FOCUS 10

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

 106 eV  1.602  1019  13 1

10A.2 energy of 1 MeV =    = 1.602  10 JMeV
 1 MeV  1 eV 

 1.602  1013  13

(a) E = (3.04 MeV)   = 4.87  10 J
 1 MeV 

E 4.87 1013 J
  34
= 7.35 1020 s1 = 7.35  1020 Hz
h 6.63 10 J  s
c 2.998  108 m  s 1
  = 4.08  1013 m
 20 1
7.35 10 s
 1.602  1013 J  13
(b) E = (1.43 MeV)   = 2.29  10 J
 1 MeV 

E 2.29 1013 J
  34
= 3.46 1020 s1 = 3.46  1020 Hz
h 6.63 10 J  s
c 2.998 108 m  s 1
  20 1
= 8.68  1013 m
h 3.46 10 s
 1.602  1013 J  14
(c) E = (0.27 MeV)   = 4.3  10 J
 1 MeV 

E 4.3 1014 J
  = 6.5 1019 s1 = 6.5  1019 Hz
h 6.63 1034 J  s
c 2.998  108 m  s 1
  = 4.6  1012 m
 6.3 1019 s 1

79
10A.4 Bromine-80 has 45 neutrons; 34 Se and 81 80
36 Kr are isotones of Br.

10A.6 (a) 221

87  24 +
Fr  217
85 At

(b) 212
86  24 +
Rn  208
84 Po
486 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

(c) 228
89  22890Th + 01 e
Ac 

(d) 230
91 Pa  01 e 
 23090Th

10A.8 (a) 66
32  01 e +
Ge  66
31 Ga
190
(b) 77 Ir + 01 e 
 190
76 Os

(c) 124
53  +10 e  12452Te
I 

(d) 92
41 Nb + -10 e 
 92
40 Zr

10A.10 (a) 62 Sm + 2  ( emission)

148
64  144
Gd  4

(b) 17
9  178 O+ 01 e ( emission)
F 

(c) 112
47  112
Ag  0
48 Cd+ 1 e (- emission)

(d) 92 U + 2 
238
94  234
Pu  4
( emission)

10A.12 The “?” species from the problem are boxed:

12
(a) 8  2 11 p + 106 C
O 

17 16
(b) 6 C 
 7 N + 01 e + 01 n

148
(c) 56  147
Ba  57 La +
0
1 e + 01 n

18
(d) 10  01 e + 189 F
Ne 

10A.14 (a) 60
29 Cu is proton rich (A is below the band of stability);  decay is most
60
likely: 29  +10 e  60
Cu  28 Ni

140
(b) 54 Xe is neutron rich (A is above the band of stability);  decay is

most likely: 140

54  01 e  140
Xe  55 Cs
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 487

10A.16  237
93  24  233
Np  91 Pa

233
 91  01 e  233
Pa  92 U

 233
92  24  22990Th
U 

 229
90  24  225
Th  88 Ra

225
 88  01 e 
Ra  225
89 Ac

 225
89  24 
Ac  221
87 Fr

 221
87  24  217
Fr  85 At

 217
85  24  213
At  83 Bi

213
 83  01 e  213
Bi  84 Po

 213
84  24  209
Po  82 Pb

209
 82  01 e  209
Pb  83 Bi

10A.18 (a) 11 Na + 
20
10 Ne + 11 p 
 21

(b) 11 H + 11 p 
 21 H + 0
1 e

(c) 15
7  126 C + 24
N + 11 p 

(d) 20
10 Ne + 24  12 Mg + 
 24

10A.20 (a) 20
9 F +  
 01 e + 20
10 Ne

(b) 44
22 Ti + 0
1  01 e +
e  44
20 Ca
241 11
(c) 95 Am + 5  4 01 n +
B  248
100 Fm
243
(d) 95 Am + 01 n 
 01 e + 244
96 Cm

10A.22 The isotope resulting is 21Ne:

28
14 Si + 11 p  21
 10 Ne + 3 11 p + 01 n + 24
488 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

10A.24 (a) 245

98 Cf + 12
6  257
C  104 Rf

(b) 209
83 Bi + 58
26  266
Fe  1
109 Mt + 0 n

266
109  24 +
Mt  262
107 Bh
262
107 Bh is the daughter nucleus.

10A.26 (a) Ununoctium, Uuo (b) Unbiseptium, Ubs (c) Binilbium, Bnb

0.693
10B.2 t1/2 = (or use ln 2 to obtain a more precise value than 0.693)
k
0.693
(a) t1/2 = = 1.3  109 y
5.3  1010 y 1
0.693
(b) t1/2 = = 5.25 y
0.132 y 1
0.693
(c) t1/2 = 3 1
= 1.80 × 102 s
3.85  10 s

60 ln 2
10B.4 Co has a half life of 5.25 a, so k   0.132 a–1
t1/2

 1 a   1 d   1 h   1 min  –9 -1
0.132 a –1      = 4.19  10 sec .
 365 d   24 h   60 min   60 sec 

 1 Ci   3.7 1010 Bq  4
(a) 1  Ci    = 3.7  10 Bq
 1  10 6
 Ci  1 Ci 
Activity = kN; N = Activity/k = 3.7  104 Bq/4.19  10–9 sec–1
N = 8.8  1012 60Co atoms

12 60  1 mol 60 Co   60 g 
(b) 8.8 10 Co atoms  23  
 6.022 10 atoms   1 mol 
= 8.8  10-10 g 60Co

ln 2 N
10B.6 k = , percentage remaining = 100%  = 100%  ekt
t1/2 N0
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 489

ln 2
(a) k = = 0.0247 a1
28.1 a
1
Percentage remaining = 100%  e  (0.0247 a )(8.5 a)
= 81%
For this type of problem, an alternative relationship may be used:
h
1
  = fraction of original sample remaining (h = number of half-lives)
2
8.5
 1  28.1
Thus,   = 0.81 = 81%
2
ln 2
(b) k = = 0.0861 d1
8.05 d
1
Percentage remaining = 100%  e  (0.0861 d )(6.0 d)
= 60%

10B.8 Since 62% of the current activity of 14C remains, the fraction remaining is
N
62/100 = 0.62 =
N0
ln 2 ln 2
k=  3
= 1.2110–4 a1
t1/2 5.73  10 a

t = elapsed time
t1/2  N  1  N 
t=  ln     ln  
ln 2  N 0  k  N0 

1  0.62  N 0  3
t=  –4
ln   = 4.0  10 y
1.2110 a  N0 

10B.10 Activity is proportional to N

t = elapsed time
5500 disintegrations/24.0 h = 229 disintegrations/h
t1/2  N 
t=  ln  
ln 2  N 0 

5.73  103  229  4

t=  ln   = 1.15 × 10 y
ln 2  921 
490 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

ln 2 ln 2
10B.12 k    0.115 h 1
t1/2 6.01 h
The time it takes the truck to get to the hospital:
 1h 
125 km    2.50 h .
 50.0 km 
1
N  N 0 e kt so N  (165 mg)e (0.115 h )(2.50 h)

N  124 mg of 99mTc remain

N
10B.14 Activity = rate of decay =  kN
t
N 3.4 1013 disintegrations  60 min   24 hours 
k    
t  N (15 min)(3.25  1018 atoms)  1 hour   1 day 
 0.0010 day 1
N
(a) 100%  1  e k t  100%  1  e (0.0010)(150)  100%  14%
N
(b) N remain  N 0  (1  0.14)  3.25  1018  0.86  2.8  1018 atoms

ln 2 ln 2
(c) t 1    690 days
2 k 0.0010 day 1
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 491

10B.16 See full solution in Exercise 10B.15. This plot shows Ymax= 32 days.
2

1.5
grams

1 X (g)
Y (g)
Z (g)

0.5

0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
t (days)

10B.18 Because of the relatively long half life of 125I compared to the time frame
of the experiment (59.4 d vs. 20 min), assume that essentially no
radioactivity has been lost to decay. Since 5.1  Ci was originally
injected, the total blood volume can be determined by calculating the
dilution factor needed to get the final activity per milliliter observed.
(Note: 1 nCi = 10-3  Ci ):

 11  103  Ci 
   x mL Total blood volume   5.1  Ci
 10.0 mL blood 
 10.0 mL blood 
x = 5.1  Ci    4636 mL total blood volume
 11  10  Ci 
3

x = 4.6 L of blood.

10B.20 The strategy for solving this problem is to use the activity of 35S in the
sample to determine the number of 35S nuclei present. To do this we will
need the activity constant k for 35S:
492 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

ln 2 ln 2
k   7.9  103 d 1.
t1/ 2 88 d
We convert Ci to Bq (decays per second) and ultimately to decays per day
(to match the units of k):
 3.70  1010 decays  s 1  11 1
10.0 Ci    3.70  10 decays  s
 1 Ci 
 3.70  1011 decays   60 s   60 min   24 h  16 1
      3.20  10 decays  d
 1 s  1 min  1 h  1 d 
Solving for N:
A 3.20  1016 decays  d 1
N  3 1
 4.0  1018 35S decays.
k 7.9  10 d
This is equal to the number of 35S nuclei present. Convert this from nuclei
to moles to grams of 35S:
 1 mol   35.0 g 35S 
4.0  1018 35S nuclei  23  35 
 6.022  10 nuclei   1 mol S 
 2.3  104 g 35S or 230  g of 35S in the sample.

10C.2 (a) For the reaction:

 2 4 He + 2 1 H + 2 n
6 D 
m = [2(4.0026 mu) + 2(1.0078 mu) + 2(1.0087 mu)]  [6(2.014 mu)]
= 0.0458 mu
m = (0.0458 mu)(1.6605  1027 kg mu –1 ) = 7.61  1029 kg lost

(b) To determine the mass of deuterium in a sample that gives off 3  108
kJ of energy, we need to first determine how much energy is given off by
the reaction in (a):
E = mc2 = (7.61  1029 kg)(2.998  108 ms1)2 = 6.84  10-12 J.
Since this value is for six D atoms, dividing by 6 gives us 1.14  10-12 J
per D atom. To release 3  108 kJ this sample must have contained:

 103 J  1 D atom 
(3  108 kJ)   12
23
  2.63  10 D atoms.
 1 kJ   1.14  10 J 
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 493

Converting to grams:
 1 mol D   2.014 g D 
(2.63  1023 D atoms)  23    0.9 g of D.
 6.022  10 atoms   1 mol D 

10C.4 (a) 98
42 Mo

42 1H  56 n  98
 42 Mo

m = 97.9055 mu  (42  1.0078 mu  56  1.0087 mu ) = 0.9093 mu

m = 0.9093 mu  1.6605  1027 kg mu –1 = 1.510  1027 kg

Ebind = 1.510  1027 kg  (2.998  108 ms1)2 = 1.357  1010 J

1.357 1010 J
Ebind/nucleon = = 1.385  1012 Jnucleon1
98 nucleons
151
(b) 63 Eu

63 1H  88 n 
 151
63 Eu

m = 150.9196 mu  (63  1.0078 mu  88  1.0087 mu ) = 1.3374 mu

m = 1.3374 mu  1.6605  1027 kg mu –1 = 2.2208  1027 kg

Ebind = 2.2208  1027 kg  (2.998  108 ms)2 = 1.9959  1010 J

1.9959 1010 J
Ebind/nucleon = = 1.3218  1012 Jnucleon1
151 nucleons
56
(c) 26 Fe:

26 1H  30 n 
 56
26 Fe

m = 55.9349 mu  (26  1.0078 mu  30  1.0087 mu) = 0.5289 mu

 1.6611027 kg  28
m = 0.5289 mu    = 8.785  10 kg
 1 mu 
Ebind = 8.785  1028 kg  (2.998  108 ms1)2 = 7.896  1011 J
7.896 1011 J
Ebind/nucleon = = 1.410  1012 Jnucleon1
56 nucleons
232
(d) 90 Th
1
90 H  142 n 
 23290Th
494 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

m = 232.0382 mu  (90  1.0078 mu  142  1.008 mu) = 1.899 mu

m = 1.8992 mu  1.6605  1027 kg mu –1 = 3.154  1027 kg

Ebind = 3.154  1027 kg  (2.998  108 ms1)2 = 2.835  1010 J

2.835 1010 J
Ebind/nucleon = = 1.222  1012 Jnucleon1
232 nucleons
(e) Because 56Fe has the largest binding energy per nucleon, it is the most
stable.

10C.6 (a) 73 Li + 11 H 
 74 Be + 01 n

7.0160 mu  1.0078 mu 
 7.0169 mu  1.0087 mu
8.0238 mu 
 8.0256 mu
m = 0.0018 mu
 1.6611027 kg  30
m = (0.0018 mu)   = 3.0  10 kg
 1 mu 
E = mc2 = (3.0  1030 kg)(2.998  108 ms1)2 = 2.7  1013 J
 2.7 1013 J   1 mu  10 1
  24  = 2.0  10 Jg absorbed
 8.0238 mu   1.66110 g 
59
(b) 27 Co + 21 D 
 60
27 Co + 11 H

58.9332 mu  2.0141 mu 
 59.9529 mu  1.0078 mu
60.9473 mu 
 60.9607 mu
m = 0.0134 mu
 1.6605 1027 kg  29
m = (0.0134 mu)   = 2.23  10 kg
 1 mu 
E = mc2 = (2.23  1029 kg)(2.998  108 ms1)2 = 2.01  1012 J
 2.011012 J   1 mu  10 1
  24  = 1.99  10 Jg absorbed
 60.9473 mu   1.66110 g 
40 0 40
(c) 19 K+ 1 e 
 18 Ar

39.9640 mu  0.0005 mu 
 39.9624 mu
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 495

39.9645 mu 
 39.9624 mu
m = 0.0021 mu
 1.6611027 kg  30
m = (0.0021 mu)   = 3.5  10 kg
 1 mu 
E = mc2 = (3.5  1030 kg)(2.998  108 ms1)2 = 3.2  1013 J
 3.2 1013 J   1 mu  9 1
  24  = 4.8  10 Jg released
 39.9645 mu   1.66110 g 
10
(d) 5 B+ 01 n  24 He+ 73 Li

10.0129 mu  1.0087 mu 
 4.0026 mu  7.0160 mu
11.0216 mu 
 11.0186 mu
m = 0.0030 mu
 1.6611027 kg  30
m = (0.0030 mu)   = 5.0  10 kg
 1 mu 
E = mc2 = (5.0  1030 kg)(2.998  108 ms1)2 = 4.5  1013 J
 4.5 1013 J   1 mu  10 1
  24  = 2.5  10 Jg released
 11.0216 mu   1.66110 g 

10C.8 (a) 92 U + 2 
234
94  230
Pu  4

m = 230.0339 mu  4.0026 mu  234.0433 mu = 0.0068 mu

2  1.6611027 kg  8 1 2
E = mc = (0.0068 mu)   (3.00  10 ms )
 1 mu 
= 1.0  1012 J released
1.00  106 g
(b) 1
= 4.27  109 mol
234.0433 g  mol
ln 2 ln 2
k=  = 0.079 h1
t1/2 8.8 h

N -1
 e-(0.079 h )(24 h) = 0.15
N0
If N is 0.15 N0, then 85% of the sample decayed in the 24 h period.
496 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

4.27  109 mol  0.85  6.02  1023 atomsmol1 = 2.2  1015 atoms
Total energy released = 2.2  1015 atoms  1.0  1012 Jatom1
= 2.2  103 J, or 2.2 kJ

10C.10 (a) Begin by determining the mass difference:

235.04 mu  1.0087 mu 
 139.92 mu  91.91 mu  4(1.0087 mu )

236.0487 mu 
 235.8648 mu
 1.661  1027 kg  28
m  (0.1839 mu )    3.055  10 kg
 1 mu 
The per-atom energy associated with this process:
E  mc 2  (3.055  1028 kg) (2.998  108 m  s 1 )2
  2.745  1011 J  atom 1
For 5.0 grams of 235U:

235 1 mol 235 U   6.022  1023 atoms    2.745  1011 J 

(5.0 g U)  235   235 
 235.04 g U   1 mol   1 atom U 
 3.5  1011 J or 3.5  108 kJ of energy released.

(b) The combustion of coal is C(s) + O 2 (g) 

 CO 2 (g); this is also the

enthalpy of formation for CO2(g). This value for this process is

393.51 kJ  mol1 (Appendix 2). The amount of coal that would have to
be burned to release the same amount of energy as 5.0 g of 235U is:

 1 mol coal  12.01 g coal   1 kg 

(3.5  108 kJ)  
4
  3   1.1  10 kg of coal.
 393.51 kJ  1 mol coal   10 g 

10.2 (a) True.

(b) True.
(c) True.

10.4 First, determine the decay constant from the half-life of 31T . Then
calculate the number of T nuclei in 1.0 mg of T. The activity is then given
by:
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 497

Rate k  N
=
This is the number of disintegrations per second (Bq). Then convert to
absorbed dose in rad and dose equivalent in rem, using the information in
Table 18.4
ln 2 ln 2
k=  7 1
= 1.79  109 s1
t1/2 (12.3 y)(3.156  10 s  y )

1 mol
N = 1.0  103 g   6.022  1023 mol1 = 2.0  1020 nuclei
3.0 g
Activity = 1.79  109 s1  2.0  1020 = 3.6  1011 dps = 3.6  1011 Bq
If 100% of the energy produced by these disintegrations were absorbed by
the 1.0 g of tissue, then the energy absorbed per second would be
E = 0.0186 MeV  1.602  1013 JMeV1  3.6  1011 s1
= 1.1  103 Js1
 1 rad 
Absorbed dose = 1.1  103 Js1g1  103 gkg1   2 1 
 110 J  kg 
Absorbed dose = 1.1  102 rads1
For 10% of the energy absorbed:
Dose equivalent = Q  absorbed dose
Dose equivalent = 1 rem/rad  1.1  102 rads1  0.10
= 11 rems1

 t   t 
   
 t1/2   t1/2 
10.6 If m  m0  2 then m0  m  2 .
90
mP0  0.0254g  214.28  2.00g
90
mS0  1.466g  2 87.2  3.00g
90
0
m  0.744g  2
Fe
44.6
 3.00g

Therefore
2.00
P%  100%  25.0%
8.00
498 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

3.00
S%  Fe%  100%  37.5%
8.00

ln 2
10.8 t1/2 = 1.6 102 a; k =  4.3 10 –3 a 1 ; activity  N
1.6 102 a
1  N 
Age = t   ln  
k  N0 

N 1.5 104 N 0
N  0.015% N 0  1.5 104 N 0 ; 
N0 N0
1
Age  t  – –3 -1
ln(1.5 10 –4 ) = 2.0 103 a.
4.3 10 a

10.10 (a) 87 Fr + 2 
225
89  221
Ac  4

85 At + 2 
221
87  217
Fr  4

83 Bi + 2 
217
85  213
At  4

(b) Ac-225 (N/Z = 1.53 vs 1.57 for Bi-213)

10.12 Storage of nuclear waste is one of the biggest problems of using nuclear
power; it is also one of the most expensive aspects. Almost all of the
radioactivity comes from spent fuel rods, which are also temperature-hot
when removed from a reactor. One way to store this waste is to keep it in a
large, open steel-lined pool containing boric acid (which helps to absorb
some of the radioactivity) while the fuel rods cool down. The rods must
not be allowed to sit too close to one another because of the risk of nuclear
chain reactions. Once cool the rods can be stored encased in concrete or
ceramic or stored dry in reinforced steel drums. Drawbacks to these
methods include corrosion and/or breakdown of the materials used to
encase them. All these methods are above-ground and temporary; a more
permanent solution is to bury the encased spent fuel rods deep in the earth.
Drawbacks to this: (1) You must find an area that is desert-like (no
groundwater aquifers that the radioactive waste could contaminate in the
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 499

case that it leaked); (2) You must find a region that is geologically stable
(no earthquake faults) (3) You must find a region where the local
population is small and willing to have this waste dump relatively close.
The best solution would be to recycle the nuclear waste but there are
drawbacks: this is costly, very hazardous (due to the handling of the
waste), and most important, yields pure plutonium, which can be used for
nuclear weapons.
For a good discussion of all of the above, see the following Wikipedia
page on radioactive waste: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_waste

10.14
(a)
1
0.9
Fraction of 14C remaining

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
time (a)
500 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

(b)
0

ln(Fraction of 14C remaining)

-0.5
-1
ln(N/No) = (-1.2110-4)time
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
-3.5
-4
-4.5
-5
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
time (a)

(c) The information can be obtained from the graphs or this equation:
N
ln  kt
N0
14
If we want less than 1% of the original amount of C , we will want the
value for which N / N 0 is 0.01 or less.

ln 0.01  (1.21104 a 1 ) (t )

t  3.8  104 a

10.16 There are several important properties for any effective ligand. First, it
must bond very strongly to the metal ion or else the metal ion will be
liberated from the ligand and find its way into other body tissues.
Second, the ligand itself should not be toxic. Additionally, the ligand
must have a very high specific binding attraction to the tissue in question.

10.18 mtot  me  me

 2me  2(9.109 39  10-31 kg)

=1.821 88 10-30 kg
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 501

E =mc 2
=(1.821 88 10-30 kg)(2.997 92  108 m  s -1 )2
 1.637 42 10-13J

10.20 To determine the effective half-life we must find the effective rate
constant, kE . This constant is equal to the sum of the biological rate

constant (kB ) and the radioactive decay rate constant (kR ), both of which
can be obtained from the respective half-lives:
ln 2 ln 2
kE  kB  kR    1.56  10 –2 d 1
90.0 d 87.4 d
ln 2
t1 2 (effective) =  44.4 d
1.56  10 –2 d 1

10.22 Before beginning this problem, you must realize that essentially all of the
radioactivity of the sample will still be present under the conditions
employed for the Schilling test. This can be easily demonstrated using the
half life of 58Co:
ln 2 ln 2
k   9.6  103 d 1
t1/ 2 72 d
N
Fraction remaining   e  kt
N0
3 1
 e  (9.6  10 d )( 1 d)
 0.99
58
So 99% of the Co remains after 24 h.
(a) For the standard: 3.0 mL  0.4 nCi mL = 1.2 nCi ; this produces 910
cpm; for the first sample obtained without intrinsic factor
supplementation:
 83 cpm 
  (1200 mL urine)
 3.0 mL urine sample 
 3.3  104 cpm for entire urine sample

 1.2 nCi   106  Ci 

 = 0.044  Ci
4 58
3.3  10 cpm   9 Co excreted
 910 cpm standard  10 nCi 
502 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry

0.044  Ci 58 Co excreted
 100 = 9% excreted
0.5  Ci 58 Co originally dosed
For the second sample obtained with intrinsic factor supplementation:
 120 cpm  4
  (1200 mL urine) = 4.8  10 cpm
 3.0 mL urine sample 
 1.2 nCi   106  Ci 
4.8  104 cpm   = 0.063  Ci
58
 9 Co excreted
 910 cpm standard  10 nCi 

0.063  Ci 58 Co excreted
 100 = 13% excreted
0.5  Ci 58 Co originally dosed

(b) From before: k  9.6  103 d 1

N
So the fraction remaining   e kt
N0
3 1
 e  (9.6  10 d )(7 d)
 0.94
94% of the activity remains after 7 days, which would be 0.47 Ci.
ln 2 ln 2
(c) kE  kB  kR    1.35  102 d 1
180 d 72 d
ln 2
t1 2 (effective) =  51.4 d
1.35  102 d 1

(d) If the first dose was 0.5Ci and 0.044Ci was excreted (from part a),
0.456Ci of 58Co remained in the patient’s system. One week (7 d) after
the first dose, we can determine the amount of 58Co remaining in the
patients system using kE  0.693 51.4 d  1.35  10 2 d 1 :

N N 2 1
  e  kE t  e  (1.35  10 d )(7 d)  0.91
N 0 0.456  Ci

N  (0.91)0.456  Ci = 0.415  Ci; this is the new N 0 .

We can now determine how much of this is eliminated ( N 0  N ) in one

day by using the biological half life:
 Focus 10 Nuclear Chemistry 503

N 0  N 0.415  Ci  N
  e  kBt  e  ((0.693 180) (7 d))  0.973
N0 0.415  Ci

N  0.415  Ci   0.973 0.415  Ci  = 0.011  Ci

From this we can determine the fraction of counts in the second sample
because there is 58Co left over from the first sample:
0.011  Ci
 0.17
0.063  Ci
(e) Only 1% of the 58Co decays in the one day, meaning that only
58
0.005Ci of Co was converted to 59Fe. Since each disintegration of a
58
Co atom yields a single 59Fe atom, the mass of iron produced from this
process can be determined as follows:
 1 Ci   3.7  1010 dps   1 mol 59 Fe produced  59 g 59 Fe 
(5  103  Ci)  6    
 10  Ci  
23 59
1 Ci   6.022  10 dps  1 mol Fe 
 1.8  1020 g of 59 Fe.

Essentially none of the 2.5 g of iron in the patient will be due to 59Fe.