Divine Word College of San Jose Basic Education Department: Mathematics 9 - Module 2

Mathematics 9 – Module 2 1
DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF SAN JOSE
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
I. Module Number: 2
II. Topic: Variation
III. Introduction: This course is all about the concepts of solving different kinds of variation.
In this course, students will be aware and understand the applications of the concepts in the
real-life situations.
IV. Objectives:
At the end of the course, students are expected to:
 Illustrate situations that involve direct, inverse, joint and combined variations;
 translates into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given
by: (a) a table of values; (b) mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice
versa; and,
 solves problems involving variation.

V. Curriculum Information:
Education Type K to 12
Grade Level 9
Learning Area Mathematics
Content/Topic Variation
Lessons 1 – Direct Variation
2 – Inverse Variation
3 – Joint & Combined Variation

Content Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of
variations.
Performance The learner is able to formulate and solve accurately problems
Standard involving variations.

MELCs At the end of the course, students are expected to:
 illustrates situations that involve the following variations:
(a) direct; (b) inverse; (c) joint; (d) combined;
 translates into variation statement a relationship between
two quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b)
mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa; and,
 solves problems involving variation.

Code M9AL – lla-1; M9AL-llb-c-1
V. Pre Test:
Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the
letter that you think best answers the questions. Please answer all items. Take note of the
items that you were able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this
module. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. Which of the following equations is an example of y varies directly with x?
a. y = 5x + 2
5
b. y =
x
c. y = 5x
2. Which of the following graphs could represent y is directly proportional to x?
a. b.
c. Either graph could represent y is directly proportional to x.
3. If y varies directly with x, find the constant of proportionality if y is 3 when x is 12.
a. 4
1
b.
4
c. 36
4. If ( x1, y1) and ( x2, y2) were ordered pairs belonging to the direct variation y varies
directly with x, then which of the following could be a proportion that can be used to
find one of the unknowns when the other three are known?
y2 x2
a. =
x1 y1
y2 y1
b. =
x2 x1
y1 y2
c. =
x2 x1
5. If a varies directly as b and a is 6 when b is 9, find b when a is 8.
a. 12
16
b.
3
27
c.
4
6. If a varies indirectly as b and a is 15 when b is 4, find b when a is 12.
16
a.
5
b. 5
c. 45
7. If ( x1, y1) and ( x2, y2) were ordered pairs belonging to the indirect variation y varies
indirectly with x, then which of the following could be a proportion that can be used to
find one of the unknowns when the other three are known?
y2 x2
a. =
x1 y1
y2 y1
b. =
x2 x1
y1 y2
c. =
x2 x1
8. If y varies inversely with x, find the constant of proportionality if y is 3 when x is 12.
a. 4
1
b.
4
c. 36
9. Which of the following equations is an example of y varies indirectly with x?
a. y = 5x + 2
5
b. y =
x
c. y = 5x
10. y varies directly with x with constant of proportionality of −3. Find x when y is –21.
a. 7
1
b.
7
c. 63
11. Solve each of the following joint variation problems.
a varies jointly with b and c. If when b = 2 and c = 6 when a = 4, find the constant of
proportionality.
1
a.
3
1
b.
4
c. 1
12. Given the values in the above problem, find the value of c when a = 12 and b = 6.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
13. x varies jointly with y and z. If when x = 5 and y = 7 when z = 9, find the value of x
when y = 28 when z = 36.
a. 63
b. 72
c. 80
14. f varies directly with g and inversely with h. If when f = 3 and g = 4 when h = 5, find
the value of the constant of proportionality.
12
a.
5
15
b.
4
20
c.
3
15. Using the relationship from the problem above, if f were 6 and h were 10, what would
be the value of g?
a. 10
b. 16
c. 20
VI. Lesson Proper:
LESSON NO. 1
DIRECT VARIATION
Quantities are related to each other in some ways. Some quantities are
constants and others are variables. This module will describe these related
quantities. Two quantities are related if a change in the value of one corresponds
to a predictable change in the value of the other. The direct and direct square
variations are the focus of this module. [ CITATION Dep14 \l 1033 ]
Start Lesson 1 of this module by assessing your knowledge of the different
mathematics concepts previously studied and your skills in performing
mathematical operations. These knowledge and skills will help you in
understanding direct variations. As you go through this lesson, think of this
important question: “How are direct variations used in solving real-life problem
and in making decisions?” If you find any difficulty in answering the exercises,
seek the assistance of your teacher. [ CITATION Dep14 \l 1033 ]
A. EXPLORE
Activity 1: How Much Do You Know?
Direction: Which of the following situations show direct variation. Write Y if it is and N if not.
Write your answer before each number.
1. The diameter of a circle is related to its circumference.
2. Water pressure on a submarine depends on the depth.
3. The number of people sharing a pizza is related to the size of the slices of the
pizza.
4. The area of the wall is related to the amount of paint used to cover it.
5. The area of the face of a cube is related to its volume.
6. The time a teacher spends checking papers is related to the number of students.
7. The cost of life insurance depends on the age of the insured person.
8. The age of a used car is related to its resale value.
9. The amount of money raised for a fundraiser is related to the number of tickets
sold.
10. The distance an airplane fly depends on its time of travel.
B. FIRM UP
Direct Variation
Direct variation describes a simple relationship between two variables. We say y varies
directly with x (or as x, in some textbooks) if:
y=kx
for some constant k, called the constant of variation or constant of proportionality.
(Some textbooks describe direct variation by saying "y varies directly as x", "y varies
proportionally as x", or "y is directly proportional to x.")
This means that as x increases, y increases and as x decreases, y decreases—and that the
ratio between them always stays the same.
The graph of the direct variation equation is a straight line through the origin.
Direct variation equation for 3 different values of k

Here are the steps required for Solving Direct Variation Problems:
Step 1: Write the correct equation. Direct variation problems are solved using the equation y
= kx. When dealing with word problems, you should consider using variables other
than x and y, you should use variables that are relevant to the problem being solved.
Also read the problem carefully to determine if there are any other changes in the
direct variation equation, such as squares, cubes, or square roots.
Step 2: Use the information given in the problem to find the value of k, called the constant of
variation or the constant of proportionality.
Step 3: Rewrite the equation from step 1 substituting in the value of k found in step 2.
Step 4: Use the equation found in step 3 and the remaining information given in the problem
to answer the question asked. When solving word problems, remember to include
units in your final answer. [ CITATION 20ht1 \l 1033 ]
For further discussion of the lesson, please read and study pages 203 to 209 of your
textbook. You may answer the Try It activities to self-monitor your understanding.
For additional resources, you may open the following links.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGqmAmzUODM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSadG6EtJmY
 https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/direct/direct.ht
ml
 https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/direct-variation.html
 https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-home/alg-rational-expr-eq-
func/alg-direct-and-inverse-variation/v/direct-variation-1?
playlist=Algebra+I+Worked+Examples&utm_account=Grant&utm_campaign
name=Grant_Math_Dynamic&gclid=CjwKCAjwmrn5BRB2EiwAZgL9okjwLM
Efe6_hRR-60c4773hLxKkvJ_Nxu8N5eJXjV5WOLYp--
nNulRoCv1UQAvD_BwE
C. DEEPEN
Activity 2: What’s My Equation?
Direction: Find an equation where y varies directly as x.
1. y = 28 when x = 7
2. y = 30 when x = 8
3. y = 0.7 when x = 0.4
4. y = 0.8 when x = 0.5
5. y = 400 when x = 125
Write your answer on the box. Provide an extra sheet if necessary.

Activity 3: Solve Me!
Direction: Solve for each of the following. Use any method. y varies directly as x. Find the
values as indicated.
1. If y = 12 when x = 4, find y when x = 12
2. If y = -81 when x = 9, find y when x = 7
3. If when , find when
4. If y = 3 when x = 10, find x when y = 1.2
5. If y = 2.5 when x = 7.25, find y when x = 4.75
D. MINI-TRANSFER
Activity 4: Where in the Real World?
Direction: Solve for the following situations that involves the application of direct variation in
real-life.
1. The electric current I (in amperes) of an electric circuit varies directly as the voltage
V. When 24 V is applied, the current is 8 amperes. Find the current when 12 V is
applied.
2. The weight W of an object on Mars is directly proportional to its weight B on Earth. A
man who weighs 118.75 kg on Earth weighs 47.5 kg in Mars. Find the weight of a
man on Mars if he weighs 98 kg on Earth.
Write your solutions and answers on the box. Provide an extra sheet if necessary.
Skills Checklist
I can . . .
o illustrates situations that involve direct variations;
o translates into direct variation statement a relationship between two

LESSON NO. 2
INVERSE VARIATION
Lesson 2 deals with the relation of two quantities where one value increases as
the other value decreases and vice versa. Inverse variation concepts can also be
used to solve problems in other fields of mathematics. These knowledge and
skills will help you in understanding inverse variation. As you go through this
lesson, think of this important question: “How is inverse variation used in solving
real-life problem and in making decisions?” To find the answer, perform each
activity. If you find any difficulty in answering the exercises, seek the assistance
of your teacher.[ CITATION Dep14 \l 1033 ]
A. EXPLORE
Activity 1: Inverse or Not
Direction: Determine if the following situations show inverse variation or not.
__________1. The number of hours to finish a job to the number of men
working.
__________2. The intensity of light from a bulb to the square of the distance
from the bulb.
__________3. Air pressure to its altitude.
__________4. Family expenses as to the number of children.
__________5. The area of quadrilateral to the length of its side.
B. FIRM UP
Inverse Variation
If two variables x and y are so related that their product is a non-zero constant, that
k
y
x or k  xy , then y is said to vary inversely as x , or y is inversely proportional to x as
x1 y2

x2 y1 x1 y1  x2 y2
or
As for direct variation, y may vary inversely with the nth power of x , provided that
n  0 . The general equation for an inverse variation or inverse proportion is

k
y
xn
Here are the steps required for Solving Inverse Variation Problems:
Step 1: Write the correct equation. Inverse variation problems are solved using the equation
Inverse. When dealing with word problems, you should consider using variables
other than x and y, you should use variables that are relevant to the problem being
solved. Also read the problem carefully to determine if there are any other changes
in the inverse variation equation, such as squares, cubes, or square roots.
units in your final answer. Taken from [ CITATION htt1 \l 1033 ]
For further discussion of the lesson, please read and study pages 215 to 220 of your
textbook. You may answer the Try It activities to self-monitor your understanding.
 https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/inverse/invers
e.html

https://www.sparknotes.com/math/algebra1/variation/section2/
 https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/inverse-variation
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCeZd31jby8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkP-E2LUnjA&t=21s
C. DEEPEN
Activity 2: Find the Value!
To answer this activity, please refer to page 223 of your textbook. Answer Practice and
Application III numbers 28 to 30.
D. MINI-TRANSFER

Application IV numbers 31 to 35.
Write your process and answer on the box. Provide an extra sheet if necessary.
Skills Checklist
I can . . .
o illustrates situations that involve inverse variations;
quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b) mathematical equation; (c) a
graph, and vice versa; and,
o solves problems involving inverse variation.

LESSON NO. 3
JOINT & COMBINED VARIATION
Lesson 3 deals with the variation of more than two variables. Both direct and
inverse variations may occur in the same problem. Joint variations are quantities
that are directly related. But when joint variation is combined with inverse
variation, then it is called combined variations. As you go through this lesson,
think of this important question: “How are joint and combined variations used in
solving real-life problem and in making decisions?” To find the answer, perform
each activity. If you find any difficulty in answering the exercises, seek the
assistance of your teacher.[ CITATION Dep14 \l 1033 ]
A. EXPLORE
Activity 1: What’s My Equation?
Direction: Using k as the constant of variation, write the equation of variation for each of the
following:
__________________1. The area (A) of a parallelogram varies jointly as its base (b)
and its altitude (a).
__________________2. The volume (V) of a pyramid varies jointly as its base area (b)
and its altitude (a).
__________________3. The area of the circle varies directly as the square of its radius.
__________________4. U varies jointly as the square of m and inversely as n.
__________________5. V varies jointly with l, w and h.
__________________6. The volume (V) of a cube varies directly as the cube of its
edge (e).
__________________7. The force (F) needed to push an object along a flat surface
varies directly as the weight (w) of the object.
__________________8. The altitude (h) of a cylinder is inversely proportional to the
square of its radius (r).
__________________9. M varies directly as r and inversely as s.
__________________10.Q varies jointly as R and T.
B. FIRM UP
Joint Variation
Joint variation describes a situation where one variable depends on two (or more)
other variables, and varies directly as each of them when the others are held constant. We
say z varies jointly as x and y if
z=kxy
for some constant k. Taken from [ CITATION htt3 \l 1033 ]
Here are the steps required for Solving Joint Variation Problems:
Step 1: Write the correct equation. Joint variation problems are solved using the equation y =
kxz. When dealing with word problems, you should consider using variables other
than x, y, and z, you should use variables that are relevant to the problem being
solved. Also read the problem carefully to determine if there are any other changes
in the joint variation equation, such as squares, cubes, or square roots.

Example:
If z is jointly proportional to x and y and z = 6, when x = 3 and y = 4, find z when x = 7 and y
= 4.
Find k:
6 = 3 (4) k
k = 12
Then, find z when x = 7 and y = 2.
1
z= (7)(2)
2
z=7
 http://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/joint/joint.html
 https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/joint-variation-algebra.html
 https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/suppose-z-varies-jointly-x-y-find-
constant-variation-equatio-chapter-7.7-problem-35es-solution-
9780077491390-exc
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SXN3gdF3CM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=877DiXzoTuk
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdEudOOuU6I
Combined Variation
Combined variation describes a situation where a variable depends on two (or more) other
variables, and varies directly with some of them and varies inversely with others (when the
rest of the variables are held constant). For example, if z varies directly as x and inversely
as y, we have the following combined variation equation:
x
z=k( )
y
Here are the steps required for Solving Combined Variation Problems:
Step 1: Write the correct equation. Combined variation problems are solved using a
combination of direct variation (y = kx), inverse variation Inverse, and joint variation
(y = kxz) equations. When dealing with word problems, you should consider using
variables other than x, y, and z, you should use variables that are relevant to the
problem being solved. Also read the problem carefully to determine if there are any
other changes in the combined variation equation, such as squares, cubes, or
square roots.

Example:
If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x = 10 when y = 5 and z = 3, for what value of
z will x = 3 and y = 4?
y
x=k⋅
z
5
10 = k ⋅
3
k=6
To find z, when x = 3 and y = 4
4
3=6⋅
z
3z = 24
z=8
 http://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/combined/com
bined.html
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AVVxJkBJTU
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpsS0jyZCgA
 https://youtu.be/FjgyIj188uI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdEudOOuU6I
C. DEEPEN
Activity 2: Translate Me!
Application II numbers 17 to 21.
D. MINI TRANSFER
Application V numbers 46 and 49.

Skills Checklist
I can . . .
o illustrates situations that involve the joint and combined variations;
quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b) mathematical equation; (c) a
graph, and vice versa; and,
o solves problems involving joint and combined variations.

VII. Self-check test/ Reinforcement Activity
REFLECTION
Direction: Give your thoughts about the differences of variations. Write your
statement below.
1. Direct Variation
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
2. Inverse Variation
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
3. Joint and Combined Variation
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”
- Aristotle
VIII. Evaluation
The evaluation for this module will be given simultaneously using LMS.
Schedule will be posted by your subject teacher.

IX. Reference
Bibliography
(n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from
https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/direct/direct.html
(n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/inverse/inverse.html
http://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/joint/joint.html
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/joint-
variation
http://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/combined/combined.ht
ml
DepEd Learner's Material. (2014). Deparment of Education.
Websites for Learning Activities
1. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/algebra/algebra-
i/functions-and-variations/quiz-variations
2. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/algebra/algebra-
ii/rational-expressions/quiz-proportion-direct-variation-inverse-variation-joint-variation
3. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/direct-variation
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/inverse-variation
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/combined-variation
Images
1. https://www.chilimath.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ykx.gif
2. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcQeznJ1nu0hCpEXAPqbQoL01GhidMjmQjiaIg&usqp=CAU
3. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcRdhrd1gm9C_PqgIX2PJJEa4b71axK4HvJrtg&usqp=CAU
4. https://www.chilimath.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/invar-eq.png
5. https://www.varsitytutors.com/assets/vt-hotmath-legacy/hotmath_help/topics/inverse-
variation/inverse-variation1.gif
6. https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/image-files/joint-variation.png
7. https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rectangular-coordinate-system-graphs-
1213235773414932-8/95/rectangular-coordinate-system-graphs-56-728.jpg%3Fcb
%3D1213210662
8. https://media.cheggcdn.com/study/226/22674112-3c4d-4aa2-8db2-
8753bc00a450/537953-7.7-35IES1.png
Youtube Links
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGqmAmzUODM
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSadG6EtJmY
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCeZd31jby8
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkP-E2LUnjA&t=21s
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SXN3gdF3CM
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=877DiXzoTuk
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdEudOOuU6I
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AVVxJkBJTU
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpsS0jyZCgA
10. https://youtu.be/FjgyIj188uI
11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdEudOOuU6I

Divine Word College of San Jose Basic Education Department: Mathematics 9 - Module 2

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Mathematics 9 – Module 2 1

DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF SAN JOSE

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

II. Topic: Variation

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

 translates into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given

 solves problems involving variation.

3 – Joint & Combined Variation

Standard involving variations.

 illustrates situations that involve the following variations:

(a) direct; (b) inverse; (c) joint; (d) combined;

 translates into variation statement a relationship between

two quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b)

mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa; and,

 solves problems involving variation.

module. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Which of the following equations is an example of y varies directly with x?

2. Which of the following graphs could represent y is directly proportional to x?

c. Either graph could represent y is directly proportional to x.

3. If y varies directly with x, find the constant of proportionality if y is 3 when x is 12.

5. If a varies directly as b and a is 6 when b is 9, find b when a is 8.

6. If a varies indirectly as b and a is 15 when b is 4, find b when a is 12.

8. If y varies inversely with x, find the constant of proportionality if y is 3 when x is 12.

9. Which of the following equations is an example of y varies indirectly with x?

11. Solve each of the following joint variation problems.

when y = 28 when z = 36.

the value of the constant of proportionality.

VI. Lesson Proper:

variations are the focus of this module. [ CITATION Dep14 \l 1033 ]

Start Lesson 1 of this module by assessing your knowledge of the different

mathematics concepts previously studied and your skills in performing

mathematical operations. These knowledge and skills will help you in

understanding direct variations. As you go through this lesson, think of this

seek the assistance of your teacher. [ CITATION Dep14 \l 1033 ]

Activity 1: How Much Do You Know?

Write your answer before each number.

1. The diameter of a circle is related to its circumference.

2. Water pressure on a submarine depends on the depth.

5. The area of the face of a cube is related to its volume.

8. The age of a used car is related to its resale value.

10. The distance an airplane fly depends on its time of travel.

directly with x (or as x, in some textbooks) if:

for some constant k, called the constant of variation or constant of proportionality.

proportionally as x", or "y is directly proportional to x.")

ratio between them always stays the same.

Direct variation equation for 3 different values of k

direct variation equation, such as squares, cubes, or square roots.

variation or the constant of proportionality.

units in your final answer. [ CITATION 20ht1 \l 1033 ]

For additional resources, you may open the following links.

Activity 2: What’s My Equation?

Direction: Find an equation where y varies directly as x.

3. y = 0.7 when x = 0.4

4. y = 0.8 when x = 0.5

5. y = 400 when x = 125

Write your answer on the box. Provide an extra sheet if necessary.

Activity 3: Solve Me!

1. If y = 12 when x = 4, find y when x = 12

2. If y = -81 when x = 9, find y when x = 7

3. If when , find when

4. If y = 3 when x = 10, find x when y = 1.2

5. If y = 2.5 when x = 7.25, find y when x = 4.75

Write your answer on the box. Provide an extra sheet if necessary.