Mathematics 9

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 5
Solving Joint Variations
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 5: Solving Joint Variations
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Rochelle B. Laranang
Editor: Cristina DC. Prado
Reviewer (Language): Ma. Cynthia P. Badana, Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
(Technical): Glady O. Dela Cruz
Layout Artist: Anthony G. Fijo , Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javena, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
OIC – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD.(EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD
(MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Mathematics 9
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 5
Solving Joint Variations
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Self-Learning Module on Solving Joint

Variations!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in this module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Self-Learning Module on Solving Joint

Variations!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Translate statements involving joint variations to mathematical equations

2. Solve problems involving joint variations.

PRETEST
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. Which of the following equations illustrates joint variation?

1
A. A = 𝑏ℎ C. C = 2𝜋𝑟 2
2
4
B. V = 𝜋𝑟 3 D. P = 4s
3

2. If y varies jointly as x and z, and y is 48 when x is 2 and z is 4, what is the value

of the constant of variation?
A. k = 3 C. k = 5
B. k = 4 D. k = 6

3. A varies jointly as B and the square of C. If the constant of variation is 9 and B is

3 and C is 2, find the value of A.
A. 162 C. 54
B. 108 D. 6

4. Work varies jointly as Force and Distance. A 40 J of work is computed when a

brick was pulled 2 meters horizontally with a force of 20 N. How much work is
done if the same brick will be pulled again 5 meters with a force of 30 N?
A. 75 J C. 150 J
B. 120 J D. 225 J

5. The volume of a right cylinder varies jointly with its height and the square of its
radius. A cylinder with a radius of 2 cm and a height of 7 cm has a volume of 88
cubic centimeters. What will be its new volume if its radius will be 7 cm and
height is 5 cm?
A. 308 𝑐𝑚3 C. 770 𝑐𝑚3
B. 615 𝑐𝑚 3
D. 220 𝑐𝑚3
 RECAP

Directions: Determine whether the equation represents a direct variation or an

inverse variation. Then, identify the constant of variation.
1
1. y = 4x 4. y =
𝑥2
3
2. y = 𝑥 5. y = −8𝑥 3
4
2
3. y =
𝑥

LESSON

Joint Variation
Joint variation takes place when one quantity varies
directly as the product of two or more quantities. In symbols,
“y varies jointly as x and z” may be written as y = kxz where
k is the constant of variation and x ≠ 0 and z ≠ 0.

Example 1: Write the equation for the statement “the volume (V) of a rectangular
prism varies jointly as its length (l), width (w) and height (h)”.
Solution:
Using the given variables, the corresponding equation will be V = klwh where
k is the constant of variation.

Example 2: If a varies jointly as b and c, and a is 36 when b is 4 and c is 3, find the

variation constant and the equation of the variation.
Solution:
a = kbc Translate “a varies jointly as b and c” into an equation
36 = k(4)(3) Substitute the given values in the equation
36 12 𝑘
= Solve for k
12 12

3=k
Therefore, the constant of variation is 3 and the equation is a = 3xz.
Example 3: If m varies directly as n, p and r, what is the value of m if n is 2, p is 6,
2
r is 5 and the constant of variation is ?
3

Solution:
m = knpr Translate “m varies directly as n and p” into an equation
2
m = ( )(2)(6)(5) Substitute the first given set of values in the equation
3
(2)(2)(6)(5)
m= Solve for k
3

m = 40
Hence, m = 40 when n is 2, p is 6 and r is 5.

Example 4: If d varies jointly as g and the square of h and d is 48 when g is 3 and

h is 2, what is the value of g when d is 200 and h is 5?
Solution:
d = kgℎ2 Translate “d varies jointly as g and the square of h” into
an equation
48 = k(3)(2) 2
Substitute the first given set of values in the equation
48 = 12k Solve for k
48
=k
12

4=k
Thus, the constant of variation is 4 and the equation is d = 4gℎ2
d = 4gℎ2
200 = 4(𝑔)(5)2 Substitute the remaining values in the new equation
formed using the computed value of k.
200 = 100g Solve for g
200
=g
100

2=g
Then, g = 2 when d is 200 and h is 5.
Example 5: The area of a rhombus varies jointly as the lengths of
d2
its two diagonals. A rhombus with an area of 140 square
centimeters have diagonals measuring 20 cm and 14 cm,
respectively. Determine the area of another rhombus if its
d1
diagonals measures 12 cm and 17 cm.

Solution:
Let A be the area of the rhombus
d1 be the length of the first diagonal
d2 be the length of the second diagonal
A = kd1d2 Working equation for the variation
140 = k(20)(14) Substitute the first given set of values to the equation
140 = 280k Solve for k
140
=k
280
1
=k
2
1 1
Therefore, the constant of variation is and the equation is A = 𝑑1 𝑑2
2 2
1
A = 𝑑1 𝑑2
2
1
A = (12)(17) Solve for A when d1 is 12 and d2 is 17
2

A = 102
Thus, the Area of the rhombus is 102 cm2 if its diagonals measure 12 cm and 17 cm.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Identify whether each equation illustrates joint variation or not:

1) y = kmp2 6) x = 5
1 𝑤𝑥
2) y = 𝑥 7) =y
4 3
𝑎𝑏𝑐
3) y = 8) y = kxz
5
5𝑎𝑏
4) y = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 9) =y
𝑥
2𝑎 1
5) y = 10) y =
𝑧𝑥 3 𝑥
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Directions: Write the following statements into joint variation equation. Find the
constant of variation and solve the unknown:

1) p varies jointly as r and s and p is 96 when r is 6 and s is 4

a. Find p when r is 7 and s is 2.
b. Find r when p is 120 and s is 5.
2) d varies jointly as e, f and g and d is 24 when e is 3, f is 2 and g is 1

a. Find d if e is 2, f is 4 and g is 9.

b. Find g if d is 160 and the product of e and f is 10

3) z varies jointly x and the square of w and z is 7 when x is 8 and z is 0.25. Find
x if z is 63 and w is 0.5.

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Directions: Write each of the following statements into joint variation equation and
then solve for the unknown:

1) The area of a triangle varies jointly as its base and height. A triangle with a
base of 9 cm and a height of 8 cm has an area of 36 cm2. What will be its new
area if 5 cm is added to its base and the height is reduced by 2 cm?

2) For a given interest rate, simple interest varies jointly as principal and time.
If Php 5,000 is invested for 5 years and earns an interest of Php 1500, how
much interest would Php 7,000 investment earn in 3 years?

3) The volume of a pyramid varies jointly as its area of the base and height. If a
pyramid with a height of 5 cm and area of its base is 36 cm2 has a volume of
60 cm3, what is the volume of the other pyramid if its height is 9 cm and its
area of the base is 24 cm2 ?

4) The area of a kite varies jointly as the lengths of its diagonals. If a kite with
diagonal lengths of 10 cm and 12 cm respectively has an area of 60 cm2, find
the length of the diagonal of the other kite if its area is 80 cm2 and one of its
diagonal measures 15cm.

5) The volume of a cone varies jointly as its height and the square of its radius.
A cone with 3 cm radius and a height of 5 cm has a volume of 15𝜋 cubic
centimeters. What will be its volume if its radius was doubled and the height
remains the same?
 WRAP-UP

Is joint variation the same with direct variation? How are they similar? How
are they different? How do we solve problems involving joint variations?

VALUING

What comes to your mind when you hear the word

teamwork? Think of the best achievement that you had as a
team. Why did you think you succeeded as a team? Write
your answer in your notebook.

POSTTEST

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. Which of the following equations illustrates joint variation?

𝑊
A. V = lwh B. A = 𝜋𝑟 2 C. F = D. 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑑

2. If p varies jointly as r and the square of t, and p is 60 when r is 5 and t is 2, what

is the value of the constant of variation?
A. k = 3 B. k = 4 C. k = 5 D. k = 6
3. y varies jointly as x and z. If the constant of variation is 7 and x is 3 and z is 4,
find the value of y.
A. 14 B. 21 C. 56 D. 8
4. m varies jointly as p and the square of q. If m is 35 when p is 7 and q is 1, find p
when m is 225 and q is 3.
A. p = 3 B. p = 4 C. p = 5 D. p = 6
5. The volume of a rectangular prism varies jointly as its length, width and height.
If a rectangular prism with length of 5 cm, width of 7 cm and a height of 2 cm
has a volume of 70 cubic centimeters, what is the volume of the other rectangular
prism if its length is 3cm, width is 10 cm and its height is 4cm?
A. 75 cm3 B. 120 cm3 C. 150 cm3 D. 225 cm3
POSTTEST
1) A 2) A 3) D 4) C 5) B
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
1) Area = 42 cm2
2) Interest = 1,260 pesos
3) Volume = 72 cm3
32
4) diagonal = 𝑐𝑚 or 10.67 cm
3
5) Volume = 60𝜋 cm3
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
1.a) p = 56 1.b) r = 6
2.a) d = 288 2.b) g = 4
3) x = 18
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
1) Joint Variation 6) Not
2) Not 7) Joint Variation
3) Joint Variation 8) Joint Variation
4) Joint Variation 9) Not
5) Not 10) Not
RECAP
1) Direct variation, k = 4 4) Inverse variation, k = 1
3
2) Direct variation, k = 5) Direct variation, k = - 8
4
3) Inverse variation, k = 2
PRETEST
1) A 2) D 3) B 4) C 5) C
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

BOOKS:

Bryant, Merden L., Bulalayao, Leonides E., Callanta, Melvin M., Cruz, Jerry D., De
Vera, Richard F., Garcia, Gilda T. and Javier, Sonia E., et. al. Mathematics
Grade 9 Learner’s Material. First Edition. Pasig City: Department of
Education, 2014.

Diaz, Zenaida B., Mojica, Maharlika P., Suzara, Josephine L., Mercado, Jesus P.,
Esparrago, Mirla S. and Reyes, Nestor Jr. V. Next Century Mathematics 9.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014.

Dilao, Soledad Jose and Bernabe, Julieta G. Intermediate Algebra Textbook for
Second Year. Pilot Edition. Quezon City: JTW Corporation, 2002.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. E-Math 9. Revised Edition. Manila: Rex
Book Store Inc., 2015.

ONLINE RESOURCES:

Pike, Scott. Welcome to MAT 120/121/122 Intermediate Algebra. Mesa Community

College, 2020, https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/
variation/direct/ direct.html. Accessed 19 June 2020.

Practical Algebra Lessons │ Purplemath, 2020,

https://www.purplemath.com/modules/variatn.html. Accessed 19 June
2020.