RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering)

FIBER OPTICS

PRESENTED BY,
SUJITHRA.R
(20TC0069)
 CONTENT
➢ INTRODUCTION
➢ HISTORY
➢ WHAT ARE FIBER OPTICS?
➢ TYPES OF FIBER OPTICS
➢ WHY WE USE FIBER OPTICS?
➢ HOW DOES AN OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMIT
LIGHT?
➢ ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTICS
➢ DISADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTICS
➢ APPLICATIONS
 INTRODUCTION

➢ You hear about fiber - optic cables whenever people

talk about the telephone system, the cable TV
system or the Internet.
➢ Fiber-optic lines are strands of optically pure glass
as thin as a human hair that carry digital information
overlong distances.
 history
➢ The first commercial fiber optic installation was in for
telephone signals in Chicago, installed in1976.
➢ The first long distance networks were operational in the early
1980s. By 1985, most of today's basic technology was
developed and being installed in the fiber optic networks that
now handle virtually all long distance telecommunications
➢ Used commercially for last 25 years
 What is fibre optics ?

➢ Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long , thin strands of

very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair.•
➢ They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and
used to transmit light signals over long distances.•
➢ If you look closely at a single optical fibre , you will see
that it has the following parts:
–Core
–Cladding
–Buffer coating
 TYPES OF FIBER OPTICS
➢ There are basically three types of optical fiber:
single mode, multimode graded index, and
multimode step-index.
➢ They are characterized by the way light travels
down the fiber and depend on both the
wavelength of the light and the mechanical
geometry of the fiber
➢ Single mode optical fiber
▪ Cable TV
▪ Internet
▪ telephone
➢ Multi mode
ab graded index
▪ Data transmission

➢ Multi mode graded index

▪ Imaging
▪ Illumination
WHY WE USE OPTICAL FIBER ?

➢ Economics

➢ Speed

➢ Distance

➢ Weight/size

➢ Freedom from interference

➢ Electrical isolation

➢ Security
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION
 HOW DOES AN OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMIT LIGHT ?

➢ The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the core (hallway) by

constantly bouncing from the cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle
called total internal reflection.
➢ Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the
light wave can travel great distances
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBER

➢ Bigger Bandwidth

➢ Longer Distance

➢ Faster Speed

➢ Higher Resistance

➢ Greater Security.
 DISADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBER

➢ The cost to produce optic fibre cabling is higher than

that of copper.
➢ Installation is also more expensive as special test
equipment is usually required.
➢ As they are made of glass, fibre optic cables are
more fragile than electrical wires like copper cabling.
APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBER

➢ Medical Applications
➢ CCTV cameras
➢ Computer Networking
➢ Internet
➢ Defence and Space related Applications
➢ Automobile Industries
➢ Television Cables.
THANK YOU