List of potentially habitable exoplanets

This is a list of potentially habitable exoplanets. The list is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable
Exoplanets Catalog (HEC), and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HEC is maintained by the Planetary
Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1] There is also a speculative list being developed
of superhabitable planets.

Surface planetary habitability is thought to require orbiting at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface
water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type
and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.[2]

List
This is a list of exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are under 10 Earth masses and smaller than 2.5
Earth radii, and thus have a chance of being rocky.[3][1] Note that inclusion on this list does not guarantee habitability,
and in particular the larger planets are unlikely to have a rocky composition.[4] Earth is included for comparison.

Note that mass and radius values prefixed with "~" have not been measured, but are estimated from a mass-radius
relationship.
 Star Mass Radius Density Flux Teq Period Distance
Object Star Refs/Notes
type (M⊕) (R⊕) (g/cm3) (F⊕) (K) (days) (ly)

Reported for reference.

Earth Sun G2V 1.00 1.00 5.514 1.00 255 365.25 0 Only planet known to
support life.[3]

Teegarden's Teegarden's
M7V ≥1.05 ~1.02 — 1.15 264 4.91 12.5 Radius is estimated[5][6]
Star b Star
TOI-700 d TOI-700 M2V ~1.72 1.14 — 0.87 246 37.4 101

Kepler- [7]
Kepler-1649 M5V ~1.20 1.06 — 0.75 237 19.5 301
1649c
TRAPPIST- TRAPPIST-
1d 1
M8V 0.39 0.78 3.39 1.12 258 4.05 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]

Luyten's [10]
Luyten b M3V ≥2.89 ~1.35 — 1.06 258 18.65 12.3
Star

LP 890-9 c LP 890-9 M6V — 1.37 — 0.91 272 8.46 105 [11]

K2-72e K2-72 M?V ~2.21 1.29 — 1.30 261 24.2 217 [12]

Gliese 1061
Gliese 1061 M5V ≥1.64 ~1.16 — 0.69 218 13.0 12
d

Gliese 1002 [13]

Gliese 1002 M5V ≥1.08 ~1.03 — 0.67 231 10.3 15.8
b
Gliese 1061
Gliese 1061 M5V ≥1.74 ~1.18 — 1.45 275 6.7 12
c

Kepler-296e Kepler-296 K7V ~2.96 1.52 — 1.00 276 34.1 737 [1][14]

Wolf 1069 b Wolf 1069 M5V ≥1.26 ~1.08 — 0.65 250 15.6 31.2 [15]

TRAPPIST- TRAPPIST-
M8V 0.69 0.92 5.65 0.65 230 6.1 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
1e 1

Affected by solar flare,

Proxima Proxima
M5V ≥1.27 ~1.30 — 0.70 228 11.186 4.25 possibly affected by high
Centauri b Centauri
radiation[16]

Kepler-442b Kepler-442 K5V ~2.36 1.35 — 0.70 233 112.3 1193 [1]

Kepler-62f Kepler-62 K2V ~2.8 1.41 — 0.41 204 267.3 981 [1][17]

TRAPPIST- TRAPPIST-
M8V 1.04 1.04 3.3±0.9 0.37 200 9.2 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
1f 1

Teegarden's Teegarden's [5]

M7V ≥1.11 ~1.04 — 0.37 199 11.4 12.5
Star c Star
Kepler- [1]
Kepler-1229 M?V ~2.54 1.40 — 0.32 213 86.8 865
1229b

Kepler-186f Kepler-186 M1V ~1.71 1.17 — 0.29 188 129.9 579 [1]

TRAPPIST- TRAPPIST-
M8V 1.32 1.13 4.186 0.25 182 12.4 41 Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
1g 1

Gliese 1002 [13]

Gliese 1002 M5V ≥1.36 ~0.12 — 0.26 182 21.2 15.8
c
Not
Kepler-452b Kepler-452 G2V ~5 1.63 — 1.11 261 384.8 1799
confirmed[1][18][19][20][21]

Kepler-62e Kepler-62 K2V ~4.5 1.61 — 1.15 264 122.4 981 [1][22]

Kepler-
Kepler-1652 M?V — 1.60 — 0.84 244 38.1 822
1652b

Wolf 1061c Wolf 1061 M3V ≥3.41 ~1.60 — 1.30 271 17.9 13.8 [1]
 Kepler-
Kepler-1410 K?V — 1.78 — 1.07 274 60.9 1196
1410b
Gliese 667 Gliese 667 [23][1]
M1V ≥3.81 ~1.54 — 0.88 277 28.1 23.62
Cc C

Kepler-1544 [1]
Kepler-1544 K2V — 1.78 — 0.84 248 168.8 1092
b

Kepler-283c Kepler-283 K5V — 1.82 — 0.89 248 92.7 1526 [1]

Ross 508 b Ross 508 M4V ≥4.00 — — 1.32 10.8 37 [24]

Kepler- [25]
Kepler-1638 G4V — 1.87 — 1.39 276 259.3 4973
1638b

Ross 128 b Ross 128 M4V ≥1.40 ~1.80 — 1.48 280 9.87 11.0 [26]

Kepler-440b Kepler-440 K6V — 1.91 — 1.44 273 101.1 981 [1]

Gliese 433 [1]

Gliese 433 M2V ≥5.22 — — 1.06 36.1 29.6
d
Kepler-
Kepler-1653 K?V — 2.17 — 1.04 258 140.3 2461
1653b

Kepler-705b Kepler-705 M?V — 2.11 — 0.77 243 56.1 903

K2-332b K2-332 M?V — 2.20 — 1.17 17.7 402 [1]

Kepler-155c Kepler-155 M0V — 2.24 — 1.05 52.7 957 [1]

TOI-2257 b TOI-2257 M3V — 2.20 — 0.74 35.2 188 Highly eccentric[1][27]

Kepler-443b Kepler-443 K3V — 2.35 — 0.89 247 177.7 2615 [1]

Kepler-22b Kepler-22 G5V — 2.38 — 1.10 261 289.9 635 [1][28]

Kepler- [1][29]
Kepler-1701 K?V — 2.22 — 1.42 275 169.1 1904
1701b

Kepler- [30]
Kepler-1606 G?V — 2.07 — 1.64 277 196.4 2710
1606b

K2-9b K2-9 M2V — 2.25 — 1.45 279 18.4 270 [1][31]

Gliese 180
Gliese 180 M2V ≥6.40 — — 0.78 239 24.3 39 Not confirmed[1][32]
c
Gliese 163 [1]
Gliese 163 M3V ≥6.80 — — 1.25 277 25.6 49
c

Kepler-
Kepler-1540 K?V — 2.49 — 0.78 250 125.4 799
1540b

Kepler-174d Kepler-174 K3V — 2.19 — 0.59 206 247.4 1254 [1]

HD 40307 g HD 40307 K2V ≥7.09 — — 0.67 226 197.8 42 Not confirmed[1][33]

Kepler-296f Kepler-296 K7V — 1.80 — 0.44 225 63.3 737 [1][34]

HIP 38594 [1]

HIP 38594 M0V ≥8.10 — — 1.34 60.7 58
b

K2-288Bb K2-288 B M3V — 1.91 — 0.44 207 31.4 214

HD 216520 [1]
HD 216520 K0V ≥9.44 — — 1.28 154.4 64
c

Gliese 3293 [1]

Gliese 3293 M2V ≥7.60 — — 0.59 223 48.1 66
d

Likely ocean world or

LHS 1140 b LHS 1140 M4V 5.60 1.73 5.9 ± 0.3 0.43 226 24.7 49
dense mini-Neptune[35]

Gliese 357
Gliese 357 M2V ≥6.10 — — 0.38 200 55.7 31
d
 Gliese 229 Gliese 229
M1V ≥8.57 — — 0.44 216 121.9 18.8
Ac A
Gliese 514
b
Gliese 514 M1V ≥5.20 — — 0.27 202 140.4 25 Highly eccentric[36]

Gliese 180 [1]

Gliese 180 M2V ≥7.56 — — 0.26 106.3 39
d

Only in HZ if very
Gliese 625
Gliese 625 M2V ≥2.82 — — 14.628 21.1 optimistic models
b
used[37][38][39]

L 98-59 f L 98-59 M3V ≥2.46 — — >1 ~280 23.15 34.6 Unconfirmed candidate[40]

Previous candidates
Some exoplanet candidates detected by radial velocity that were originally thought to be potentially habitable were later
found to most likely be artifacts of stellar activity. These include Gliese 581 d & g,[41][42][43] Gliese 667 Ce & f,[23][44]
Gliese 682 b & c,[32] Kapteyn b,[45][46] and Gliese 832 c.[47]

HD 85512 b was initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[48][49] but updated models for the boundaries of the
habitable zone placed the planet interior to the HZ,[50][51] and it is now considered non-habitable.[1] Kepler-69c has
gone through a similar process; though initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[52] it was quickly realized that the
planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[53] and is thus no longer considered habitable.[1] Several other planets,
such as Gliese 180 b, also appear to be examples of planets once considered potentially habitable but later found to be
interior to the habitable zone.[1]

Similarly, Tau Ceti e and f were initially both considered potentially habitable,[54] but with improved models of the
circumstellar habitable zone, as of 2022 PHL does not consider either planet potentially habitable.[1] Kepler-438b was
also initially considered potentially habitable; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can
strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.[1]

K2-3d and K2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and the latter remains listed in the HEC,[1] but
recent studies have shown them to be gaseous sub-Neptunes and thus unlikely to be habitable.[55][56][57][58][59][60]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false
positive by NASA in 2015.[61] Several other KOIs, like Kepler-577b and Kepler-1649b, were considered potentially
habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.

See also
Astrobiology
Carbon planet
Circumstellar habitable zone
Comparative planetary science
Earth analog
Earth Similarity Index
Extraterrestrial atmosphere
Extraterrestrial life
Extraterrestrial liquid water
Goldilocks principle
Habitability of red dwarf systems
Habitability of orange dwarf systems
Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
Habitable exomoon
Hypothetical types of biochemistry
 Lists of exoplanets
List of Kepler exoplanet candidates in the habitable zone
List of multiplanetary systems
List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates
List of potentially habitable moons
Habitability of natural satellites
Ocean world
Planetary habitability
Rare Earth hypothesis
Solar analog
Space colonization
Super-Earth
Superhabitable planet
Terrestrial planet
Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogs, and surveys

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External links
"The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog" (https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog)
(PHL/UPR Arecibo)
Habitable Exoplanets Catalogue ranks alien worlds on suitability for life (https://www.theguardian.com/
science/2011/dec/05/habitable-exoplanets-catalogue-alien-life)

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