthermore, as students taking up Business Administration in the said university,

it will be beneficial for the researchers to study, assess and formulate action plans to

address the issues on boarding houses quality for the benefit of their costumers (the

boarders). The assessment that will be done will be an excellent training for our college

course and for the future. The study will also help the present and future students who

will avail of the services offered by the boarding houses being studied. It is the

researchers’ fervent hope that the result/s of this present research will result in a quality

improvement among the boarding houses nearby PUP-Ragay.

 Malaga, JR, 2022, on his study on housing facility and accommodations for

college students for policy development argued that low rental fee goes hand in hand with

poor housing amenities and sanitation which conforms to the present study’s goals. On

the other hand, a publication by New Zealand (NZ-MBIE, 2021) focused on the

landlords’ perspective on how they should conduct their businesses in compliance with

established laws and moral obligations.

Prioritizing basic services and amenities such as running water, electricity and

sanitation was the focus of a study done by Abagon, B, 2021, she stated that sufficient

and well ventilated areas should be provided by the landlords for their student-boarders

study area, the cited study reiterated the need to study in depth the quality of boarding

houses as presented by the present research. In support, Makenzie, J, 2021, found out that

being near campuses instills a sense of belonging to a student as it provides them with an

easy and around the clock access to their respective universities.

For the difference between the performances of students with respect to their

living conditions via distance to their schools, Tshimangadzo et.al. 2020, stated that

student involvement on campus activities as well as student integration and academic

performance is affected by the proximity to the educational institution which is in support

to the present study in the sense that “homeliness” among boarding houses should be

cultivated. Moreover a study done by Simpson et.al, 2021, studied the impact on mental

and sense of self among student-boarders, they found out that the choice of boarding

houses with respect to privilege and social classes directly affects the sense of self ad

mental health of the student which highlighted that a higher quality lodging is more

beneficial for a student and their academic performance.

 Malana and Javier, 2020, focused their study on physical, social and economic

conditions of off campus student residences or boarding houses. The duo stated that basic

amenities are available but with a limited extent, overall, they said that the boarding

houses in Cagayan State University can be considered as a home away from home. The

cited study is in essence similar to the present one as both are focused on the quality of

boarding houses. For the management system of rental rooms and houses, Gommans,

Njiru and Owange, 2020, evaluated and found out that eh management system is a

cluttered mess and recommended that a modernized system be formulated and laid to

ensure a smooth flow of transactions, maintenance and day by day operations.

Amante and Ortiz, 2019, studied and found out that the boarding houses

accommodation must be regulated to ensure that a uniform and standardized provision of

amenities and basic services be implemented across the board. The study was supported

by Jackson, 2019, study on the impact of student accommodation on the, mental and

emotional wellbeing of student-boarders.

Theoretical Framework

The theory of place dependence, as put forth by Ardenansyah, Santosa and

Cahyadini, 2022, will serve as the unifying theory for the present study. The cited theory

resulted from the study conducted by the authors on shared space accommodation.

According to the authors, place dependence in the boarding house is formed when the

residents of the boarding house feel comfortable or at home while living in the boarding

house. The cited theory is in sync with the goals of the present study as the researchers

believed that a boarding house of good quality can act and serve like a secondary home

for its boarders.

 The theory on boarding preference was formulated by Lovitos, 2019, she stated

that quality living conditions when provided results in a student preferring to patronize

the provider. The theory states that boarders prefer practicality, safety and security in a

supportive environment. The cited theory supports the main theory as boarding

preferences results in place dependence. As for the present study and the cited theory, it

is relevant as it also is focused on the quality of the living conditions provided by the

boarding houses.

The last theory is the theory of financial stress according to Bernardo, 2018, the

theory assumed that financial stress moderates the relationship between external-spiritual

LOH (locus-of-hope) and life satisfaction; external-spiritual LOH’s positive relationship

with life satisfaction is found only among those who experience low financial stress. The

cited literature as it stands serves as a variable for students’ having their own preferences

in boarding houses as finances factors on choosing their boarding houses. The present

study also takes into account the financial conditions inherent in availing of

accommodations.
 Supporting
Theory of Financial Stress
Theory

Theory of Boarding
Supporting
Theory Preference

Main
Theory of Place Dependence
Theory

Researchers’ Hypothesis

Quality of Boarding Houses Nearby PUP-Ragay Campus: An Assessment

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for the present study will follow the input-process-

output procedure. It is presented in the paradigm below.

Quality of Boarding Houses Nearby PUP-Ragay Campus: An Assessment

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Demographic profile Survey
of the respondents along: Questionnaire
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
s
1.3 Home Address Supplementar
1.4 Source of Income
y Interviews

2. Quality of boarding
Tabulation of
houses in terms of: data
2.1 Rental Cost
2.2 Management style
2.3 Comfort and security
Survey
2.4 Amenities and
services Questionnaire
s
3. Significant relationship
between the respondents’
Supplementar
demography and quality y Interviews
of boarding houses.
Tabulation of
data

Pearson r

FEEDBACK
Majority are between
17 to 24 years old
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm Most are female

Statement of the Problem Most are within

CamSur

Most
The study aims to find out the quality of the boarding houses are nearby
located agriculture
PUP-
based
Ragay campus. Specifically it wanted to find out the answers to these questions;

Rental fee will be

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents’ along; between 1k to 2k

Most are strict in

1.1 Age
protocol
1.2 Gender Security is good
Water and electricity
1.3 Home Address
are available

There is a significant
relationship between
the demography of eh
respondents and the
 1.4 Source of Income
2. What is the quality of boarding houses nearby PUP-Ragay in terms of;
2.1 Rental Cost
2.2. Management Style
2.3 Comfort and Security
2.4 Amenities and Services
3. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile and the quality of

boarding houses nearby PUP-Ragay?

Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between the demography of the respondents and

the quality of the boarding houses nearby UP-Ragay

Scope and Limitations

The study will only encompass boarding houses located within a 50 meter radius

of the university (PUP-Ragay) to be defined as nearby. The researchers will also only

consider students enrolled in the university as respondents.

The scope of the study will only be the 1st semester of school ear 2022-2023, all

other dates are excluded. Additionally boarding houses and their student-boarders outside

the 50 meter radius will not be part of the study.

The study will have 100 student-boarders as respondents’ chosen using purposive

sampling to enable a holistic and statistically correct study.

Significance of the Study

Students – the study and its results will benefit them as it will open up other

considerations in choosing their preferred boarding house.

 Boarding House Owners – the study’s results will make them realize what their

businesses lack and how to address them to improve the quality.

LGU Ragay – the results of the study will benefit the municipality as it can serve

as a source of information in finding out whether the boarding houses catering to the

students are in conformation with established laws.

PUP-Ragay – the university can and will benefit from the present study by

providing them with information that can be used in the formulation of policies and

standards for the benefit of their students.

REFERENCES

Abagon, B. (2021), Teacher Education Students Living in Boarding House/Dormitories,

American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) e-
ISSN : 2378-703X Volume-5, Issue-6, pp-75-82 www.ajhssr.com

Amante, L., and Ortiz, L. (2019). The Living Quarters of Students: A Call for Regulation.
Journal of Academic Research, 4(1). Retrieved March 12, 2020, from
https://jar.ssu.edu.ph/index.php/JAR/article/view/27.

Bernardo and Ressurecion, (2018), Financial Stress and Well-being of Filipino Students:
The Moderating Role of External Locus-of-hope, Philippine Journal of
Psychology, 2018, 51(1), 33-61
Gommans, Njiru and Owange (2020), Rental House Management System, International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 11, November
2014 1, ISSN 2250-3153

Hadwen, KM (2015). Leaving home: Investigating transitioning challenges faced by

boarding students and their families, https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses

House of Senate (16th Congress), Senate Bill 2478, AN ACTESTABLISHING A

COMPREHENSIVE AND INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICY AND
PROGRAM GUIDELINES FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
DORMITORIES AND BOARDING HOUSES, PROVIDING PENALTIES
THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, Jinggoy Estrada

Jackson, C. et al. (2019). Impact of Accommodation Environments on Student Mental

Health and Wellbeing. Retrieved February 3, 2020, from
https://www.gallifordtry.co.uk/media/1154/accommodation-and-student-
wellbeing-report-digital.pdf.

Joseph, Makenzie, "Feels Like Home: On Campus Housing and Its Effect on Sense of
Belonging" (2021). Masters Theses. 4871. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4871

Kharisma K. Ardenansyah, Happy R. Santosa, and Sarah Cahyadini, “Shared Space

Elements Physical Aspect that Affect the Place Dependence of Boarding House
Residents,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications
(IJMRAP), Volume 5, Issue 1, pp. 168-173, 2022.

Lovitos, AH (2019), Quality Living Conditions and the Boarding Preferences of UM

College Students, International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences
volume 5 issue 2 pp. 54-62 doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.10002-2

Malaga, JR, (2022). Housing Facility And Accommodation Of College Students: Inputs
For Policy Development, Journal of Positive School Psychology
http://journalppw.com, 2022, Vol. 6, No. 4, 11998-12015

Malana and Javier (2020), Physical, Social And Economic Conditions Of Off-Campus
Student Residences: A Home Away From Home?, INTERNATIONAL
 JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9,
ISSUE 04, APRIL 2020 ISSN 2277-8616, IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org

NZ-MBEI, (2022). Tenancy Services: Information and resources for boarding house
landlords, http://www.tenancy.govt.nz

Republic Act 9514, “AN ACT ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE FIRE CODE

OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPEALING PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

Republic Act 9653, “Rent Control Act of 2009”

Simpson, F, Haughton, M and Van Gordon, W (2021) An Identity Process Theory

Account of the Impact of Boarding School on Sense of Self and Mental Health: an
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. International Journal of Mental Health
and Addiction. ISSN 1557-1874

The National Building Code (P.D. 1096)

Tshimangadzo, et.al. (2020). A Comparative Study of the Academic Performance of

Resident and Non-resident Students at a Rural South African University, Journal
of Student Affairs in Africa | Volume 8(1) 2020, 1-12 | 2307-6267 | DOI:
10.24085/jsaa.v8i1.3824