Rates of Chemical

Reactions(Reaction Kinetics)
MYP-3
What is Rate of the Chemical Reaction?
• A chemical reaction is a process generally characterized by a chemical
change in which the starting materials (reactants) are transformed to
form the products.
• The speed of each reaction is different. Some are fast and some are
slow. The speed of the reaction is called the rate of the reaction
Rate of Chemical Reaction

Rate of Chemical Reaction can be defined as the decrease in the

concentration of the reactant per unit time or increase in the
concentration of the product per unit time.

Extra Reading: https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/factors-that-affect-the-rate-of-

reactions/
How can we measure rate of reaction?
How to measure the Rate of Chemical
Reaction?
In order to measure the rate we need to define the amount of substance or
quantity of matter that is measured by mass, volume, moles or concentration.
The more often used term is concentration in chemical reaction. So change in
concentration of reactant or product is determined per unit time and rate is
determined

Note: Rate of reaction cannot be determined theoretically or

mathematically and needs to be determined experimentally.
1.Measurement by change in the mass of the
reactant.

1. The mass of marble chips and Hydrochloric acid is noted before

mixing in the conical flask
Measurement by change in the mass of the reactant.
2. The mass of marble chips and Hydrochloric acid is noted immediately
after adding to the conical flask kept on weighing balance.

3. The mass of marble chips and Hydrochloric acid is noted immediately

after adding to the conical flask kept on weighing balance.

4 . The mass of the reactant is measured at the regular interval and the data
collected is tabulated. The carbondioxide gas escapes from the flask and that
accounts for the loss of the mass.

5. A graph is plotted from the data collected and the rate of chemical
reaction is determined.
2.Measurement by change in the volume of the
product.
2.Measurement by change in the volume of the
product.
Measurement by change in the volume of the
product.
1. Magnesium ribbon and Hydrochloric acid is taken in the flask fitted with a
bent tube attached to a syringe.

2. Magnesium ribbon reacts with hydrochloric acid and hydrogen gas is produced.The
gas will push the plunger in the syringe and the volume collected will be noted at
regular interval of time.

3.The volume of gas collected at regular interval will be noted and tabulated.

5. A graph is plotted from the data collected and the rate of chemical reaction is
determined.
Chemical Reaction-Collision Theory
Reactions take place when particles collide with a certain amount of
energy.
The minimum amount of energy needed for the particles to react is
called the activation energy, and is different for each reaction.
The rate of a reaction depends on two things:

⚫ the frequency of collisions between particles

⚫ the energy with which particles collide.

Chemical Reaction-Collision Theory

Proper Orientation

Increased Frequency by
controlling the
parameter
Chemical Reaction-Collision Theory

NOTE
Chemical Reaction-Factors Affecting the rate
Anything that increases the number of successful collisions
between reactant particles will speed up a reaction.

⚫ increased temperature

⚫ increased concentration of dissolved reactants,

and increased pressure of gaseous reactants

⚫ increased surface area of solid reactants

⚫ use of a catalyst.
 1.Factor affecting rate-Temperature
The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of a reaction.
In many reactions, a rise in temperature of 10 °C causes the rate of
reaction to approximately double.

At a higher temperature, particles When the particles collide, they

have more energy. This means do so with more energy, and so
they move faster and are more the number of successful
likely to collide with other particles. collisions increases.
2.Factor affecting rate- Concentration
The higher the concentration of a dissolved reactant, the faster the rate of a
reaction.

At a higher concentration, there are more particles in the same amount

of space. This means that the particles are more likely to collide and
therefore more likely to react.
For gaseous reactants- Pressure affects rate

As the pressure increases, the space in which the gas particles are
moving becomes smaller.

The gas particles become closer together, increasing the frequency of

collisions. This means that the particles are more likely to react.
 3.Factor affecting rate- Surface Area

Any reaction involving a solid can only take place at the surface of the solid.
Splitting the solid in several pieces increases the surface area

This means that there is an increased area for the reactant particles to collide with.

The smaller the pieces, the larger the surface area. This means more collisions
and a greater chance of reaction.
4.Factor affecting rate- Catalyst
Catalysts are substances that change the rate of a reaction without being
used up in the reaction.
Catalysts never produce more product – they just produce the same amount
more quickly.

These provide alternative route to the product which has lower activation
energy.

Role of catalyst in reaction

Summary