TMD-OFFSITE AREAS

• RAW WATER SYSTEM

• C.W.SYSTEM / COOLING TOWER
• WATER TREATMENT PLANT/D.M.PLANT
• FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
• H2 PLANT
• D.G.SET
• COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM / AIR COMPRESSOR
• A.C.PLANT / VAM
 Schematic - 1

Cooling Tower

G
Drum Turbine

OAC Channel

Boiler
Coal
Condenser
Oil
CLF
C.W.P/P

up
Air

e
ak
D/A

m
DM
HPH LPH DM
BFP CEP Storage
Tank
RAW WTR
PP
Cooling Tower

De
silting
Channel OAC / C W INTAKE CLF WATER MAKE UP
CHANNEL CLF

Circulating
Ganga
WTR PP
Make up GRAVITY FILTER
pp

Filter WTR
PP
Drinking
CONDENSER
WTR PP
HOT WELL

D M WATER MAKE UP

DM
Storage DM WTR Generation
Tank Streams

Schematic - 2
CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM
OF
POWER PLANT
 TYPES OF COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

• ONCE THROUGH

• OPEN RECIRCULATION

• CLOSED RECIRCULATION
Scheme Of Open Recirculating Type C.W System
COOLING TOWER

The function of the cooling tower is to reduce the temperature of

circulating water by increasing the contact area and resident time
between water and air.
COOLING TOWER
• Cooling water system plays a vital role in dissipation of waste
heat in power station.

• Cooling tower is the most important equipment for closed

cycle water recirculation system.

• The fill within the cooling tower is the critical thermal

component; It is required to create large surface area which
provides necessary time of contact between air and water.

• Damaged water distribution system within the cell resulting in

unequal water loading
COOLING TOWER
• The efficiency of cooling tower has direct effect on
condenser vacuum and in turn, the heat rate of the
station.

• Hence the cooling tower performance monitoring and

its proper operation and maintenance is very
important.
HEAT TRANSFER IN C.T

Hot water is cooled by three ways :

• By radiation from surface of the droplet.

• By conduction and convection.
• By evaporative cooling.

• The evaporation occurs due to difference in pressure of water vapor at

surface of water and in the flowing air.
This increases temperature and humidify the air.
 Cooling Towers

Natural Draught Cooling Towers

• Natural draught type.

Induced Draught Cooling Towers

• Cross flow type
• Counter flow type
Cooling Tower

• Natural draft designs use very large concrete chimneys to

introduce air through the media. Due to the tremendous size
of these towers (500 ft high and 400 ft in diameter at the base)
they are generally used for water flowrates above 200,000
gal/min.

• Mechanical (Induced) draft cooling towers are much more

widely used. These towers utilize large fans to force air
through circulated water
CROSS FLOW INDUCED DRAFT TOWER
INDUCED DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER
FORCE DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF IDCT OVER FDCT
 EQUIPMENT DETAIL

MOTOR DRIVE SHAFT

• POWER : 67 KW • Dia : 273 mm

• SPEED : 1482 RPM • Material : GI
• FL CURREN : 112 AMP • Length : 4584.4 mm

FAN BLADE
GEAR REDUCER
• No. of Blades : 08
• Gear Ratio : 14.84: 1 • Length : 4235.45 mm
• Fan Speed : 114 RPM
• Oil Cap : 80 Ltrs
DESIGN PARAMETERS
· Tower effectiveness : 61.22 %

· Range : 9 DEG C

· Approach : 5.5 DEG C

· Wet Bulb Temp. : 26.5 DEG C

· Circulating Water : Clarified water

· Flow / Tower : 27500 m3/hr.

· CT Inlet water Temp. : 42 DEG C

· CT Outlet water Temp. : 33 DEG C

RELATION
CHALLENGES IN

MANITENANCE OF COOLING

TOWERS
DRIFT ELIMINATOR
CT cold water Basin
Clogging of Film Fills with mud/ silt

Deposition inside the fills has

come from

• The turbidity of make up

water

• Air borne dust from the

atmospheric air being drawn
into the cooling tower

• Precipitates of dissolved
silica.
CT Hot water deck cleaning
CT Fan Gear Box
Cooling Tower Fan
 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM
Types of Air Compressors
Following are the types of air compressors:
1.Reciprocating air compressor (constant flow)
2.Rotary Screw type /Tooth/scroll air compressor
(constant flow)
3.Centrifugal air compressor (constant Pressure)
4.Axial air compressor (constant Pressure)
When the dew point temperature is equal to air temperature it means that there is 100 % relative
humidity. Qty of water contain at dew point temperature can be calculated with psychometric chart
keeping RH as 100% at dew point temperature.
At sea level, the density of air is 1.222 kilograms per cubic meter

If we consider atmospheric pressure 1.03 bar(a) and 40 deg C dew point temperature, water
holding capacity of 1 m3 of air is 48.9 g/m3. The water holding capacity drops to 6.29 g/m3 in
case pressure is raised to 8 bar(a). It indicates as the pressure of compressed air increases
the moisture contained in the gas compresses and makes it dry.

When dew point is measured at atmospheric pressure dew point is called as ADP. (Atmospheric dew
point).While “pressure dew point” is encountered when measuring the dew point temperature of air at
pressures higher than atmospheric pressure. Low PDP means there are small amounts of water vapor in the
compressed air; higher PDP values mean higher amounts of water vapor in the compressed air.
The major detrimental effects of retained moisture in compressed air on industrial
equipment are outlined below:

 Equipment degradation from moisture-related corrosion

 Freezing of condensed water within equipment flow lines leading to their
breakdown
 Rust damage on industrial meters and sensors resulting in faulty readings
 Increased repair/replacement costs for faulty machinery damaged by moisture
THANK YOU