THERMAL POWER PLANT

PRESENTED BY :-
Sudhanshu Sekhar Rana

223807110017
 THERMAL POWER PLANT

M ech an ical En erg y Electrical En erg y

1 .Th erm al S tatio n : - Th e tu rbin e is ro tated by steam w h ich is

p ro du ced by th e h eat g en erated by bu rn in g fu el in bo iler e
 Op eratio n M ech an ism

 Th e co al is bro u g h t an d cru sh ed to p o w der. Th is is feed to B o iler fo r p ro du cin g h eat

 In B o iler th e w ater is co n verted to steam .
 In S u p er h eater th e m o istu re co n ten t is rem o ved fro m th e steam an d th at steam is called su p er
h eated steam
 Th e su p erh eated steam ro tates th e sh aft o f th e H ig h p ressu re tu rbin e
 Th e Exh au sted steam is sen t to p reh eater an d th e steam th en ro tates th e In term ediate
p ressu re(IP ) Tu rbin e
 Th e steam fro m th e IP tu rbin e is th en feed to lo w p ressu re tu rbin e.
 Th e tu rbin e sh aft is co n n ected to th e G en erato r, w h ich p ro du ces Electric P o w er.
 Th e p o w er g en erated is th en Tran sm itted.
 INTRODUCTION
KOTA SUPER THERMAL POWER PLANT

LOCATION LAND COAL WATER

Coal India ltd supply

Ideally on the left coal from its coal The source of water
Bank of Chambal at up Land measuring producing for power station
stream of kota barrage approx 250 Subsidiaries is reservoir formed
hectare was required BCCL,SECL.ECL by Kota Barrage
for the project Through railways On the Chambal
in 1976. wagons. river.
 S TAG ES
KSTPS is desig ned in 5 stag es

Stage -1 Stage-2 Stage-4 Stage-5

Stage-3
2*110 MW 2*210 MW 1*195 MW 1*195 MW
1*210 MW

Net p o w er g en eratio n = 1 2 4 0 M W
CONS TITUTES OF K S TP S
Coal handling plant

D-M Water plant

Boiler

Turbine

G enerator

Ash Handling plant

Switch Y ard
 Co al H an dlin g P lan t

Raw Co al Wag o n - Coal is brought to the site through a

Wagon as per requirement.

Wag o n tip p ler-The coal is unloaded from the Wagon

and is transported to crushers and for
storage place through conveyor.

J u n ctio n to w er- JT’s are used where the conveyor has

any angular deviation.

P rim ary Cru sh er-The Raw coal is crushed into fine Rejected- The
pieces to 45mm grit). Primary crusher is also stones and
called Rotary Breaker since the coal is unwanted coal
crushed by a rotating plate. is rejected

S eco n dary Cru sh er-The fine pieces of coal is crushed to

powder (to 25mm grit)
 Two way conveyor

J u n ctio n To w er

M ill B u n ker-The 25mm grit coal is crushed into very fine

powder for feeding the boiler. We will have a spare
Bunker for each Boiler.

B OILER
 Water H an dlin g P lan t(WH P )
Water in a P o w er P lan t is u sed fo r
1 . P ro du ctio n o f S team - fo r ro tatin g tu rbin e.
2 . Co o lin g P u rp o se- Fo r co o lin g o f vario u s eq u ip m en t .

Water is recycled an d u sed fo r vario u s p u rp o se:-P rin cip al p ro blem in H P B o iler is co rro sio n are
steam im p u rities th ese im p u rities fo rm dep o sit o ver
tu rbin e blades.

Raw
Water

Conden
Purified
DM
ser
water

For
Steam cooling
purpose
 Reservoir

Water Cycle

Water Clarification

Chlorification
DM Plant
&
(Demineralized Plant)
Filtration
Au xiliary co o lin g
DM CW Dem in eralized
Water (ACW)
co o lin g Water

V arious Equipment
Various Equipment Boiler Cooling Water

DMCWP
S team

PHE Co n den ser

Cooling Tower
25D  35D w ater Steam to CT
Water H o t w ater

CT 25D  20D CWP

CWP Cool water CWP
from CWP
Co o l w ater
D-Deg rees
CWP -co o lin g w ater P u m p Dearator Hot Well
P H E-P re h eat Exch an g e
 stack

Super
Boiler water tubes
DM water heated
& various stages
steam

F lue gases

Air from Boiler Ash

environment furnace handling
via draft fans plant

Pulverized
coal
 B OILER:-

 The Boiler are capacity steam Technical specification-

generators used purely for
the steam power generation.  Typ e tangentially fired natural circulation
Balanced draft water tube boiler
 M ake BHEL
 In boiler heat energy is  Cap acity 3 75 tons per hour
Released from the combustion  S team p ressu re 13 9 kg/sq. cm
of fossil fuel and heat is  Efficien cy 8 6.6%
Transferred to different fluids  S team tem p eratu re 54 0 deg.
In the system .

The various heat transfer section in boiler –

 furnace
 Super heater & Reheater
 Economiser
 Tu rbin e
Turbine is a m/c which shaft is rotated steadily by impact of steam upon blades of turbine.
It converts heat energy into mechanical energy.
In a Th erm al P o w er P lan t g en erally 3 tu rbin es are u sed to in crease th e efficien cy.
 H ig h P ressu re Tu rbin e(H P T): Th e su p erh eated steam is directly fed to th is tu rbin e to ro tate it.
 In term ediate P ressu re Tu rbin e(IP T): Th e o u t p u t fro m th e H P T is reh eated in a reh eater(RH ) an d u sed to
ro tate IP T .
 Lo w P ressu re Tu rbin e(LP T): Th e Exh au sted steam fro m th e IP T is directly fed to ro tate th e sh aft o f LP T.

*All th e tu rbin es are co n n ected to a sin g le sh aft w h ich is co n n ected to th e G en erato r.

Super
Heater
Steam

Shaft
HPT IPT LPT Generator

RH
Steam

Condenser
Tw o p o le
Ro tatio n sp eed
S yn ch ro n o u s H 2 g as
Of 3 0 0 0 rp m S tar- delta
g en erato r Fo r
Of 5 0 H z. co n n ectio n
co o lin g
 G en erato r
Th e S yn ch ro n o u s G en erato r is u sed to G en erate p o w er by co n n ectin g th e sh aft o f th e Tu rbin e to th e sh aft o f th e
g en erato r w h ich cu ts th e m ag n etic flu x p ro du cin g Em f.
 Th e G en erated V o ltag e w ill g en erally 1 1 K V to 2 0 K V m ax.
 Th e G en erated V o ltag e is step p ed u p by co n n ectin g S tep u p tran sfo rm er an d is tran sm itted an d is also u sed fo r
Au xiliary p u rp o ses.

UAT
20Kv to 6.KV

Bus Duct
S Y NCH RONOUS
G ENERATOR

Generator
Transformer
20KV to 400KV

Un it Au xiliary Tran sfo rm er: Th is tran sfo rm er is u sed to step do w n th e p ro du ced vo ltag e an d u se
fo r Au xiliary p u rp o se.

S yn cro n izatio n - B rin g sp eed o f 3 0 0 0 rp m ,vo ltag e is slo w ly bu ilt u p .

1 )V o ltag e 2 )freq u en cy 3 )p h ase disp lacem en t
4 )Wavefo rm 5 ) p h ase seq u en ce
 Ash H an dlin g P lan t
Th e Ash fro m th e bo iler is co llected in tw o fo rm s: F lu e G ases
1 . B o tto m Ash (S lu rry):It’s a w aste w h ich is du m p ed in to a Ash P o n d
2 . F ly ash : F ly ash is sep arated fro m F lu e G ases in ES P (Electro static P recip itato r).

Eco n o m izer : Redu ces th e tem p eratu re

F ly Ash &
Chimney
F lu e
Boiler G ases F lu e G ases
Economizer ESP

B o tto m
ash (w et ash ) F ly ash

Ash Pond Cylo

Cem en t
Facto ry
ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATOR
 Air p o llu tio n p reven tin g eq u ip m en t.

 It is u sed to extract su sp en ded p articles fro m flu e g ases.

 S w itc h ya rd
 TWO 2 2 0 kv bu s bar h ave been p ro vided in sw itch yard an d are in ter co n n ected th ro u g h
A bu s co u p ler

It co n sist o f several p art-

o B u s bar

o Circu it breaker

o Cu rren t Tran sfo rm er (C.T.)

o Lig h tn in g Arresters

o P o ten tial Tran sfo rm er (P.T.)

o Iso lato r
IS OLATOR IN CLOS ED CONDITION

Whenever maintanace or repaire work is to be carried

out on equipment in swichyard it is disconnected from
suppy isolation

IS OLATOR IN OP EN CONDITION
LIG H TNING ARRES TER  LA also called the surge diverter.
 Connected between line & earth i.e. in
parallel with equipment.
It provides the low resistance path to the
lightning and switching over current.
LA is the first and last equipment in any
switchyard.

INS ULATOR:-

Used to provide the proper

Insulation.
CURRENT TRANS F ORM ER
The current transformer is used to
measure the current in power line.

S TOCK B RIDG E DAM P ER

 Dampers are used to prevent the

vibration in power line.
 It converts the vibrational energy
into relative motion of dampers.
 S team an d w ater co n tro l-
Fan co n tro l- Tu rbin e co n tro l-
 Dru m level co n tro l
 F lo w o f steam & w ater
 P ressu re co n tro l
 P rim ary Air fan  P ressu re o f steam an d w ater
 Lo ad co n tro l
 Fu rn ace p ressu re  Tem p eratu re o f steam an d
 S p eed co n tro l
 Fo rce draft fan w ater
 In du ced draft fan

Fu el co n tro l- G en erato r co n tro l-

 Co al ,o il flo w ,  S tato r ,ro to r tem p eratu re

 o il p ressu re  Fo r stato r co o lin g
 F lo w o f air co n tro l a) H 2 p ressu re b) H 2 o p ressu re