Mathematics: Quarter 2: Module 2 Joint and Combined Variations

9 Department of Education
National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY
MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2: Module 2
Joint and Combined Variations
Writer: Randolf Byron S. Viray

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

What I Need to Know
Hello Grade 9 learners! In this module you will learn how to:
Illustrate situations that involve (c) Joint and (d) Combined Variations.
M9AL-IIa-1c-d
Translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given
by a mathematical equation and vice versa. M9AL-IIa-b-1
Solve problems involving Joint and Combined Variations. M9AL-IIb-c-1
You can say that you have understood the lessons in this module if you can
already:
1. Illustrate joint and combined variations.
2. Translate into variation statements a relationship involving joint and
combined variation between two quantities given by a mathematical
equation and vice versa.
3. Solve problems involving Joint and Combined Variations.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is defined as the variation where a quantity depends on two or more
other quantities, whereas one quantity varies directly while the other
quantity varies inversely.
A. Direct B. Inverse C. Joint D. Combined
𝑘𝑣𝑥
2. In the equation 𝑦 = , k is called the ___________.
𝑧
A. Variable of Variation C. Constant of Variation
B. Variation D. Change
3. Which equation represents “y varies directly as x and z”?
𝑘𝑥 𝑘𝑧
A. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 B. 𝑦 = 𝑧 C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 D. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑧
For numbers 4 – 7, answer the following questions.

“The Interest earned by a savings account of Mr. Viray is jointly proportional to
the Time and its Principal amount. After one quarter (3 months),
the interest for a principal amount of Php 6,000 is Php 120.”
4. What mathematical equation best translates the given problem?
𝑘𝑇 𝑘𝑇
A. 𝐼 = 𝑘𝑇𝑃 B. 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑇𝐼 C. 𝐼 = 𝑃 D. 𝑃 = 𝐼
5. What is the value of the given time?
2 3 1
A. 𝑇 = 25 B. 𝑇 = 3 C. 𝑇 = 12 D. 𝑇 = 12

6. What is the constant of variation?
2 1 1
A. 𝑘 = 25 B. 𝑘 = 3 C. 𝑘 = 4 D. 𝑘 = 12
7. How much interest is earned within 5 months if the principal amount is
Php 7,500?
A. Php 200 B. Php 250 C. Php 300 D. Php 350
𝑘𝑏
8. Which is the correct translation of the equation 𝐴 = 𝑐 ?
A. A varies jointly as b and inversely as c
B. A varies directly as c and inversely as b
C. A is jointly proportional to b and c
D. A is directly proportional to k, b and c
A 6 ?
B 8 12
C 4 9
For numbers 9 – 10, answer the following questions based from the given
mathematical sentence and its corresponding table of values.
“a varies directly as b
and inversely as c.”
9. What is the variation equation and the value of the missing variable?
𝑘𝑏 𝑘𝑏
A. 𝑎 = 𝑐 , a = 4 C. 𝑎 = 𝑐 , a=3
B. 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐, a = 4 D. 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐, a = 3
D 2 ?
X 3 2
R 18 20
“d varies directly as the
square of x and inversely with r.”
𝑘𝑥 2
A. 𝑑 = , d=4 C. 𝑑 = 𝑘𝑥 2 𝑟, d = 4
𝑟
4 𝑘𝑥 2 4
B. 𝑑 = 𝑘𝑥 2 𝑟, d = 5 D. 𝑑 = , d=5
𝑟
Lesson 1: ILLUSTRATIONS OF JOINT AND COMBINED VARIATIONS
What’s In
Its Riddle Time!
Answer the riddle and write the letters on the space provided after decoding.
Riddle: He is a Filipino mathematician who developed a board game called
DAMATHS. The board game applies the moves used in the Filipino board game
DAMA to solve problems on the different concepts in Mathematics. Who is he?

7 8 3 1 3 4 1 8 6 2 5
Answer Choices:
3
1. Translate the variation statement: A: 𝑘=4
“c varies directly as n” ____
2. If c=36 when n=6, J: 𝑦=3
1
What is n when c=2? ____
1
3. Based from item D: 𝑛 = 12
number 2, what is
the value of k? ______
1
4. If c=9 when n=12, E: 𝑘=
27
What is n when c = 6? ______
5. Based from item N: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2
number 4, what is
𝑘
the value of k? ______ F: 𝑐=𝑛
6. Translate the variation statement:
“y varies directly as S: 𝑘=6
the square of x” ______
1
7. If x = 3 when y = 3 H: 𝑛=8
What is y when x = 9? ______
𝑘
8. Based from item B: 𝑦 = 𝑥2
number 7, what is
the value of k? ____ U: 𝑐 = 𝑘𝑛
Questions:
1. Were you able to guess the given riddle correctly? If No, what are the
incorrect items?
2. What type of variation represented the given items?
What’s New
Use the situation below to answer the questions that follow.
In the recent 2020 Metrobank – MTAP DepEd Mathematics Challenge

held in Marikina City, these statements were mentioned:
Statement A: “y varies directly as x and z”
Statement B: “y varies directly as x and z and inversely as w”
Is there a difference between the two statements? Justify your answer.

Statement A is directly proportional with more than one variable. This is
called Joint Variation.
Statement B involves direct and inverse variation at the same time.

This is called Combined Variation.
What is It
Steps in Solving Joint and Combined Variation

1. Write the correct mathematical equation.
2. Use the information given in the problem to find the value of k, called the
constant of variation or the constant of proportionality.
3. Rewrite the equation from step 1 by substituting in the value of k found in
step 2
4. Use the equation found in step 3 and the remaining information given in
the problem to answer the question asked.
JOINT VARIATION
Joint Variation is a relationship among three variables that can be
written in the form y = kxz, where k is a constant of variation or constant of
proportionality.
The statements “y varies jointly as”, or “is jointly proportional to”
denotes joint variation.
𝑎
The statement “a varies jointly as b and c” means 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐, or 𝑘 = 𝑏𝑐
where:
k = constant of variation
a, b, c = variables
Illustrative Examples:
1. Find an equation of variation where y, varies jointly as x and c, and y = 24
when x = 2 and z = 3.
Given:
y = 24 x=2 z=3
Solution:
Step 1: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 Correct Mathematical Equation
Step 2: 24 = 𝑘(2)(3) Substitute the given to find k
24 = 6𝑘 Simplify
24 6𝑘
= 6 Division Property of Equality
6
𝑘=4 Simplify
Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 4 and the required
equation of variation is a = 4bc.

2. If y varies jointly as x and z, and y = 12 when x = 6 and z = 4.
Solve for the following:

a. Find y when x = 3 and z = 12.
b. Constant of Variation and Variation Equation
Given:
x=6 x=3
y = 12 y =?
z=4 z = 12
Solution:
Step 1: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 Correct Mathematical Equation
Step 2: 12 = 𝑘(6)(4) Substitute the given to find k
12 = 24𝑘 Simplify
12 24𝑘
= Division Property of Equality
24 24
1
𝑘=2 Constant of Variation
Step 3: Solve for y
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 Correct Mathematical Equation
1
Step 4: y = 2 (3)(12) Substitute the given to find y
y = 18 Simplify
1
Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 2, and the required
1
equation of variation is y = 2xz.
3. The variable z varies jointly with x and y, and z = -75 when x = 3 and y = - 5.

a. Find y when z = 225 and x = - 90
Given:
x=3 x = -90
y = -5 y =?
z = -75 z = 225
Solution:
Step 1: 𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦 Correct Equation
Step 2: −75 = 𝑘(3)(−5) Substitute the given to find k
−75 = −15𝑘 Simplify
−75 −15𝑘
= By Division Property of Equality
−15 −15
𝑘=5
Step 3: Solve for y
𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦 Correct Mathematical Equation

Step 4: 225 = (5) (-90)(y) Substitute the given to find y
225 −450 𝑦
= −450 By Division Property of Equality
−450
𝟏
y = −𝟐 Simplify

equation of variation is z = 5xy.
COMBINED VARIATION
It is a variation that involves combinations of direct, inverse and joint
𝑘𝑥
variation. It can be expressed in the form 𝑦 = 𝑧 , where k is the constant of
variation or the constant of proportionality.
The statement “y varies directly as x and inversely as z” denotes
combined variation.
In combined variation, one quantity varies directly with one or more
quantities, and inversely with one or more quantities.
The statement “y varies directly as x and inversely as z” means 𝑦 =

𝑦
𝑘𝑥𝑧, or 𝑘 =
𝑥𝑧
where:
k = constant of variation
x, y, z = variables
1. Find an equation of variation where a varies inversely as c and directly as b,
and a = 12 when b = 2 and c = 3
Given:
a = 12 b=2 c=3
Solution:
𝑘𝑏
Step 1: 𝑎= Correct Mathematical Equation
𝑐
𝑘 (2)
Step 2: 12 = Substitute the given to find k
(3)
36 = 2𝑘 Multiplication Property of Equality
36 2𝑘
2
𝑘 = 18 Simplify
Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 18 and the required

18𝑏
equation of variation is 𝑎 = .
𝑐

2. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y=14 when x = 7 and z = 8
a, Find the constant of variation and variation equation.
b. Find x when y = 26 ad z = 8
Given:
x=7 x=?
y = 14 y =26
z=8 z=8
Solution:
𝑘𝑥
Step 1: 𝑦= Correct Mathematical Equation
𝑧
𝑘 (7)
(8)
7𝑘
14 = 8 Simplify
112 = 7𝑘 Multiplication Property of Equality
112 7𝑘
7 7
𝑘 = 16 Simplify
Step 3: Solve for y
𝑘𝑥
𝑦= 𝑧
Correct Mathematical Equation
(16) (𝑥)
Step 4: 26 = Substitute the given to find x
8
(26)(8) = 16𝑘 Multiplication Property of Equality
208 = 16𝑘
208 16𝑘
16 16
𝑥 = 13 Simplify

16 𝑥
equation of variation is 𝑦 = 𝑧 .
3. If y varies jointly as x and z, and inversely as w, and y = 12 when x = 3,

z = 2, and w = √64.

1
a. Find y when w = 2, x = 2, and z = 9
Given:
1
w = √64 w=2
x=3 x = 20
y = 12 y =?
z=2 z=9
Solution:
𝑘𝑥𝑧
Step 1: 𝑦= Correct Mathematical Equation
𝑤
4

𝑘 (3)(2)
√64
6𝑘
12 = 8 Simplify
(12)(8) = 6𝑘 Multiplication Property of Equality
96 6𝑘
6
𝑘 = 16 Simplify
Step 3: Solve for y
𝑘𝑥𝑧
𝑦= 𝑤 Correct Mathematical Equation
(16) (20)(9)
Step 4: 𝑦= 1 Substitute the given to find y
2
288
𝑦= 1 Simplify
2
2
𝑦 = 288 ∗ Division of Fraction
1
y = 576 Simplify
Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 16, and the required equation

16 𝑥𝑧
of variation is 𝑦 = 𝑤 .
What’s More
Solve for the constant of variation and the missing
variable.
A. Joint Variation
1. If y varies jointly as x and
z, and y = 105 when x = 5
and z = 7, then find y
when x = 9 and z = 10
Suppose y varies jointly

as x and z and y=90 when
x =6 and z = 3. Find y
when x = 4 and z =
B. Combined Variation
y varies directly as x
and inversely as z,
If y = 6 when x = 9 and
z = 3, find y when
x = 10 and z = 2.
If y varies directly with x
and inversely as z, and
y=24 when x=54 and
z=9, find y when x=27,
and z=3

What I Have Learned
In your own words, enumerate the steps in solving joint and combined
variations.
✔ ___________________________________________________________
✔ ___________________________________________________________
✔ ___________________________________________________________
✔ ___________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
PERFORMANCE TASK
Goal:
You will create a doodle note that illustrates Joint and Combined
Variation. This doodle note may include words, symbols, figures, and scenarios
that illustrate Joint and Combined Variation. The doodle note will be posted in
the social media sites that aim to help learners better understand the lessons
on variation.
Role:
You are an Infographic Designer
Audience:
The target audience will all be social media users most especially the
Grade 9 students all over the country.
Situation:
The Department of Education is launching several means of Learning
Continuity Plan and Action amidst of COVID – 19 pandemic plague, one of
which is utilizing social media platforms as a channel of communication
between teachers and students. In line with this, DepEd asks an Infographic
Designer to create a doodle note comprising the lessons in Mathematics. As an
infographic designer, you need to create a Doodle Note in a short bond paper
that illustrates Joint and Combined Variation.
Product and Performance:
In a short bond paper, you will create a doodle that involves the following:
A. Basic Introduction and Definition of Joint and Combined Variation
B. At least 2 examples of Illustrating situations involving Joint and
Combined Variations. (Examples must be solved personally and
priorly checked by the teacher)
C. Add other information, figures, and illustration related to Joint and
Combined Variation
2

Standards and Criteria for Success
Your product will be evaluated based on the rubrics given:
Scoring Rubrics
Beginning Developing Accomplished
Criteria Exemplary 4 Score
1 2 3
Most of the
Few of the required
Missing most or required All of the required
elements are clearly
Required all of the elements are elements are clearly
visible organized and
Elements required clearly visible, visible, organized
well – placed. May be
elements organized and and well – placed.
missing elements
well – placed.
The project has an
The project The project has
The project needs excellence design
needs significant a nice design
Visual Clarity improvement in and layout. It is neat
improvement in and layout. It is
and Appeal design, layout, and and easy to
design, layout neat and easy to
neatness understand the
and neatness read
content
A little creativity Good Creativity
Some creativity. Not Well thought out and
Creativity and some and mostly
enough planning very creative.
planning thought out
\
Assessment
5𝑥
1. What type of variation does the equation 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑡 best illustrates?
2. It is a type of variation in which two or more variables vary directly on each

other.
3. What is the initial step in solving joint and combined variation?

A. Use the information given in the problem to find the value of k.
B. Write the correct equation
C. Rewrite the equation by substituting in the value of k
D. Use the equation and the remaining information given in the word
problem to answer the question asked.
4. Suppose y varies jointly as x and z. If y =180 when z=15 and x = -3, then
find y when x = 7 and z = -5
A. y = -140 B. y = 140 C. y = -4 D. y = 4
5. Suppose p varies directly as r, and p and varies inversely as t. If t=20

when p=4 and r=2, then find t when r=10 and p= -5
A. t = 80 B. t = -80 C. t = 4 D. t = -4
Additional Activities 3

A. If y varies jointly as x and z, find the constant of variation and missing value.
1. If y = 12 when x = 6 and z = 4, what is x when y = 36 and z = 72?

2. If y = 24 when x = 2 and z = 3, what is y when x = 18 and z = 5?
B. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, find the constant of variation and

missing value.
3. If y = 12 when x = 18 and z = 6, find y when x = 20 and z = 4.

4. If y = 24 when x = 16 and z = 12, find x when y = 32 and z = 4.
Lesson 2: TRANSLATION INTO VARIATION STATEMENTS A

RELATIONSHIP INVOLVING JOINT AND COMBINED
VARIATION BETWEEN TWO QUANTITIES GIVEN BY A
MATHEMATICAL EQUATION AND VICE VERSA.
What’s In
Its Riddle Time!

Answer the riddle and write the letters on the space provided after decoding.
Riddle: He is a Swiss Mathematician and physicist who invented the calculus
of variation. Who is he?
2 6 9 5 4 7 8 3 6 1 2 6 8
Answer Choices:
1. The Fare F of a passenger varies directly A: 𝐴 = 𝑠 2
𝑘
as the distance d of his destination __________ E: 𝐹 = 𝑠
2. The time t teacher spends checking papers I: 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑠
to the number of students (s) __________ O: 𝐴 = 𝑘ℎ
3. The base b of a triangle varies inversely U: 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑑
as its altitude h __________ L: 𝑡 = 𝑘𝑠
𝑘
4. The volume V of a cylinder varies directly D: 𝑏=ℎ
𝑘
as its height h. __________ N: 𝑚=
𝑔
𝑘
5. The mass m of an object varies inversely R: 𝑟 = 𝑡

as the acceleration due to gravity g. __________ H: 𝑉 = 𝑘ℎ
6. The number of Fruits F in a row varies S: 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑠
𝑘
inversely as the space s between them. __________ Q: 𝑡= 𝑠
7. The area A of a square varies directly as T: 𝑚 = 𝑘𝑔
the square of its side s __________ B: 𝑆 = 𝑎2
8. The rate r at which a person types a certain C: 𝐻 = 𝑘𝐴
𝑘
9. manuscript varies inversely as the time t J: 𝑡=𝑎
𝑘
spent in typing. __________ K: 𝑃=𝑓
10. The area A of a triangle is proportional
to its height h __________
Questions:
1. Were you able to guess the given riddle correctly? If No, what are the
incorrect items?
2. What type of variation can be generated from the activity?
What’s New
Use the situation below to answer the questions that follow.
In the recent 2020 Metrobank – MTAP DepEd Mathematics Challenge
held in Marikina City, these statements were mentioned:
Statement A:
“The area of a rectangle varies jointly as its length and width”
Statement B:
“One’s Intelligence Quotient or IQ varies directly as a person’s
mental age and inversely as that person’s chronological age”
1. How do you translate these variation statements into its variation

equations? What variation equations can we generated from these two
statements?
2. In your opinion, is there a pattern on translating variation statements into
variation equations and vice versa? Justify your answer.
𝑘𝑏𝑥
3. Given the variation equation ℎ = , how do you translate this equation
𝑧
into its corresponding variation statement? How about 𝑝 = 𝑘ℎ𝑔2 ?
5
What is It
A. TRANSLATING VARIATION STATEMENTS INTO VARIATION
EQUATIONS
1. The area A of a trapezoid varies jointly as the height and the sum of the
bases
Solution:
Let A = area of trapezoid
k = varies jointly
h = height
𝑏1 + 𝑏2 = sum of the bases
Answer: 𝐴 = 𝑘ℎ(𝑏1 + 𝑏2 )
2. The area of a rectangle varies jointly as the length and the width.
Solution:
Let A = area of rectangle
k = varies jointly
l = length
w = width
Answer: 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑙𝑤
3. The amount of simple Interest earned in an account varies jointly as the
amount of principal invested and the amount of time the money is
invested.
Solution:
Let I = Simple Interest
k = varies jointly
P = principal amount money
T = time money is invested
Answer: 𝐼 = 𝑘𝑃𝑇
4. The Load that a beam supports varies jointly with its width and the
square of its length, and inversely as its depth.
Solution:
Let B = Load that a beam can hold
k = varies jointly
W = width
L = length
D = depth
𝑘𝑊𝐿2
Answer: 𝐵= 𝐷

B. TRANSLATING VARIATION EQUATION INTO VARIATION
STATEMENTS
1. 𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦
Answers: → z varies jointly as x and z
→ z is jointly proportional to x and y
→ z is directly proportional to x and y
𝑘𝑉
2. ℎ = 𝑟 2
Answers: → h varies jointly as V and inversely as the square of r
→ h varies directly as V and inversely as the square of r
→ h is directly proportional to V and inversely
proportional to the square of r
𝑘𝑑
3. 𝑟 = 𝑡
Answer: → r varies jointly as d and inversely as t
→ r varies directly as d and inversely as t
→ r is directly proportional to d and inversely to t
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (𝑘𝑔)
4. BMI =
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (𝑚)2
Answer:
→ Body Mass Index varies jointly as the weight in kilogram and varies
inversely as the square of the height in meter.
→ Body Mass Index is jointly proportional to weight in kilogram and
inversely proportional to the square of the height in meter.
What’s More
A. Translate each statement into a mathematical equation. Use k as the

constant of variation.
Statements Variation
Equation
1. The Heat (H) produced by an electric lamp varies directly
as the resistance (R) and the square of the current (i)
2. The electrical resistance (R) of a wire varies directly as its
length (l) and indirectly as the square of its diameter (d).
3. The area (A) of a triangle varies jointly as the based (b)
and the altitude (h)
4. The Pressure (P) of a gas varies directly as its
temperature (t) and inversely as its volume (v)
5. The appropriate length (L) of a rectangular beam varies
jointly as its width (W) and its depth (d)
B. Translate each variation equation into its corresponding variation statement.

Variation Statements
Equation
6. 𝐻 =
𝑘𝑥𝑟 2
7. 𝑦 =
𝑘𝑧 3 𝑥
𝑘𝑟 2
8. 𝑉 = ℎ
9. 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑘𝑔
10. 𝑆 = ℎ2
What I Have Learned

3-2-1 Go!
Complete the following phrases by writing down your learning insights on
translation of variation statements given a mathematical equation and vice
versa.
✔ Three (3) things/facts I have learned
1. _________________________________________________
3 2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
✔ Two (2) questions I still have in mind
2 1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
✔ One (1) opinion I now have
1 1. __________________________________________________
What I Can Do
PERFORMANCE TASK
Goal:
You will create a doodle note that depicts an image of translation into
variation statements involving joint and combined variation given by a
mathematical equation and vice versa.
Role:

You are an Infographic Designer
Audience:
The target audience will all be social media users most especially the
Grade 9 students all over the country.
Situation:
The Department of Education is launching several means of Learning
Continuity Plan and Action amidst of this COVID – 19 pandemic plague, one of
which is utilizing social media platforms as a channel of communication
between teachers and students. In line with this, DepEd asks an Infographic
Designer to create a doodle note comprising lessons in Mathematics. As an
infographic designer, you need to create a Doodle Note in a short bond paper
that translates Joint and Combined Variation statements.

In a short bond paper, you will create a doodle that involves the following:
A. Write down your own understanding on how to translate statements
into variation equation, and vice versa. Cite your own unique steps in
better understanding this lesson.
B. Provide at least 2 examples each of translating variation statements
into variation equation and vice versa. Examples should not be taken
from the given examples and exercises. (Examples must be solved
personally and priorly checked by the teacher)
C. Add other information, figures, and illustration related to Joint and
Combined Variation.

Your product will be evaluated based on the rubrics given below:
Scoring Rubrics
Beginning Developing Accomplished
Criteria Exemplary 4 Score
1 2 3
Few of the Most of the
All of the required
Missing most or required elements required
elements are
Required all of the are clearly visible elements are
clearly visible,
Elements required organized and well clearly visible,
organized and
elements – placed. May be organized and
well – placed.
missing elements well – placed.
The project The project The project has
Visual needs The project needs has a nice an excellence
Clarity significant improvement in design and design and layout.
and improvement in design, layout, and layout. It is It is neat and easy
Appeal design, layout neatness neat and easy to understand the
and neatness to read content
Good
A little creativity Some creativity.
Creativity and Well thought out
Creativity and some Not enough
mostly thought and very creative.
planning planning
out

Assessment
1. Which of the following is the correct translation of the variation equation?
ℎ = 𝑘𝑎𝑏2 ?
A. h varies inversely as a and the square of b
B. h varies jointly as a, and inversely as square of b
C. h is jointly proportional to a and the square of b
D. h is directly proportional to a and b
2. Which of the following is the correct translation of the variation equation?
𝑘𝐻
𝑉= 𝑑?
A. V varies jointly as H and inversely as d
B. V varies inversely as H and d
C. V is jointly proportional to H and d
D. V is directly proportional to d and inversely as H
3. Translate this variation statement into its variation equation:

“In Anthropology, cephalic index is used to estimate the dimensions of the
bones. The cephalic index c varies directly as the width w of the head and
inversely as the length L of the head when viewed from the top.”
𝑤 𝑘𝑤
A. 𝑐 = 𝐿 B. 𝑐 = 𝐿 C. 𝑐 = 𝑘𝑤𝐿 D. 𝑐 = 𝑤𝐿
“The appropriate length s of a rectangular beam varies jointly as its width
w and its depth d”
𝑘 𝑘𝑤
A. 𝑠 = 𝑤 B. 𝑠 = 𝑑 C. 𝑠 = 𝑘𝑤𝑑 D. 𝑠 = 𝑤𝑑
“The drag force F on a boat varies jointly with the wet surface area A
of the boat and the square of the speed s of the boat.”
𝑘𝐴 𝑘𝐴
A. 𝐹 = 𝑠 2 B. 𝐹 = 𝑠 C. 𝐹 = 𝑘𝐴 D. 𝐹 = 𝑘𝐴𝑠 2
Additional Activities
Complete the table.
Variation Statements
Equation
1. 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑤𝐿
2. F varies directly as r and the square of h and inversely as q
𝑘𝑢
3. 𝑆 = ℎ2
𝑘𝑔
4. 𝐴 = 𝑡
5. A is jointly proportional to h, cube of r, and square of b
10

Lesson 3: APPLICATIONS OF JOINT AND COMBINED VARIATIONS
What’s In
Crossword Puzzle!
Fill up the word/s that fits with the following description given below. Write
your answer on the corresponding item given in the crossword puzzle.
4
2 5
ACROSS
1. A type of variation that involves all other types of variation in a certain
𝑘𝑥
equation. It can be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑧
2. It is a concept in Mathematics that deals with the relationship between two
or more variables. It is a change in the value of a function due to small
changes of its argument/s.
DOWN
3. A type of variation which varies directly with two or more variables. It can
be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧
4. In the equation 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, k is called the ________ of variation
5. A type of variation in which two quantities represent by x and y, varies
indirectly and can be written in the form y = k/x.
6. A type of variation which varies directly with one variable. It can be written
in the form 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
Questions:
1. Were you able to get all items correctly? If No, explain.
2. Can we apply the concepts of variation in our daily – life living? Justify
your answer.
11

What’s New
Consider these problems:
Problem A: Byron has a rectangular garden in which the area varies
directly as its length (L) and width (W).
Problem B: Supposed the maximum weight a beam can hold varies inversely
as its length, and jointly as its width and the square of its height.
Questions:
1. In Problem A, how do you represent the width and the length of the
garden?
2. In Problem B, how do you represent the beam in terms of its length,
width and height?
3. What type of variation illustrates problem A? How about problem B? Justify
your answer.
4. What variation equations can you generated from the two given problems?
What is It
STEPS IN SOLVING WORD PROBLEM
1. G: GIVEN What are the given? What is given?
2. R: REQUIRED What is/are the required variable/s?
3. E: EQUATION What is the variation equation that represents the
given word problem?
4. S: SOLUTION Show your complete solution
5. A: ANSWER Write your final answer in a statement form.
PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING JOINT AND COMBINED VARIATIONS.
1. Randolf has a rectangular garden in which the area varies jointly as the
length and the width, and A = 48 sq. cm when l = 12 cm and w = 2 cm. Find
the area of the rectangle whose length is 15 cm and whose width is 3 cm.
Given: Let
A → represents the area of the rectangular garden
l → represents the length of the garden
w → represents the width of the garden
A 48 ?
l 12 15
w 2 3
12

Required:
The area of rectangular garden that will cover with 15 cm long and 3 cm wide.
Equation:
𝐴 = 𝑘𝑙𝑤
Solutions:
𝐴 = 𝑘𝑙𝑤 correct equation
48 = 𝑘 (12)(2) substitute the given
48 24𝑘
24 24
𝑘=2 Simplify
Solve for y
𝐴 = 𝑘𝑙𝑤 correct equation
𝐴 = (2)(15)(3) substitute the given and simplify
𝐴 = 90 Simplify
Answer:
The Area is 90𝑐𝑚2 for a rectangular garden with 15 cm long and 3 cm wide.
2. The time t it takes to construct a highway varies directly as the length of the
road l but inversely with the number of workers w. If it takes 50 workers 8
weeks to construct 2 kilometers of highway, how long will it take 80 workers
to construct 15 kilometers of highway?
Given: Let
𝑙 → represents the length of the road
𝑡 → represents the time to construct the highway
𝑤 → represents the number of workers.
l 2 15
t 8 ?
w 50 80
Required:
The time will it takes for 80 workers to construct 15 kilometers of highway
Equation:
𝑘𝑙
𝑡=
𝑤
Solutions:
𝑘𝑙
𝑡= correct equation
𝑤
𝑘 (2)
(8) = substitute the given
(50)
13

(8)(50) = 𝑘(2) Multiplying Multiplicative Inverse
400 2𝑘
2 2
𝑘 = 200 Simplify
Solve for y
𝑘𝑙
𝑡= correct equation
𝑤
(200) (15)
𝑌= substitute the given
(80)
80𝑌 = (200)(15) Multiplying Multiplicative Inverse

80𝑌 = 3000 Simplify
80𝑌 3000
80 80
𝑌 = 37.5 Simplify
Answer:
It will take 37.5 weeks for 80 workers to construct 15 kilometers of highway.
What’s More
/;:
Answer the following word problems.
1. The area (A) of a triangle varies jointly as its base (b) and height (h). If its
base is 8 inches and height is 7 inches, it has an area of 28 square inches.
Find the base if its height is 4 inches and its area is 16 square inches.
2. The number of minutes (y) needed to solve some math problems varies
directly as the number of problems (x) and inversely as the number of
people (z) working on those problems. It takes 4 people 32 minutes to solve
16 problems. How many minutes will it take 8 people to solve 24 problems?
14

What I Have Learned
Answer the following questions based on your own understanding.

1. What is the significance of Joint Variation in our daily lives? Justify.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. What is the significance of Combined Variation in our daily lives? Justify.

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
PERFORMANCE TASK
Goal:
You will create a scrapbook that shows the real – life applications of Joint
and Combined Variation.
Role:
You are a Scrapbook Designer.
Audience:
The target audience will all be Junior High School students of your
school.
Situation:
In your school, Mathematics Month is being celebrated annually. One of
the aims of the program is to showcase the creativity of the students through
their performance task outputs via School Exhibit. In this regard, you are asked
by your math teacher to create a scrapbook that includes several concepts in
Mathematics and that includes the applications of Joint and Combined
Variation.

The scrapbook should contain the following:
1. A Journal on the process of solving real – life situations involving joint
and combined variation.
2. Draw a certain situation or object that represents each of joint and
combined variation. Below the illustration, explain the importance of
these variation in your life as a student.
15

Your product will be evaluated based on the rubrics given below:
Scoring Rubrics
Developing Accomplished Exemplary
Criteria Beginning 1 Score
2 3 4
The scrap book The scrap book
The scrap book The scrap book
was poorly is generally
Neatness was sloppy and was done very neat
created and neat and
difficult to read and easy to read
difficult to read readable
A little creativity Some creativity. Good Creativity
Well thought out
Creativity and some Not enough and mostly
and very creative.
planning planning thought out
Information is
Information is clear
organized and
The information is and very well
The information sections are
organized, but not organized with
Organization appears to be identified with a
entirely sequential each section in
disorganized. good amount of
or with clarity clear sequential
clarity and
order.
sequencing
Student
Student poorly Student somehow Student explained
explained his
explained his explained his and supported his
thinking using
thinking. thinking using one thinking using more
one explanation
Explanation explanation with than one
and provided
very minimal explanation, and
evidence of
evidence of provided evidence
thinking.
thinking of thinking.
Assessment
For numbers 1 - 3, answer the following questions about Joint Variation.
“The amount of Simple Interest (I) earned in an account varies
jointly as the amount of principal (P) invested and the amount of time(T)
the money is invested, Php 5,000 in principal earns Php 750 in 6 years”
1. Which of the following best translates the given situation into its
corresponding mathematical equation?
𝑘𝑇 𝑘𝑇
A. 𝐼 = 𝑘𝑃𝑇 B. 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑇𝐼 C. 𝐼 = 𝑃 D. 𝑃 = 𝐼

1 1
A. 𝑘 = 40 B. 𝑘 = 1 C. 𝑘 = 40 D. 𝑘 = 12
3. How much interest will be earned on Php 8,000 in 4 years?

A. Php 600 B. Php 700 C. Php 800 D. Php 900
16

For numbers 4 - 5, answer the following questions about Combined Variation.
“The number of minutes (Y) needed to solve an exercise set of
variation problems varies directly as the number of problems (X) and
inversely as the number of people (Z) working on the solutions. It takes
4 people 36 minutes to solve 18 problems.”
A. 𝑘 = 5 B. 𝑘 = 6 C. 𝑘 = 7 D. 𝑘 = 8
5. How many minutes will it take 6 people to solve 42 problems?

A. 46 minutes C. 1 hour and 6 minutes
B. 56 minutes D. 2 hours and 6 minutes
Additional Activities
Read and understanding the problem, then answer the questions below.
“The volume of gas varies directly as the temperature and
inversely as the pressure. If the volume is 250 𝑐𝑚3 when the temperature
is 400 ° 𝐾 and the pressure is 20 lb/𝑐𝑚2 , what is the volume when the
temperature is 250° 𝐾 and the pressure is 35 lb/𝑐𝑚2 .”
17

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

1. It is defined as the variation where a quantity depends directly on two or
more other quantities
2. Constant of variation is also known as ___________________________
A. Constant of Change C. Constant of Independent Variable
B. Constant of Proportionality D. Constant of Dependent Variable
3. It is defined as the variation where a quantity depends on two or more
other quantities, whereas one quantity varies directly while the other
quantity varies inversely.
4. Which of the following equations best represent the statement “y varies
directly as x and the square of z”?
𝑘𝑥
A. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 C. 𝑦 = 𝑧 2
𝑘𝑥
B. 𝑦 = D. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 2
𝑧
5. If z varies jointly with x and y. When x=2 and y= -6, z= 24, then find z
when x = -4 and y =5.
A. z = 40 C. z = -40
B. z = 20 D. z= -20
For numbers 6 – 8, determine the type of variation that best illustrates with the
following equations.
7𝑟 2
6. 𝑦 = 𝑥
7. 𝑦 = 2𝑎2 𝑏3 𝑐 4
8𝑏2 𝑐 3
8. 𝑦 =
𝑑2
For numbers 9 – 11, answer the following questions about Joint Variation.
“The Work w (in Joules) done when lifting an object varies jointly with the
mass m (in Kilogram) of the object and the height h (in meters) that the object
is lifted. The work done when a 120-kilogram object is lifted 1.8 meters is
2,116.8 Joules.”
𝑘𝑚 𝑚
A. 𝑤 = 𝑘𝑚ℎ B. 𝑤 = 𝑚ℎ C. 𝑤 = ℎ D. 𝑤 = ℎ
A. 𝑘 = 8 B. 𝑘 = 9 C. 𝑘 = 8.9 D. 𝑘 = 9.8
18

11. How much work is done when lifting a 100-kilogram object 1.5 meters?
A. 1,047 Joules C. 1,740 Joules
B. 1,470 Joules D. 1,704 Joules
For numbers 12 –14, answer the following questions about Combined Variation.
“The volume of wood in a tree (V) varies directly as the height (h) and
inversely as the square of the girth (g). The volume of a tree is 144 cubic
meter when the height is 20 meter and the girth is 1.5 meter.”
ℎ 𝑘ℎ
A. 𝑉 = 𝑘ℎ𝑔2 B. 𝑉 = ℎ𝑔2 C. 𝑉 = 𝑔2 D. 𝑉 = 𝑔2
A. 𝑘 = 10.8 B. 𝑘 = 16.2 C. 𝑘 = 20.8 D. 𝑘 = 26.2
14. What is the height of a tree with a volume of 1,000 cubic meters and a
girth of 2 meters?
A. 123.46 meter C. 246.91 meter
B. 206.91 meter D. 223.46 meter
15. Which of the following is the correct translation of the variation equation
𝑡 = 𝑘𝑎𝑏2 ?
A. t varies inversely as a and the square of b
B. t varies jointly as a, and inversely as square of b
C. t is jointly proportional to a and the square of b
D. t is directly proportional to a and b
16. Which of the following is the correct translation of the variation equation
𝑘𝑃
𝑄= ?
𝑑
A. Q varies jointly as P and inversely as d
B. Q varies inversely as P and d
C. Q is jointly proportional to P and d
D. Q is directly proportional to d and inversely as P
17. What is the initial step in solving joint and combined variation?
A. Use the information given in the problem to find the value of k.
B. Write the correct equation
C. Rewrite the equation by substituting in the value of k
D. Use the equation and the remaining information given in the word
problem to answer the question asked.
a 5 ?
b 2 5
c 4 25
For numbers 18 - 20, answer the following questions based from the given
mathematical sentence and its corresponding table of values.
“a varies directly as b
and inversely as c.”
19

𝑘𝑏 𝑘𝑏
A. 𝑎 = 𝑐 , a = 2 C. 𝑎 = 𝑐 , a = 10
B. 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐, a = 2 D. 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐, a = 10
f 24 4
g 6 3
p 12 ?
“f varies directly as the
square of g and inversely with p.”
𝑘𝑔2
A. 𝑓 = , p=8 C. 𝑓 = 𝑘𝑔2 𝑝, p = 18
𝑝
𝑘𝑔2
B. 𝑓 = 𝑘𝑔2 𝑝, p = 8 D. 𝑓 = , p =18
𝑝
G 8 ?
h 6 12
f 3 6
“G is jointly proportional to h and inversely proportional to the square
of f”
𝑘ℎ 𝑘ℎ
A. 𝐺 = , G =12 C. 𝐺 = , G=4
𝑓2 𝑓2
B. 𝐺 = 𝑘ℎ𝑓 2 , G =12 D. 𝐺 = 𝑘ℎ𝑓 2 , G = 4
References
Bryant, Merden L., Bulalayao, Leonides E., Callanta, Melvin M., Cruz,
Jerry D., De Vera, Richard F. Garcia, Gilda T., Javier, Sonia E, Lazaro,
Roselle A., Mesterio, Berndette J., & Saladino, Rommel Hero A.
(2014). Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material. Department of Education,
Republic of the Philippines, Vibal Group Publishing Inc. Pasig City
Oronce, Orlando A., & Mendoza, Marilyn O., (2019). RBS Mathematics
Series E – Math: Worktext in Mathematics. Rex Printing Company, Inc.
Quezon City
20

Answer Key
21

Development Team of the Module
Writer: Randolf Byron S. Viray, Teacher I – Parang High School

Validators: Gemo D. Parajas (Principal I,BNHS)
Olive R. Lomibao, Head Teacher III - Sta. Elena High School
Edith B. Cajilig, Head Teacher III - Marikina High School
Alden O. Madragalejo, Teacher I - Sto. Niño National High School
Lilibeth C. Pulido, Teacher I – Marikina Science High School
Michelle M. Villanueva, Teacher I - Marikina Science High School
Elizalde A. Sarmiento, Teacher III – San Roque National High School
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)

External Reviewer: Philippine Normal University
Cover Illustrator & Layout Artist: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph
191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines
Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Mathematics: Quarter 2: Module 2 Joint and Combined Variations

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Mathematics: Quarter 2: Module 2 Joint and Combined Variations

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9 Department of Education

National Capital Region

Writer: Randolf Byron S. Viray

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

For numbers 4 – 7, answer the following questions.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Lesson 1: ILLUSTRATIONS OF JOINT AND COMBINED VARIATIONS

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Use the situation below to answer the questions that follow.

In the recent 2020 Metrobank – MTAP DepEd Mathematics Challenge

Statement B: “y varies directly as x and z and inversely as w”

Is there a difference between the two statements? Justify your answer.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Statement B involves direct and inverse variation at the same time.

Steps in Solving Joint and Combined Variation

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Solve for the following:

Solve for the following:

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 5, and the required

The statement “y varies directly as x and inversely as z” means 𝑦 =

Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 18 and the required

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 16, and the required

3. If y varies jointly as x and z, and inversely as w, and y = 12 when x = 3,

Solve for the following:

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Therefore, the constant of variation is 𝑘 = 16, and the required equation

Suppose y varies jointly

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

2. It is a type of variation in which two or more variables vary directly on each

3. What is the initial step in solving joint and combined variation?

5. Suppose p varies directly as r, and p and varies inversely as t. If t=20

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

1. If y = 12 when x = 6 and z = 4, what is x when y = 36 and z = 72?

B. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, find the constant of variation and

3. If y = 12 when x = 18 and z = 6, find y when x = 20 and z = 4.

Lesson 2: TRANSLATION INTO VARIATION STATEMENTS A

Its Riddle Time!

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

1. How do you translate these variation statements into its variation

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

A. Translate each statement into a mathematical equation. Use k as the

B. Translate each variation equation into its corresponding variation statement.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

What I Have Learned

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Product and Performance:

Standards and Criteria for Success

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

3. Translate this variation statement into its variation equation:

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING JOINT AND COMBINED VARIATIONS.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

80𝑌 = (200)(15) Multiplying Multiplicative Inverse

It will take 37.5 weeks for 80 workers to construct 15 kilometers of highway.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Answer the following questions based on your own understanding.

2. What is the significance of Combined Variation in our daily lives? Justify.