Feedwater System 2

Tujuan Pelajaran:
Di akhir pelajaran, diharapkan peserta
mampu:
• Memahami Sistem Keseimbangan air
PLTU
• Memahami Persyaratan Kualitas Air pada
Siklus PLTU
• Memahami Proses Pengolahan Air untuk
Air Baku PLTU
• Memahami Proses Pengendalian Kualitas
Air PLTU
 Keseimbangan
Kebutuhan/pemakaian
Air pada PLTU
Plant Water Balance
 Station Water System
 Sea Water inlet
 Water Out
 Water as Cooling Medium Outlet
Limit
 Waste Water Treatment System
Outlet Limit
 Sedimentation Pond/Basin Outlet
Limit
 Neutralization Pond/Basin Outlet
Limit
Intake Facility 223,300 Station Water System
222,000 Condenser &
CWP Outfall
Heat Exchanger

120 Bottom ash

742 Heat Exchanger
Sea Water Feed Pump
90
Sludge Neutralization Pond
720t/d
Sea Water Clarifier
265 63 Ion Exchanger MU Water Tank
FGD Sea Water Pump 6960 m3/day (2 X 90 m3/h) (2 X 1000 m3)
1 90
Reject
Desalination Plant To sea
290
Screen Wash Pump MU Water
System 90 int
Blowdown Tank
150 435 •Main Plant Make Up & Attmprtor
2 Reject •CCCW Make Up
Pretreated Water 12 Potable Water
150 834t/d To sea Basin (12000 m3) Head Tank •Chemical solution tank 404.3
Media Filter •Boiler Chemical Cleaning
Electro-chlorination Back Wash
Plant 404.3

Waste Water
Retention Basin
212 0 Potable Water Treatment Plant
System
•Main Plant
•CCR A/C Cooling
Fire Fighting Water •Adm A/C Cooling Dewatering unit
Service Water
Basin (3000 m3)
•General use
•H2 Gas Generator Plant Drain
•Coal Handling & Jetty System
•Limesone conveyor Clarifier Sludge
Fire Fighting Water •T/G & Oily drain
•FGD Plant Sedimentation Ponds
System •T/G & Aux. drain
•ESP Washing Sedimentation
•AH washing •As Disposal Area
Ponds/Basins
•Ash silo pug mill •Coal Pile Storage Area
•SSCC Make up
1 2

detail 93.5
 Sea Water in
To Cooling System
 Condenser
 Circulating Closed Cooling Water Heat Exchanger
 Bottom Ash Heat Exchanger
To Production Process (as Raw Water)
 Desalination Reverse Osmosis
 Hypochlorination Plant
To Plant Process (as Feeding)
 FGD Plant
 Water out
As Hot Water
 Condenser
 Closed Cycle Cooling Water Heat Exchanger
 Bottom Ash Heat Exchanger
As Waste Treated Water
 Waste Water Treatment Plant
 Clean Settled Water (from Sedimentation Basin)
 Neutralized Water
 Filter Drained Water (RO Filtering Waste)
As Steam/Evaporation Water
 FGD Plant Outlet to Chimney
 Evaporation in Coal Handling System
 Others
 Sea Water as Cooling System

Outfall
Condenser
Canal
CWP

Back
CCCW to the Sea
Heat Exchanger
CCCW Cooling
Booster Pump

Bottom Ash
Heat Exchanger
BA Cooling
Booster Pump
 Water out from Cooling System
From Cooling System
 Condenser
 Circulating Closed Cooling Water Heat Exchanger
 Bottom Ash Heat Exchanger

Limit:
 Temperature 40oC
 Total Solved Solid (TSS) 100 mg/Ltr
 Free Chlorine 0,5 mg/ltr
 Waste Water Treatment System
NaOH FeCl2 Polymer
Plant Drain from:
WTP Neutralization
Coal Sedimentation pond
Boiler Blowdown Retension pH Coagulation
FGD Blowdown Basin Adjustment Floculation
Ash Lagoon

H2SO4

Recirculation
Water Neutralization
Clarifier
Tank

to Outfall Sludge
& Back
to the Sea
Dewatering
Plant
Sludge
 Water out from Waste Water Treatment
From Plant Draining
 All plant draining those contain solid waste, Coal
Handling draining, Air Heater washing, SSCC drain, Ash
disposal drain, etc
 The process including coagulation, pH control, TSS
reduction, etc
 Solid waste will dryed in dewatering system become dry
sludge and wasted into ash lagoon
Limit:
 pH 6 - 9
 TSS 100mg/ltr
 Metals (Fe, Mn, F, Zn, Cr, Cu) and oil/fat contain should less than standard
(as Government Regulations)
 Desalination & Water Treatment System
RO Brine
Drain
discharge
Guard to the Sea
H2SO4 Filter

Polymer
From
Intake
Canal Filtered Pretreated
Supermalant Media Reversed
Clarifier Water Water
Tank Filter Osmosis
Basin Basin
FeCl2

to Plant Water services as:

•Potable Water
•Services Water
•Fire Water System
Make Up
Sedimentation Ion
Water
Pond Exchanger
Tank

to Outfall to Neutralization
& Back & WWTP Retention
to the Sea Basin
 Water out from Neutralization Pond
From Ion Exchanger Regeneration Drain
 Anion & Cation Regeneration
 pH controlled by HCl or NaOH solution injection

Limit:
 pH 6-9
 Persyaratan
Kualitas Air PLTU
Troubles Resulted from Improper Water Quality
in the Steam Power Plant

Oxygen corrosion
Caustic corrosion (High pH)
Hydrogen damage (Low pH)
Overheating on boiler tube due to
deposit
Stress corrosion cracking
Ammonia attack
Turbine blade deposit (SiO2)
 Water Sample & Limits

SiO2 Cond,vity
Samples (ppm) (S/cm)
Boiler Water 0.25 40

Steam <0.02 3 to 11

Feedwater <0.02 3 to 11

Condensate Water <0.02 3 to 11

Make Up Water <0.02 <0.2

 Pengolahan Air
Untuk Air Baku PLTU
Steps of Treatment Processes from Sea Water
to Demineralized Water

Desalination Process
- Desalination Evaporator
- Reversed Osmosis
Demineralizer Process
- Reversed Osmosis
- Ion Exchanger
Desalination Evaporator
 Desalination Evaporator
Mist Eliminator

Steam Supply

to Vacuum Pump
Flash Chamber or Ejector
Sea Feed
Heater

to Brine Pump

from Sea Feed Pump

Condenser

to Condensate Pump

to Distillate Pump
Multistage Desalination Evaporator 1
Multistage Desalination Evaporator 2
 Desalination
Reversed Osmosis
 Reversed Osmosis Principle of Work

Pressure
Osmotic
Pressure

High Low High Low

Salt Salt Salt Salt
Content Content Content Content
Solution Solution Solution Solution

Membrane Membrane
 Reversed Osmosis
Pressure

Low
High Salt
Salt Content
Content Solution
Solution

Dissolved
Salt Membrane
Reversed Osmosis Plant
 Ion Exchanger (Demineraliser Plant)
on operation
H2O + NaCl

R-H+ R-OH- Anion

Cation become
become Resin
Resin R-Cl-
R-Na+

H2O + HCl
H2O + H 2 O
 Ion Exchanger (Demineraliser Plant)
on regeneration
H2O + HCl
H2O + NaOH

Anion
R-Na+ R-Cl-
Cation Resin
become become
Resin R-OH-
R-H+

H2O + NaCl
H2O + NaCl
 Desalination & Make-up System

30,000 S

Filtered
Primary Polishing
Filter Filter Water
Coagulant Storage
Dosing
Bisulfite,
Antiscalant,
Acid
1,000 S Dosing

Permeate Cartridge
Degasifier
Storage 1 Stage
st Filter
Tank Reverse Osmosis
Modules
0.2 S

50 S
2nd Stage Make-up
Mixed
Reverse Osmosis Bed Water
Potable Water Modules Storage
System
 Pengolahan Air
Untuk Air Baku PLTU
Korosi
 Penyebab Korosi
Penyebab Korosi pada Logam:
A. Adanya Oksigen, pada logam besi
B. Adanya Caustic (Alkalinity Concentration),
pada logam besi
C. Adanya CO2, pada logam besi
D. Adanya Amonia, pada logam yang berbahan
tembaga atau yang mengandung tembaga
 Korosi karena Oksigen
Mekanisme korosi oksigen pada besi yang kontak dengan larutan:
• Anoda : Fe (metal)  Fe+2 + 2e (oksidasi)
• Katoda : ½ O2 + H2O + 2e  2 OH
Lapisan Karat dan Magnetit
Lapisan Karat (Korosi):
Bila dalam cairan terlalu banyak mengandung
Oksigen, maka akan terjadi formasi karat
(Fe2O3).
Adanya tambahan Oksigen dapat mengubah
lapisan magnetit (Fe3O4) menjadi karat.

Lapisan Magnetit:
Bila dalam cairan jumlah Oksihgen dapat
dikendalikan maka akan terbentuk lapisan
magnetit (Fe3O4) yang bersifat melindungi
logam besi.
 Korosi karena Caustic
Korosi disebabkan adanya Sodium:
Gambar kiri atas adalah gambar yang
menjelaskan proses terjadinya korosi karena
adanya sodium.
Senyawa Sodium akan membuat lapisan
magnetit berpori

Magnetite

Steam out

Boiler water
NaOH

NaOH
Boiler water in

Fe3O4 porous
deposit
Pengerakan
(Scaling)
 Scale Formation
Mechanisms
 Precipitation of insoluble hardness
Ca(HCO3)2 + HEAT ---> CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
Mg+2 + OH- ---> MgOH+
H2SiO3 ---> H+ + HSiO3-
MgOH+ + HSiO3- ---> MgSiO3 + H2O
 Exceeding saturation through evaporation,
resulting in crystallization
eg. CaSO4, SiO2
 Found in Boiler Deposits
Name Formula
Acmite Na2OFe2O34SiO2
Analcite Na2OAl2O34SiO22H2O
Anhydrite CaSO4
Aragonite CaCO3 (gamma form)
Basic magnesium phosphate Mg3(PO4)2Mg(OH)2
Brucite Mg(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Calcite CaCO3 (beta form)
Copper Cu
Cuprite Cu2O
Ferrous oxide FeO
Goetnite Fe2O3  H2O (alpha form)
Gypsum CaSO42 H2O
Hematite Fe2O3
Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Magnetite Fe3O4
Serpentine (magnesium silicate) 3MgOSiO22 H2O
Sodium ferrous phosphate NaFePO4
Tenorite CuO
Thenardite Na2SO4
Xonotlite 5 CaO5 SiO2 H2O
 Silica
 Forms deposits in boilers
Occurs as magnesium silicate or
silicic acid

 Selective silica carryover

Cannot be controlled mechanically by
steam separators
Not usually a problem for boilers less
than 600 psig pressure
 Forms of Iron Scale
Iron is usually found in a boiler as one or more of
the following:
 A complex with calcium

 A complex with
phosphate

 Hematite Fe2O3

 Magnetite Fe3O4
pH & Phosphate Control
Boiler Water Silica Limit
 Boiler drum Cycle Water Quality & Blowdown
as a buffer
SH2
Aft cat Cond = 0.30 S/cm
Spec. Cond. = < 15 S/cm
SiO2 = 20 ppb

Steam Turbine
SH1 PH = 9.2 - 9.8
Aft cat Cond = < 1.5 S/cm
Spec. Cond. = < 15 S/cm
SiO2 = 200 ppb

Blowdown
Condenser
Tube Leak Condenser

Spec. Cond. = 0.30 S /cm

Spec. Cond. = < 15 S/cm
Dissolved O2 = 20 ppb Make up
Spec. Cond. = < 15 S/cm
Boiler Aft cat Cond = 0.30 S/cm SiO2 = 20 ppb
Spec. Cond. = < 15 S/cm
Dissolved O2 = 20 ppb

CEP
BFP
 Boiler Blowdown
Purposed & principle
Steam out

Feed water to control boiler water quality by draining a

in
part of boiler water and refreshed with
treated and conditioned water

Blowdown Downcomer
Valve not heated

Riser
heated
Blowdown Valve Flow Characteristic

16

14

12

10

Bflow(t/h)
6

C
4

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Valve Opening (turns)