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Sequence is :-

NCERT NCERT EXEMPLAR RS AGGARWAL

PYQ’s

SAMPLE PAPER
 NCERT ONE SHOT LECTURES
Real number
https://youtu.be/5OIHlowSPVU?si=sJenQhB4N7PN4FfX

Polynomials
https://youtu.be/seRhjRbSmR8?si=tTabbgKVJbvuapo6

Linear questions
https://youtu.be/VygbEHqauRo?si=mDDSlLGY2pHeVTyj

Quadratic Equations
https://youtu.be/hHXxpXzhJwo?si=xD_rWhNV2BYWiVhp

Arithmetic Progression
https://youtu.be/zmdidy4uYtU?si=Zgn1hJ0cJAuZDJfY

Triangles
https://youtu.be/znkgXXvwN3Q?si=At-btuCgFKW7nJFD

Coordinate Geometry
https://youtu.be/xHcgqMXI8Rs?si=uee07tJIr6wjKIMP

Trigonometry
https://youtu.be/codzgeTp1iM?si=7Oc3sl2RUfr6z6W9

Application of Trigonometry
https://youtu.be/ubJvgGn5jZ4?si=5DhnuhTARe1oj2fK

Circles
https://youtu.be/zMTojXyYXXE?si=d_d584JfKp2c1N--

Area related to circles

https://youtu.be/O1L7rNaqA4g?si=oKi6zo5WB-K0Jxmu

Surface area and volumes

https://youtu.be/FA0jaVKIVoA?si=TgKowFlnJhTUl70l

Statistics
https://youtu.be/nsAtaMi21-U?si=3umfVlezm4Hj3yd4

Probability
https://youtu.be/KNKtuGw4ZUw?si=8ubOW1OZQ5fc5tYZ
 NCERT EXEMPLAR ONE SHOT

Real number
https://youtu.be/Q838527A4q0?si=LQveO22sOaOFta8w

Polynomials
https://youtu.be/VZc5oTX24Og?si=-Zg4gx5fqsvqpcjq

Linear questions
https://youtu.be/BBLJAFu6QTs?si=fCGg2wGA3Bw8-ifk

Quadratic Equations
https://youtu.be/TDrmlO3MFEs?si=s0FJIO6nrJsvArdZ

Arithmetic Progression
https://youtu.be/S3uMEXFPGyQ?si=NNX9X6WNvgc32MrC

Triangles
https://youtu.be/61w2pxtnA2M?si=u36QNeenjLK-Bejx

Coordinate Geometry
https://youtu.be/z_Q5DDbtDTg?si=WzpJ1sKGCdgM1Yto

Trigonometry
https://youtu.be/zmbuhaX7mEY?si=7jmj2mRcmgQUs_TM

Application of Trigonometry
https://youtu.be/eDZd7gbaTTE?si=PvIPHW8zU4xWGdc_

Circles
https://youtu.be/4u_KpkCbOKo?si=FtDEdn-Wz6pmbnt9

Area related to circles

https://youtu.be/Uv0hr6wK-Hg?si=etIbpnd3HBg8MWAf

Surface area and volumes

https://youtu.be/K7kMvJK1gq0?si=2yoKsgqA8kD0YX59

Statistics
https://youtu.be/NzEIHhbKV14?si=XA_4ONzpQVAuttUn

Probability
https://youtu.be/LM23NsP78I4?si=WVx9J0nvJcNdRCl6
 RS AGGARWAL IMP QUESTIONS

Real number
https://youtu.be/8ZBj29gn6rA?si=I3zDeEeQ1Miao18U

Polynomials
https://youtu.be/vJ1jEt_rtNk?si=vzkTE0VEeZYaErL6

Linear questions
https://youtu.be/vZUD0xayTig?si=qH_zFNeChU-gfA-a

Quadratic Equations
https://youtu.be/PPS-AdnVwWU?si=uKJGvqFzjIE3qIT9

Arithmetic Progression
https://youtu.be/59NqPwDGGWI?si=kfQLkyZYebRlBTFJ

Triangles
https://youtu.be/MiF81n7Ynzg?si=e0tyGycqmVaPCDfR

Coordinate Geometry
https://youtu.be/hJsDzgF9E6A?si=_ptTDplyFD2-zY6F

Trigonometry
https://youtu.be/yoqqczM2BIg?si=mUgLMfbQZfWPNUqr

Application of Trigonometry
https://youtu.be/EnbqkQvqoOM?si=Yk4yJ94euhBRddRc

Circles
https://youtu.be/1OZTgMlnqGA?si=FDFzj7Dqa7YEjblV

Area related to circles

https://youtu.be/HIhqAVI5BdI?si=rMit1uymFvEBjbQG

Surface area and volumes

https://youtu.be/520w7drBTVs?si=DdI3QmrJMOAmfRTD

Statistics
https://youtu.be/4nFXE2Y_3Fs?si=4B-BU9q8CdeBgm8y

Probability
https://youtu.be/GOCk3mG8T6w?si=r4Uh_72sTF2PBiSk
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 REAL NUMBERS
1. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
Every composite number can be expressed (factorised)
as a product of primes, and this factorisation is unique,
apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.

Note :- The prime factorisation of a natural number

is unique, except for the order of its factors.

Question related to topic

Q1. Consider the numbers 4, where n is a natural
number. Check whether there is any value of n for
which 4 ends with the digit zero.
Solution : If the number 4, for any n, were to end with
the digit zero, then it would be divisible by 5. That is,
the prime factorisation of 4n would contain the prime 5.
This is not possible because 4 = (2) so the only prime in
the factorisation of 4 is 2. So, the uniqueness of the
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that
there are no other primes in the factorisation of 4 So,
there is no natural number n for which 4 ends with the
digit zero.

2. Relationship between HCF and LCM

HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b

Note :- HCF is always the factor of LCM

 Question related to topic
Q1. Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657).
Q2. Find the HCF of 96 and 404 then, find their LCM.
3. Theorem 1.3 : Let p be a prime number. If p divides
a,2 then p divides a, where a is a positive integer.

Question related to topic

Note:-

1 The sum of a rational number and a rational number

is rational.
2 The sum of a rational number and an irrational
number is irrational.
3 The sum of an irrational number and an irrational
number is irrational.
4 The product of a rational number and a rational
number is rational.
5 The product of a rational number and an irrational
number is irrational.
6 The product of an irrational number and an irrational
number is irrational.
 POLYNOMIALS
1. Polynomial
An expression of the form
P(x)=
Where a 0 is called a polynomial in x of degree n

Types of polynomials
Types of Polynomials Based on its Degree

• linear polynomial :- A polynomial of degree 1 is known

as a linear polynomial.
The standard form is ax + b, where a and b are real
numbers and a≠0.
2x + 3 is a linear polynomial.

• Quadratic polynomial:- A polynomial of degree 2 is

known as a quadratic polynomial.
Standard form is ax + bx + c, where a, b and c are real
numbers and a ≠ 0
x+ 3x + 4 is an example for quadratic polynomial.

• Cubic polynomial:- Polynomial of degree 3 is known

as a cubic polynomial.
Standard form is ax+ bx + cx + d, where a, b, c and
d are real numbers and a≠0.
x + 4x + 2 is an example for cubic polynomial.
2.Degree of a Polynomial
a polynomial having one variable which has the largest
exponent is called a degree of the polynomial.

3. Geometrical Meaning of a Polynomial

1. linear polynomial
linear polynomial is in the form ax+b, where a ≠0. The
graph of the linear equation, say y=ax+b is a straight
line.

The linear polynomial ax + b, a ≠ 0, has exactly one

zero, namely, the x-coordinate of the point where the
graph of y = ax + b intersects the x-axis.

2. Quadratic polynomial

For any quadratic polynomials

x +bx+c,a≠0,the graph of the corresponding equation
y=ax+bx+c has one of the two shapes either open
upwards like or opendownwards like
depending on whether a > 0 or a < 0. (These curves
are called parabolas.)

Quadratic polynomial has at most two zeroes and the

shaped formed is known as parabola
 Question related to topic

Q1.The graphs of y = p(x) are given below, for some

polynomials p(x). Find the number of zeroes of p(x), in
each case.

4. Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients

of a Quadratic Polynomial

Question related to topic

Q1. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial

x2+ 7x + 10, and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and the coefficients.
5. Some Important Identities

Question related to topic

Q1. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial

p(x) = 2x 2+ 5x + k satisfying the relation, α2+ β2+ αβ
= 21/4, then find the value of k.
Q2.If α and β are zeroes of p(x) = kx2+ 4x + 4, such
that α2+ β2= 24, find k.
A PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
IN TWO VARIABLES
1. Linear Equations in Two Variables
An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b, c are
real numbers (a=0 , b=0),is called a linear equation in two
variables x and y.
Examples
Each of the equations
(i) 3x - 4y + 2 = 0
(iii) 0.4x + 0.3y = 2.7
is a linear equation in x and y.

2. Solutions of linear equations

We say that x = α and y = β is a solution of
ax + by + c = O if a α + b β + c = 0.
Examples
Q1. Show that x = 3 and y = 2 is a solution of 5x - 3y = 9.
Solution:-
Substituting x = 3 and y = 2 in the given equation,
we get
LHS = 5 × 3-3 × 2 = (15 - 6) = 9 = RHS.
Hence x = 3 and y = 2 is a solution of 5x -3y = 9.
3. A pair of linear equations in two variables
Two linear equations are in the same two variables
x and y. Equations like these are called a pair of linear
equations in two variables.
The general form for a pair of linear equations in two
variables x and y is
Some examples of pair of linear equations in two
variables are:
1. 2x+3y–7=0 and 9x–2y+8=0
2. 5x=y and –7x+2y+3=0
3. x+y=7 and 17=y

4. Geometrical representation of a linear equation

in two variables

If we draw these two lines in a plane, only one of the

following three possibilities can happen:
(i) The two lines will intersect at one point.
(ii) The two lines will not intersect, i.e., they are parallel.
(iii) The two lines will be coincident.

5. Solutions of a Pair of linear equations in two

variables
A pair of values of x and y satisfying each of the
equations in a given system of two simultaneous
equations in x and y is called a solution of the
system. In other words the number of common point
is known as the solutions of the given pair of linear
equations
6.Consistent ans inconsistent of linear equations

(i) Consistent
A system of two linear equations in two unknowns is
said to be consistent if it has at least one solution.

(ii) Inconsistent
A system of two linear equations in two unknowns is
said to be inconsistent if it has no solution at all.

SUMMARY
A system of two linear equations in x and y has
(I) a unique solution if the graph lines intersect at a
point
(ii) infinitely many solutions if the two graph lines
coincide
(ili) no solution if the two graph lines are parallel
7. Algebraic Method to solve simultaneous linear
equations
(i) Substitution method

Suppose we are given two linear equations in x and y.

For solving these equations by the substitution method,
we proceed according to the following steps.

Step1:- Express y in terms of x in one of the given

equations.
Step 2:- Substitute this value of y in terms of x in the
other equation. This gives a linear equation in x.
Step 3:- Solve the linear equation in x obtained in Step 2.
Step 4:- Substitute this value of x in the relation taken in
Step 1 to obtain a linear equation in y.
Step 5:- Solve the above linear equation in y to get the
value of y.
REMARK We may interchange the role of x and y in the
above method.
Question related to topic
Q1. Solve for x and y, using substitution method:
2x + y = 7, 4x -3y + 1 = 0.
Sol. The given system of equations is
2x+y=7
4x-3y =ー1.
From (i), we get y = (7- 2x).
Substituting. y = (7-2x) in (ii), we get
4x-3(7-2x) =-1
4x -21 + 6x =-1
10x = 20
x = 2.
 Substituting x = 2 in (i), we get
2x2+y=7→y=7-4=3.
Hence, the solution is x = 2, y = 3.
(ii) Elimination method

In this method, we eliminate one of the unknown

variables and
proceed using the following steps.

Step 1.Multiply the given equations by suitable numbers

so as to make the coefficients of one of the unknown
variables numerically equal.
Step 2.If the numerically equal coefficients are opposite
in sign then add the new equations.
Otherwise, subtract them.
Step 3.The resulting equation is linear in one unknown
variable.Solve it to get the value of one of the unknown
quantities.
Step 4.Substitute this value in any of the given equations.
Step 5. Solve it to get the value of the other unknown
variable.
Question related to topic

Q1. Solve for x and y using elimination method:

10x +3y = 75, 6x -5y = 11.
Sol:- The given equations are
10x +3y = 75
6x-5y = 11.
Multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 3, we get
50x + 15y = 375
18x - 15y = 33.
 Adding (ili) and (iv), we get
68x = 408 = x=408 = x = 6.
Putting x = 6 in (i), we get
(10 × 6) +3y = 75
60 +3y = 75
3у = 75-60 => 3y = 15 => y = 5.
Hence x=6,y=5.

Very important question

Q1. Solve the following pair of linear equations:

21x + 47y = 110
47x + 21y = 162

We have
21x +47y = 110
47x + 21y = 162
Adding Equations (1) and (2), we have
68x + 68y = 272 or
x+y=4
Subtracting Equation (1) from Equation (2), we have
26x - 26y = 52 or
x-y = 2
On adding and subtracting Equations (3) and (4),
we get
x = 3,; y = 1
 QUADRATIC EQATIONS
Quadratic equation
A Quadratic Polynomial of the from
where a = 0 and a,b,c are real numbers, is called a
quadratic equation
When =0
Here a and b are coefficients of x and x respectively
and c is a constant term.
Solution of a Quadratic equation
Any value is a solution of a Quadratic equation if and
only if it satisfies the quadratic equation
Methods to find the solution of quadratic equation
1. Factorisation
2. Quadratic formulae
Nature of roots
2
Since b – 4ac determines whether the quadratic
equation ax2+ bx + c = 0 has real roots or not,
2
b – 4ac is called the discriminant of this quadratic
equation
Quadratic formulae
2
if b – 4ac ≥ 0, then the roots of the quadratic equation
ax2+bx+c=0 are given by
 ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSIONS
ArithmeticProgressions
Consider the following lists of numbers :
(i) 1, 2, 3, 4,...
(ii) 100, 70, 40, 10, . . .
(iii) –3, –2, –1, 0, . . .
(iv) 3, 3, 3, 3,...
(v) –1.0, –1.5, –2.0, –2.5, . . .

Each of the numbers in the list is called a term.

In all the lists above, we see that successive terms are
obtained by adding a fixed number to the preceding
terms. Such list of numbers is said to form an
Arithmetic Progression ( AP ).

So, an arithmetic progression is a list of numbers in

which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number
to the preceding term except the first term.

This fixed number is called the common difference of

the AP.
Remember that it can be positive, negative or zero.
1. General form of an AP.
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, . . .
represents an arithmetic progression where a is the
first term and d the common difference.
2. finite AP
An AP which contains finite number of terms is
known as finite AP
Example :- 2,4,6,8…100
3. Infinite AP
An AP which contains infinite number of terms is
known as infinite AP
Example :- 2,4,6,8…
4. nth Term of an AP
the nth term an of the AP with first term a and
common difference d is given by

5. Sum of nth Term of an AP

 TRIANGLES
1. Similar Triangles: Two triangles are said to be
similar if their corresponding angles are equal and
their corresponding sides ar proportional.

NOTE :- all congruent figures are similar but the similar

figures need not be congruent.

2. Criteria for Similarity:

Theorem 6.1 : If a line is drawn parallel to one side of

a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct
points, the other two sides are divided in the same
ratio.(B.P.T theorem)
Proof : We are given a triangle
ABC in which a line parallel to
side BC intersects other two
sides AB and AC at D and E
respectively (see Fig. 6.10).
Note that ∆ BDE and DEC are on the same base DE and
between the same parallels BC and DE.
So, ar(BDE) = ar(DEC) (3)
(Theorems without Proof)

(i) Converse of BPT Theorem : If a line divides any two

sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is
parallel to the third side. (without proof).

(ii) If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the

right triangle to the hypotenuse then triangles on both
sides of the perpendicular are similar to the whole
triangle and to each other.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
 TRIGONOMETRY

A branch of mathematics which deals with the

problems related to right angled triangles. It is the
study of rela- tionship between the sides and angles of
a right angled triangle

Note : For < A, Perpendicular

is BC and base is AB.

For < C, Perpendicualr is

AB and Base is BC.

Trigonometric Ratios of an acute angle in a right

angled triangle express the relationship between the
angle and the length of its sides.
Mind Trick : To learn the relationship of sine, cosine and
tangent follow this sentence.

PAPA BOLE PAPPU

HARI HARI BOL
5. Trigonometric ratios of some specific angles
TRIGONOMETRY HEIGHT &
DISTANCE

Angle of Elevation:
Let AB be height of object. C is the observer looking
upto to A (the top of AB). AC is called the line of
sight and ACB is angle of elevation.

Angle of Depression :
Let A is the observer looking at C (the object) from a
height BC. AC is line of sight and BAC is angle of
depression.
 Note:-
(i) If the observer moves towards the object the angle of
elevation increases and if the observer moves away from
the object, the angle of elevation decreases.

(ii) Numerically, angle of elevation is equal to angle of

depression (both are measured with the same horizontal
parallel planes).
 CIRCLES
1.Circle :- It is a collection of all those points in a plane
which are at a constant distance from a fixed point. The
fixed point is called the centre and fixed distance is
called the radius.

2. Secant: A line which intesects a circle in two distinct

points is called a secant of the circle.

3. Tangent: It is a line that intersects the circle at only

one point. The point where tangent touches the circle is
called the point of contact.
Here A is the point of contact.

4. Number of Tangent: Infinitely many tangents can

be drawn on a circle.
5. Number of Secant: There are infinitely many secants
which can be drawn to a circle.
6. The tangent to a circle is a special case of the secant.

7. There is no tangent to a circle passing through a point

lying inside the circle.

8. There is one and only one tangent to a circle passing

through a point lying on the circle.

9. There are exactly two tangents to a circle through a

point lying outside the circles.

Alternate Segment Theorem

“For any circle, the angle formed between the
tangent and the chord through the point of contact of
the tangent is equal to the angle formed by the chord
in the alternate segment”. The alternate segment
theorem is also known as the tangent-chord theorem.
Theorem 10.1 : The tangent at any point of a circle is
perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

Given :- A circle with centre O and a tangent AB at a

point P of the circle.
To prove :- OP AB.
Constructions :- Take a point Q, other than P, on AB.
Join OQ.
Proof :-
Q is a point on the tangent AB, other than the point of
contact P.
Q lies outside the circle.
Let OQ intersect the circle at R.
Then, OR < OQ [a part is less than the whole].
But, OP = OR [radii of the same circle].
OP < 0Q [from (i) and (ii)].
Thus, OP is shorter than any other line segment
joining O to any point of AB, other than P.
In other words, OP is the shortest distance between
the point O and the line AB.
But, the shortest distance between a point and a line
is the perpendicular distance.
OP AB.

REMARKS
(i) From this theorem we also conclude that at any point
on a circle, one and only one tangent can be drawn to
the circle.
(ii) The line containing the radius through the point of
contact is called the 'normal' to the circle at the point of
contact.
Theorem 10.2 : The lengths of tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle are equal
B

O
P

Cradii
Class 9th circles important theorem or key points
 AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
Circle:
A circle is the locus of a point which moves in a plane in
such a way that its distance from a fixed point always
remains the same. The fixed point is called the centre
and the constant distance is known as the radius of the
circle.

Terms related to circles

• Arc – It is basically the connected curve of a circle.

• Sector – A region bounded by two radii and an arc.
• Segment - A region bounded by a chord and an arc
lying between the chord’s endpoints. It is to be noted
that segments do not contain the centre.
• Centre – It is the midpoint of a circle.
• Chord- A line segment whose endpoints lie on the
circle.
• Diameter - A line segment having both the endpoints
on the circle and is the largest chord of the circle.
• Radius - A line segment connecting the centre of a
circle to any point on the circle itself.
• Secant - A straight line cutting the circle at two points.
It is also called an extended chord.
• Tangent - A coplanar straight line touching the circle
at a single point.
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
 STATISTICS

(ii) If calculations are tedius or observations are large,

then we apply short cut or Assumed Mean method
NOTES:

1. Empirical relationship between three measures of

central tendency: mode = 3 median – 2 mean.

2. If class interval is discontinuous, then make it

continuous by subtracting 0.5 from Lower Limit and
adding 0.5 to upper limit.
 5. Modal class: - A class interval having maximum
frequency.
6. Median class: - A class interval is which
cumulative frequency is greater than and nearest to

7. If mean of n observation is x and mean of n

observation is x then their combined

8.
9.
10.
 PROBABILITY

Examples of Sample space

1. When one coin is tossed, then
S = H, T

2. When two coins are tossed, then

S = HH, TT, HT, TH

3. When three coins are tossed, then

S = HHH, TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT

4. When four coins are tossed, then

S = HHHH, TTTT, HTTT, THTT, TTHT, TTTH, HHHT, HHTH,
HTHH, THHH, HTHT, THTH, TTHH, HHTT, THHT, HTTH.
 Dice :-

1. When a die is thrown once, then

S=1,2,3,4,5,6, n(S)=6

2. When two dice are thrown together or A die is thrown

twice, then
S= (1, 1),(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

n(S)= 6×6=36

3. When 3 dice are thrown or a die is thrown thrice then

n(S)= 6×6×6=216

n(S) no. of outcomes in sample space

Playing cards

There are 12 Face cards ( 4 Kings, 4 Queen , 4 Jack )

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