G5 pr2 Research Paper

STI COLLEGE CALAMBA
STI Academic Center, Barangay Uno, National Highway,

Calamba City, 4027 Laguna
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
COOKING LELANG: THE INSIGHT OF SELECTED CULINARY ARTS STUDENTS

TOWARD A 2D PIXEL COOKING GAME
A Research Proposal
Presented to the Senior High School Department
STI College Calamba, Barangay Uno, National Highway
City of Calamba
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Practical Research 2
(Grade 12)
The Researchers
Boganotan, Kyla Y.
Elnar, Michelle Alleya A.
Exconde, Rhod Gio U.
Gaveria, Harley Daniel F.
Rosales, Jherro C.
Torres, Marielle Joy A.
Yulo, Micah Ezel M.
Research Adviser
Ms. Ma. Cinderella S. Talagtag
2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................4
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY............................................................................................5
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM...........................................................................................7
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK................................................................................................8
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK...............................................................................................9
HYPOTHESIS...........................................................................................................................10
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY...........................................................................................11
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS...................................................................................................12
DEFINITION OF TERMS.........................................................................................................13
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.................................................................................14
FOREIGN LITERATURE.....................................................................................................14
LOCAL LITERATURE.........................................................................................................30
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES.........................................................................................53
FOREIGN STUDIES.............................................................................................................53
LOCAL STUDIES.................................................................................................................64
SYNTHESIS..............................................................................................................................69
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN...............................................................................................................71
POPULATION AND SAMPLING...........................................................................................72
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT.....................................................................................73
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE.......................................................................................74
STATISTICAL TREATMENT.................................................................................................75
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APPENDICES:
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS........................................................................................78
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE....................................................................................................79
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................82
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter covers the introduction and background of the study, the problem
statements, the study’s target audience, the scope of the study, and the definition of used
terminologies.
INTRODUCTION
Cooking Lelang is a cooking game where you play as Lelang, a single mother of five
children who also runs their family-owned carinderia. This game is for players to hone their
multi-tasking skills and to experience a virtual simulation of running a carinderia. Time
management also comes into play because you will be cooking, serving orders, and taking care
of your five children at the same time.
The storyline of Cooking Lelang goes as follows. Lelang is the one who manages their
family-owned carinderia. Every day, she cooks food to sell while Tatang, her father, takes care
of his five grandchildren. Lelang and Tatang lived a good life because of their small business
which provided financial support every day. However, one day, Tatang fell seriously ill and
could no longer take care of his five grandchildren. And because they do not have enough money
to buy Tatang's medicine, Lelang has to continue managing the carinderia. Since Tatang is sick,
she also has to share the responsibility with her five children while she sells food to customers.
Moving on to Cooking Lelang’s gameplay, you need to cook and take care of these five
children at the same time. To cook dishes, you need to get and prepare the ingredients needed for
your cooking. When the completed dish is put on a plate, it can be served directly to the
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customer or at the customer’s table when they choose to dine in. Customers will return their dirty
plates to be washed and used again. You must wash it immediately since there is only a limited
number of plates.
The multi-tasking part comes in when your five children simultaneously spread around
the carinderia as you do the cooking. They could disturb customers or make a mess in the
kitchen. You must pick them up one by one to take them somewhere far and have them behave.
Throughout the game, there will also be three random cards that will appear for every time
interval. Picking a card may give you random effects, each card can either cast a positive effect
or a negative effect on your gameplay. Finally, the main goal of this game is to finish the time
limit where all the children are safe, and your earnings exceed the minimum quota that must be
obtained.
The researchers' intention for this game is for players to experience the work and
responsibility of a mother, and to feel the nostalgia of a carinderia’s ambience. This virtual
immersion is additionally intended to raise people's awareness about the reality of most Filipino
households, particularly their financial situations. The game Cooking Lelang is carefully catered
by the researchers to have the authentic Filipinized experience, along with a unique and
entertaining concept that could catch the target audience’s interests.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Cooking can be defined whether the food is baked, fried, sautéed, boiled, or grilled
(Alfaro, D. 2022). All in all, it is still the product of cooking. Dated way back 1.8-2.3 million
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years ago, humans already started cooking. Since then, cooking has rapidly spread all over the
world. Nowadays, almost everyone knows how to cook, even if it is just a simple way of
cooking. Cooking can reduce your stress level as it gives people a sense of accomplishment
when they finish preparing a meal. It also allows people to take a break from their hectic lives
and relax while they cook.
Cooking is a skill that can be learned by anyone, regardless of age or experience level.
Cooking is a fun activity as it allows you to be more creative (Akhtar, A. 2023). In every
person’s life, having entertainment also can be considered as one of the main parts. (Bista, S.
Garcia-Ruiz M. 2021) With today’s generation having video games, cooking games are one of
the examples of entertainment media that people can play. It could enable them to learn about
basic uses of ingredients or simply cooking itself.
Cooking games fall under the bracket of simulation games. Simulation is a genre that has
been popular for decades as it has a casual approach. As such, a simulation game is a casual
experience that has elements of a competitive approach that is always optional since not
everyone is keen to partake in the competitive style of games. Thus, cooking simulators provide
the perfect balanced style of gaming where one can take their time to manage and grow their
virtual restaurants while also offering a competitive approach for anyone willing to participate in
a challenge (Dana, Z. 2021).
Adding Filipino culture to a game will add spice to these typical simulation games as it
will enable the player to experience the Filipino ambience. In the Philippines, gaming serves as a
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medium for socializing, entertainment, and even competition (Guevara, R. 2023). On the topic of
Filipino culture, one of our ideas is to incorporate the carinderia into a game. A carinderia is also
known as “turo-turo” as customers point at a specific item in the menu they wish to order, as a
shopkeeper scoops it into a plate and places it on a tray towards the cashier payment
(Negosyanteng Pinoy, 2021). Hence adding such Filipino culture into pixel-based video games,
it makes sense that everyone would feel a special connection.
For many, pixel graphics bring a calming and nostalgic warmth that reminds childhoods
when they have had calmer and much simpler lives. Similar to how food brings food nostalgia, a
powerful emotion that transports you back to the past, connecting you with people and places
you hold dear. Memories of a particular dish, food, or flavor can provoke strong feelings of
comfort and security, often evoking fond early memories of happy times spent with friends and
family (Sherrell, Z. 2022). As researchers, we want to make an exciting and heart-warming
cooking game that involves pixel art, cooking, and Filipino culture. This study is undertaken to
find out the insights of our respondents towards a game such as this.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
One of the goals of this study is to determine the perception of Senior High School
Students of STI College Calamba towards Cooking Lelang, a 2D pixel cooking game. The
findings of this research are expected to answer the following statements:
1. What is the necessary information of the respondents in terms of the following attributes?
1.1 Age
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1.2 Section
2. What is the mean perception of the respondents to the following factors?
1.1 Gameplay
1.2 Graphics
1.3 Sound Design
1.4 User Interface
1.5 Game Story
3. What is the mean perception of the respondents towards Cooking Lelang, a 2D pixel
cooking game?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the factors and perception towards Cooking
Lelang, a 2D pixel cooking game?
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The main concept of this research is to determine the factors that may or may not affect
the study entitled: “Cooking Lelang: The Insight of Senior High School Students Towards A 2D
Pixel Cooking Game.”

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Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm
The Research Paradigm above demonstrates the general conceptual framework for this
study. As shown in the paradigm, the Independent Variable box consists of the factors affecting
the study such as Gameplay, Graphics, Audio, User Interface, and Story of the respective game.
As for the Dependent Variable box, it covers the research data gathered by the researchers which
are the overall potential answers and perception of the respondents to the questions required for
evaluation as the study concludes.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The research study, “Cooking Lelang: The Insight of Selected Senior High School
Students Towards a 2D Pixel Cooking Game,” involves the players’ behavior towards playing
the game Cooking Lelang, in which this is connected to a theory that binds the central aspect of
the study. In accordance to the selected theory, the main assumption for this study is that the
objectives found within the game act as a stimulus for the engagement of players. It is firmly
presumed that their time management and multi-tasking skills will be triggered and applied
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throughout the gameplay, which in turn would test their abilities. This is then reflected on their
overall performance in the game. Moreover, incorporating such challenges into the gameplay
creates thrill, thus developing a sense of fun alongside the experience.
Figure 1.2 Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Flowchart Model
Self-Determination Theory. The SDT or Self-Determination Theory was founded by professors
Edward Deci, PhD and Richard Ryan, PhD (ScienceDirect, 2015). It is a theory that looks into
the connection of human abilities and personalities to motivation. As shown in Figure 1.2, the
theory involves three basic psychological needs, namely Autonomy, Competence, and
Relatedness. The theory states that the state of motivation in individuals depend whether these
three psychological needs are met, essentially affecting their productivity. And thus, for this
study, players are tested in terms of these psychological needs that will reflect their perception
towards the game Cooking Lelang.

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HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant relationship between the factors and the perception of the students
towards Cooking Lelang, a 2D pixel cooking game.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to provide information regarding the effectiveness of
developing a localized cooking game both for educational and entertainment purposes. The
researchers intend that the study’s results would benefit the following individuals:
Culinary Students. The findings of this study, along with the game application itself, would
provide knowledge and utmost convenience to the senior high school students under the Culinary
Arts strand. This could teach them time management, multi-tasking, and essentially immersing
them into a virtual carinderia business experience.
Students. The game application could provide knowledge and entertainment to students from
junior high school to college. They could develop time management and multi-tasking skills
which will be helpful for them especially in their academics.
Teachers. The results of this study may encourage the teachers to consider games to make their
teaching processes more entertaining. Additionally, they can play the game themselves for their
own reasons as well.
Parents. The findings can help the parents become aware of the educational benefit. They may
as well enjoy the game because they are the ones who are represented in the concept.
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Community. The game application along with the study can benefit the gaming community in
the Philippines due to its contribution towards the growth of local video games. Members of the
community will likely be encouraged to look more into games made by fellow Filipinos.
Game Developers and Companies. The results of this study can provide knowledge to fellow
developers and game companies that can be obtained from the components of the game. They
can also apply this knowledge from the research findings to their future games.
Future Researchers. The results of this study can help future researchers learn about the
effectiveness of localized games to people. Furthermore, they may expand the concept and
encourage fellow researchers to extend the knowledge of Filipino video games.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This study's exclusive focus centers on STI College Calamba, with a comprehensive
exploration of various components. The suggested game application is designed to exemplify the
structure of modern gameplay in our generation, with a specific emphasis on involving future
generations in crafting high-quality and genuinely enjoyable 2D graphics-based gameplay.
Beyond this, our research believes that this information can serve as a source of inspiration and
motivation, particularly to culinary students, encouraging them to pursue their future aspirations
with renewed vigor.
Beneath the campus of STI College Calamba, our research is uniquely tailored to meet
the needs of the senior high school department. We are dedicated to addressing their specific
educational requirements. Furthermore, our study delves deeper into the academic challenges
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faced by senior high school students at STI College Calamba, aiming to provide tailored
solutions for their educational journey, ensuring a supportive and enriching academic experience.
As our game application is centered around cooking, our primary target audience for this
study is the students enrolled in the Culinary Arts strand. We aim to create an engaging and
educational gaming experience that complements their culinary studies, providing them with
practical skills and insights in a virtual environment. By catering to this specific audience, we
hope to enhance their learning journey and offer a unique avenue for culinary skill development.
Additionally, we anticipate that this approach will foster a deeper appreciation for the culinary
arts among these students.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the readers’ aid and clarification, the technical terms found in this study are defined below:
Cooking Lelang. The name of a 2D cooking game with pixel art graphics, having a gameplay
concept about running a carinderia while taking care of five kids.
Graphics. The visual aspects of a game such as images, animations, and visual effects.
User Interface. One of the visual aspects of a game that consists of elements such as buttons,
text, and panels.
Gameplay. The looping flow of how a game is played.
Simulation. A game genre that aims to replicate a real-life experience; a process of creating a
non-realistic experience to immerse a user or player close to reality.

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Pixel-based. Means utilizing pixel art graphics.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter tackles the compilation of articles and research papers that the researchers
have carefully analyzed to be considered as connected concepts to this study. Studies regarding
cooking, pixel art, games, and Filipino culture will be found throughout this chapter.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
FOREIGN LITERATURE
GAMEPLAY
According to Rodriguez (2022), game mechanics often determine the success or failure
of a video game. At times, a game's appeal hinges entirely on its mechanics, captivating players
and keeping them engaged on-screen. Since the inception of video games, what were once novel
and refreshing game mechanics have become commonplace in many games. Newcomers and
seasoned players alike enjoy experiencing these mechanics as they gain popularity, whether in
online or offline gaming. Sometimes, players are given explanations of the game mechanics
before diving into gameplay to ensure they understand the core concepts.
Further stated by Rodriguez (2022), games often require well-defined mechanics to
convey the intended gameplay. Gaming applications provide an effective outlet for relieving
stress, enabling players to interact with others and make friends online. The COVID-19
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pandemic heightened the significance of online gaming as people were confined to their homes,
seeking virtual connections. This increased focus on online gaming led to the development of
games with improved graphics, enhancing player enjoyment and raising expectations for future
releases. This transformation in the gaming industry reflects its ongoing pursuit of innovation
and the integration of successful ideas into mainstream gaming. As technology advances and
game designers refine their skills, these once-innovative mechanics have evolved into essential
building blocks of contemporary gaming experiences.
According to Liu, et al, (2019). The gaming industry has witnessed significant growth
over the past decade, primarily driven by technological advancements and the widespread
availability of gaming platforms on s mart devices. As a result, modern game applications now
boast impressive graphics and seamless video editing transitions, which has piqued the interest of
a larger audience in video games, both online and offline. This surge in technology adoption has
made online gaming particularly captivating in today's digital landscape.
Consequently, the gaming industry has become fiercely competitive, with numerous
game studios clashing to expand their market share and cater to diverse player preferences. They
also aim to assist newcomers in honing their gaming skills, contributing to the industry's overall
growth, and enriching the gaming experience. The most valuable attributes of an original game
may not be immediately apparent during the initial development phase. Instead, they tend to
reveal themselves as developers and testers continuously playtest the game. These hidden gems
can often be found in the nooks and crannies of the game, where they exemplify the very essence
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of the game's development. These crucial features become evident in parts of the game that
developers and testers comprehend as they continue to explore and refine their creation.
According to Bankov (2019), the video game industry has experienced tremendous
growth over the last three decades, with a major driving force being the social interaction among
gamers, both offline and online. This growth and expansion can be attributed to the strong
connection between video games and their increasing popularity worldwide. As it continues to
grow, more people are encouraged to participate. In the past decade, game developers have been
inspired to create more visually appealing games. As a result, the number of players engaging in
both online and offline games is on the rise. Additionally, these decades have witnessed a shift
from solitary gaming experiences to highly social and interconnected ones. Online multiplayer
games, social media integration, and the rise of esports are indicative of this shift towards a more
communal gaming landscape. Communication tools such as voice chat, in-game messaging, and
streaming platforms have revolutionized how players interact. Friendships are forged in virtual
worlds, turning gaming into a form of socialization. Furthermore, the emergence of live
streaming games on platforms like Twitch has given rise to a new generation of gaming
influencers, further emphasizing the communal nature of contemporary gaming. The video game
industry has seen remarkable growth due to social interaction and evolving trends, making it a
vibrant and interconnected community. Offline and online gaming experiences continue to bond
people, shaping memorable moments with friends and family. This transformation underscores
the evolving nature of human connection, thanks to technology and digital culture.
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According to Saleem, et al (2021), gamification can contribute a lot to students' learning
because they can learn something from the games they play and of course they will learn to
socialize with other people through online games. in addition to this, there are games that will be
used to learn, here are the games about education and crossword patterns, through this they will
sharpen their thinking and use their thoughts to create combined words. In addition to this, the
impact of users on society is guaranteed to be many and there is a lot to learn from it in society,
just like encouraging children to participate in a game and joining online games that will
participate with its help, many will learn and listen to an impressive performance in a society. in
addition to this in our time where there is a lot of modern technology in the world, students are
more focused on it and especially when we came to the time of pandemic, students and young
people are more focused on the online games and offline especially in school an online class is
mainly used so that teachers can meet the students they will teach and deliver information to the
students so they can learn.
Furthermore, because of its great benefit to society, it has expanded more slowly and has
had a profound influence on students, but it has become an effective way for children to focus
and persevere more. because of this process and society, the technology has been strengthened
and strengthened and it has advanced more and the graphics in the games have been improved so
that the players and students can enjoy and love it more with the help of this the game becomes
easier and the players' progress. but this has a bad effect on the students because they will give
more time to the games as if they are giving more focus to the good things than what they are
doing so they are addicted or in other words they are confused and no longer in terms of thinking
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but to be honest the contribution of games in today's era is great because of the lessons it brings
to the players and the good features of the game so it is played more.
Moreover, gamification enhances user engagement. It makes learning fun and interactive,
catering to various learning styles and preferences. As a result, students become more invested in
their education, which, in turn, leads to better retention and understanding of the subject matter.
Beyond individual benefits, gamification can also have social impacts. It fosters collaboration
and teamwork among students, as they often work together to overcome challenges or achieve
common goals. This enhances their social skills and promotes a sense of community in the
classroom. By incorporating elements like points, rewards, and competition, learners become
more engaged and enthusiastic about their studies. This intrinsic motivation often leads to
improved performance and a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
According to Choi, et al (2020), unlike the prevailing emphasis on the negative impact of
video games, such as impulsive engagement, cognitive training studies with individuals facing
cognitive deficits have revealed the potential benefits of utilizing video game elements for
cognitive improvement. Video games are a form of graphic art that people can enjoy and engage
in. This form of interactive media can be particularly valuable for individuals with disabilities, as
it offers enjoyment while also enhancing cognitive abilities. Furthermore, many people with
disabilities have found that they can enhance their learning and critical thinking skills through
video games. This presents a valuable opportunity for cognitive development.
In addition, given the concerns about the potential negative effects of video games,
especially in terms of impulsive engagement and addiction, recent research on cognitive training
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offers a more balanced perspective. Studies conducted with individuals facing cognitive deficits
have highlighted the potential of certain elements inherent in video games to effectively boost
cognitive functions. These studies have explored various aspects of video game design,
identifying attributes like goal setting, rewards, and interactive gameplay as instrumental in
promoting cognitive development.
Moreover, these findings challenge the conventional belief that all aspects of video
games have detrimental effects. They promote a more comprehensive understanding of how
interactive digital media can be leveraged to benefit individuals with cognitive deficits,
potentially paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions and cognitive enhancement
programs. This change in perspective opens the door to tailored video game interventions, virtual
reality therapies, and personalized cognitive training regimens, all harnessing the engaging and
motivational elements of gaming to address cognitive challenges in a more effective and
enjoyable manner.
According to Chen, et al. (2020), a video game's narrative plays a significant role because
it makes the player feel more connected and interested in the experience. Among diverse types of
computer games, adventure games have received much attention due to their rich content and
immersive learning environments. However, some researchers have indicated that, because of the
characters' fast-talking speed and the inclusion of many new vocabulary words, more lexical
support should be provided in these games. The benefits of having a storyline in video games
include giving players a clear idea of the game's content and purpose. It helps players understand
what they need to do, and it can also assist young players in gaining knowledge of English as
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they interact with the game. Furthermore, having a clear objective for the game allows players to
focus more on the game system. Presenting the main goal of the game is crucial for players, as it
helps them better understand the game's progression. This is particularly beneficial for
inexperienced players, including the next generation, as it familiarizes them with the game
system's operation and how it aligns with the game's promises. These benefits enhance players'
perspectives on the video game and contribute to their enjoyment. Providing a video game with a
storyline further ensures that players fully engage with the game and its narrative. In addition to
the knowledge players gain, they can improve their English skills and develop a deeper
understanding of the morals and thoughts of the new generations who will play and follow the
video game.
GRAPHICS
As stated in an article by Udjaja (2020), the term "8-bit" has often been loosely applied to
games from the 8-bit era, as well as those from the 16-bit and 32-bit eras. It fundamentally
relates to how computers store information, where each bit represents either a 0 or a 1, allowing
for a total of 2 possible information states. In the context of older consoles, an 8-bit architecture
enabled up to 256 distinct information types, encompassing a range of 256 predefined colors and
sounds. Games like The Legend of Zelda and Contra brilliantly showcased their creative prowess
by working within these constraints. Notably, when comparing screenshots of games like
Megaman 1, Megaman X, and Megaman X4, the most significant disparity lies in the color
palette rather than the retro visual style. The color range is more pivotal than the retro aesthetics,
as it significantly impacts the gaming experience across different console generations. The crux
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of the matter is that the terms 8-bit, 16-bit, and similar designations don't effectively distinguish
games with retro-style graphics or soundtracks. While drawing inspiration from games of those
eras is perfectly acceptable, adhering strictly to the constraints of an 8-bit system can be
regressive for the gaming industry. It would be more appropriate to use the term "retro-styled"
rather than focusing on the specific number of bits in an image. The visual style may be timeless,
but the methods of achieving it are open to modernization and improvement.
An article from Coursera (2023) states that computer graphics technology produces visual
imagery on computer screens and finds application in digital photography, film, television, video
games, and electronic devices. This multifaceted field amalgamates design principles with
computer science to captivate and inform diverse audiences. Notable instances of computer
graphics encompass the innovative use of facial motion capture technologies in the 2009 film
"Avatar," the incorporation of images and icons within mobile applications, and the presentation
of data through charts and graphs in professional contexts. These illustrations of computer
graphics at work are ubiquitous across a range of fields and applications.
According to Burgess (2023), Jack Etienne, co-founder of Cloud9, has been an avid
gamer since his early years, with his gaming journey commencing when his father introduced
him to a Pong system. For decades, video games have served as a source of entertainment and an
escape from the routines of the real world. Among his favorites is Dragon Realms, a multiplayer
real-time virtual world (MUD) game dating back to 1996. The thrill of competing against others
and the camaraderie of group activities have consistently appealed to him.

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Video games made their debut in the late 1940s and early 1950s as specialized
simulations designed for specific computer systems. One notable example is Spacewar!, initially
developed for the PDP-1 mainframe computer at MIT. As MIT students graduated, they carried
the game's source code with them, facilitating its widespread distribution. By the 1970s, game
developers began to recognize the vast potential of video games, realizing they could thrive on
compact, coin-operated machines, ushering in the era of arcade video games.
As stated by Zolotov (2022). the gaming industry, with a substantial $65.49 billion
valuation in the US, has undergone a profound transformation since its inception. It has evolved
from the modest beginnings of Pong in 1972 to the highly intricate 3D and VR games we enjoy
today. Game developers have been steadfast in their pursuit of providing an immersive gaming
experience across all platforms. Early arcade games, such as Space Invaders, and gaming
consoles like the Atari 2600 and the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), introduced basic
visual elements to the gaming world. The 1990s witnessed a significant leap with the Super
Nintendo, which introduced advanced video and graphical capabilities, alongside improved
audio quality and even gave birth to a new music genre. Further advancements in graphics were
driven by gaming platforms like the PlayStation, Nintendo 64, Sega Dreamcast, and
contemporary gaming systems. The PlayStation made its mark with 32-bit graphics and internet
connectivity, while the Nintendo 64 delved deep into 3D graphics. The Sega Dreamcast,
launched in 1998, led the way in revolutionizing online gaming, introducing features that
enabled multiplayer interactions and communication between players. Innovative peripherals,
such as the microphone and video memory unit, further enhanced the user experience. Today,
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modern games feature graphics that approach near photorealism, thanks to technological
breakthroughs, internet connectivity, advanced graphical rendering, in-game purchases, and the
integration of artificial intelligence. The gaming industry continues to be fiercely competitive,
with many games offering cutting-edge graphics and user interfaces that surpass the standards of
previous generations.
According to an article from Mr. Beam Lasers (2023), pixel graphics, also referred to as
bitmaps or raster graphics, serve as the foundation for displaying digital images and
presentations. These graphics are composed of individual pixels meticulously arranged on a grid,
with each pixel assigned a distinct color or color value. The image's quality and storage space
requirements are dictated by the file's dimensions, often known as the picture element. While
pixel graphics excel at delivering intricate representations of digital images, they can encounter
challenges related to scalability and storage demands, driven by the total pixel count.
On the other hand, vector graphics are constructed using mathematical calculations for
defining areas, lines, and polygons. They shine when used for creating expansive banners and
offer the convenience of easy editing and conversion into pixel-based images. Vector graphics
find their niche in showcasing logos and fonts on an XXL scale. However, opting for pixel
graphics with excessively low resolutions in such applications may result in legibility issues with
fonts and undesirable stair-stepping artifacts. Each type, pixel and vector graphics, comes with
its distinct advantages and is best employed based on the specific requirements and optimizations
needed.
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According to Tabari (2022). Video games have a strong connection with the technology
that enables us to immerse ourselves in them. However, the industry’s evolution has increasingly
emphasized graphical complexity as the ultimate measure of quality. This shift has made game
development more challenging and time-consuming, and some players may dismiss an
experience if the graphics don’t meet current standards or appear outdated. It’s important to
recognize that graphics, while significant, are often overemphasized as they serve as the visual
gateway into the video games we enjoy. Technology plays a fundamental role in the gaming
industry since gaming is inherently a technological medium. Hardware companies must
continually adapt to technological advancements to remain competitive and sell newer hardware.
For instance, if a company like Nvidia were to continue offering the same specifications, they
would risk losing customers for many years. Instead, they must innovate and release new
hardware to generate profits and maintain their financial success. Similarly, console
manufacturers must evolve their game engines to keep pace with industry changes, as they
cannot rely solely on exclusive titles in a constantly evolving landscape. As the industry
progresses, the talented engineers working within it can achieve more when better hardware is
available. In summary, the fixation on graphics in video games is a product of the industry’s
ongoing evolution and the demand for improved hardware.
SOUND DESIGN
Sound design is the much-neglected part in comparison to visual art. Its hinds behind the
impactful colors and dazzling motions that are immediately absorbed by the audience. (Gula, D.
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(2023) In his Article, He states the 6 Things Need to know in Sound Design Such as Definition
of Sound Design, which he stated that Sound Design is the blend of aural aesthetics and
techniques to create a sonic environment and experience required by the subject matter.
Involving audio recording, creation, performing, editing, and audio mixing. He said that Sound
design is playing a critical role in various fields and industries. Second, the history of Sound
design, He explained that idea is bonded to the first usage of “Sound Designer” credited to
Walter Much, the first usage of sound designer for Walter Murch signifying the industries'
awareness of the creative effort and aesthetics in the sound editorial.
Third, the role of a sound Designer. He stated that the role of a sound designer can be as
narrow as designing the sound effects, or as broad as how Walter Murch sees it. Fourth, the key
elements in sound design, He mentioned the 6 elements of Sound Design, its Abbreviation and
Layers. Next, The Sound Design Workflow. Here, it said that the entire workflow involves the
gathering of sound by recording, audio editing, and mixing. It is also mentioned the
understanding of Sound Creating, Performing and production Sound Recording, The create
sound design for sequence that involves 3 stages, (1) Layer the Background Sounds, (2)
Assemble the Level Dialogue, (3) Add Sound Effects and Music, The audio Mixing and
delivering is last among the Sound Design Workflow, It enters to produce the final soundtrack
for the Movie or TV. At last, The Sound Design Techniques and Tools, He stated here the Solid
Knowledge in audio manipulation paves the way for artistic sound design. At the end of the
article is the Tips for Sound Design, it contains (5) Tips such as (1) Create Extra layers of
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ambiance, (2) Add weight to On-screen Action, (3) Tell Stories without Extra Dialogues, (4)
Control the Mood and emotion and (5) take Ownership of Quiet Moments.
Sound is one of the most important things in a game. It is also one of the things you can
strategically use to your advantage. And if you don’t focus enough on your game’s sound design
of your game, it won’t become the success it should be. (Studio, J. (2020, July 17) He states here,
that Video games are not purely a visual medium, but an audio-visual one. That means the audio
in a game can become just as important as its visuals. Most games can be enhanced with the use
of the right sound effects. It can also be ruined by bad sound effects.
Juego Studio (2020) enumerates the strategically use sound inside a video game. (1)
Sound Effects, Games are interactive, Besides the Visuals, you’ll also hear the corresponding
sound of these things as well. Often in very high-quality. And this combination of visuals and
audio gives the user a unique feeling of satisfaction. (2) Game play & Ambient Sounds for Total
Immersion, Game play sounds are a crucial element for immersing users into a game. Here he
said that these can include a wide variety of sounds. Such as the chatter of rain as a character
walk through a forest, the background hum of a bustling city, or the loud and sudden noises
inside a warzone. Some games also use these sounds to guide their players. This might sound
which gets louder as the user gets closer. Like a waterfall, the player is supposed to go towards
whose sound players can hear from very far. Lastly, (3) Sound Effects for UI Elements. He
stated that, Sound effects used in UI mostly go unnoticed. If you pay attention to the sounds that
come as you scroll and click your way through the menu, you’ll realize they have a unique sonic
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signature that fits the game’s theme. You’ll see how the sound has been designed carefully to set
the tone of the game, right at the beginning itself.
Though sound plays a very important role in film, it can work in very subtle ways.
Though it sometimes goes unnoticed, sound design is crucial to the audience’s experience and
can play a huge role in determining how the story is developed. (Pavlov, A. (2022) His Article
discussing how sound helps tell your visual stories, the brief explanation of sound design and the
developing an excellent way to elevate the work and make it professional. Here are the answers
of How’s, Such as how can you break your sound design down into background atmosphere and
action sounds, the first step is when it comes to recording audio for video. Pavlov tells us that “a
good way to prepare to edit sound for a production is to read the script. After that, you should
figure out where the scene is set and what some of background sounds might be. Also figure out
what action is happening in the scene. This way you can start pulling in sound effects and
atmospheres that you might need to build the scene.”. Second Building your mix from a
combination of location sounds, foley and automated dialogue replacement, and Audio mixing
software like Adobe Audition or AVID Pro Tools can help you create background and
atmospheric noises.
The article discussed eight (8) subtopics that are in Sound Design Components. First,
Sound design and atmosphere, here he stated that music and dialogue alone are not enough to
construct the world of your film, with (1) subtopic; Background and atmospheric noises are
essential. Second, the sounds of action sound design, here it includes more subtle sounds, such as
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character clothing, items they might be holding or any contact they make with other characters or
objects. With (3) subtopic; Objects are the same; Your audience will notice if action sounds are
missing; Your audience will notice if action sounds are missing. Next is the Sound design in
practice; The combination of elements such as dialogue, sound effects, and atmospheres help to
support the story the filmmaker is telling, acquiring your sounds; some sounds will need to be
recorded from scratch. The various types of sounds are recorded differently. The last four (4) are
Location sounds; a sound op will go around a location and record sounds that will likely be heard
during the scene. Foley sound design and sound effects; Foley adds realism to a scene through
the reproduction of sound effects used in post-production to add realism to a scene. What is ADR
and why do we use it? In cases of unusable dialogue, the actors re-record the audio in an ADR
session. ADR stands for Automated (or Automatic) Dialogue Replacement, which replaces
unsalvageable dialogue from the production tracks. Lastly, editing sound; Many editors prefer to
edit the sound within their editing software of choice, whether it is Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid
Media Composer or something else.
Music is a very powerful tool when it comes to evoking emotion from players, whether
it’s a playful Mario game, atmospheric horror title, or dramatic story moment. (Tyler, D. 2023)
The first thing you will see in the article is What is Video Game Sound Design; Video game
sound design is the art of creating and adding audio elements to a video game it involves creating
entire libraries of custom sound effects to give the game a sense of realism and uniqueness and
sound effects must then be implemented properly to the images that will be seen by the player.
Second is, The Video Game Sound Designer; sound designer is a person who generates and
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manipulates audio elements for the game. Third, The Importance of Video Game Audio; It only
takes a few seconds of playing your favorite game on mute to realize how important sound is
when it comes to creating a captivating experience. Here, he gave The Legend of Zelda as an
example of basic sounds like a gun reloading to iconic jingles like when you solve a puzzle.
Sound effects are there to make the virtual characters, stories, and worlds we are playing come
alive. At the bottom of the article, he includes the Process of Creating Audio for Games, since
every game is developed differently, there’s really no one single process that every sound
designer follows. Either way, the sound designer usually gets started by creating a library of
sound effects that are needed in the game. As audio elements are added to the game’s engine, the
sound designer also tests to make sure they work as intended.
According to Passman, J. (2022) Sound design is the process of recording, editing, and
mixing various sound elements and musical pieces for all types of visual media, including in a
feature film, television, advertisements, video games, and live performances, like theater. For
sound design to work, a sound designer and sound design team must know a variety of sound
techniques and elements and when to use them. Sound design is music, sound effects, or both
that are combined and manipulated to create a sound design element. The sound design element
plays a significant role in the audio production of specific scenes of a movie, TV show, play,
advertisement, or trailer. It stated here that, Sound Design elements have five different sound
design elements. Those elements are important to know, especially what role they play in visual
media, and when to use them. First is, the ambiance is background noise that matches the scene,
Second, Foley Sounds; Foley sounds are added audio elements that make scenes more realistic.
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Third, Audio Effects; Audio effects are sounds that a sound designer creates to represent a
specific action that can’t be naturally heard in real life. Next is, Sound Designer; sound designer
will use a narrator's voice to speak to the audience about what is happening, what the character is
thinking, or how the character is feeling. The narrator can be the main character's voice or
someone entirely different who is unseen. Lastly, Sound Technicians and Designer; Sound
technicians and designers use music to set the movie's tone to let the audience know how to feel
at various scenes of the movie, TV show, or advertisement. He also states here that when a sound
designer and a sound design team are brought in to do the sound design work of a television,
film, or advertising production, their first step is to study the script of the production. Because
this will help them understand the different emotions, tones, and feelings that will come from the
production to determine what music and audio elements will work best. And The directors and
producers may have their own ideas and visions for some of the music and sound effects they
want to have included in the production. By this the sound designer and sound design team need
to meet with the directors and producers to make sure they include important elements in the
music and sound effects of the production that the directors and producers want to have included.
LOCAL LITERATURE
FILIPINO CULTURE
According to Dumaraos (2023), Filipinos are very resilient, they are able to overcome
difficulties in the face of disasters and calamities, they are able to pull themselves up and smile
instead of languish; they frequently talk to each other in excellent Filipino language. Another one
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of the habits of Filipinos is that no matter what test they go through and face they do not give up
because it still makes them strong, and the ability of the Filipino people to rise above their
friends is already called our family. We are told of the problem and lean on it wherever there is a
problem.
Cullinane, Hernandez, Borlaza (2023) states that the diversity and uniformity of
Philippine civilization combine in an unusual way. Although geographically in Southeast Asia,
the nation has a considerable Euro-American influence on its culture. The numerous ethnic
groups that are dispersed throughout the archipelago—sometimes in relative isolation have
continuously attempted to resolve cultural disparities. A sense of political and cultural unity in
the Philippines has emerged as a result of nearly four centuries of Western dominance, which
also introduced Western culture and left an irreversible mark on the country. While the mosques
and Christian churches built by the Muslims and the Spanish provided a spiritual foundation, the
Filipinos' expansion of the American educational system has made it a symbol of cultural
harmony life inside the Philippines usually revolves around the extended family, which include
mother and father, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins and different household. For Catholic
families, godparents—the ones to whom care of youngsters is entrusted have to the mother and
father die or otherwise be incapacitated—also discern prominently inside the kinship network.
contributors of extended families normally acquire for main life occasions consisting of baptisms
and confirmations (for Catholic Filipinos), circumcisions (for Muslim Filipinos), and marriages,
as well as for fundamental spiritual and other country wide vacations. the various spiritual
vacations officially determined in the Philippines are Christmas and Easter, in addition to Eid al-
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Fitr, which marks the cease of the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan. other foremost holidays
encompass New Year’s Day, Labor Day (May 1), and Independence Day (June 12). Whether
festival fare or normal meals, main meals in maximum Filipino societies are built round boiled or
steamed rice or rice noodles. Small quantities of meat, such as hen, pork (in non-Muslim
groups), goat, or fish supplement the rice or noodle middle, alongside an collection of end result
and cooked vegetables. diverse alcoholic drinks are crafted from coconut sap, sugarcane, and
rice. Balut, a parboiled embryonic duck nevertheless within the egg, is a popular street food
inside the Manila place.
Despite the fact that slacks, shirts, skirts, and dresses based totally on ecu designs are
commonplace throughout the Philippines, a few clothes are precise to specific agencies or
regions. The malong, a colorful woven tube of cloth that can be worn in a spread of methods by
means of both women and men, is feature of Muslim groups in Mindanao. inside the city
regions, many guys wear an intricately embroidered blouse, the barong, for casual and formal
occasions. On unique events, city girls may additionally wear the terno, a protracted get dressed
characterised through extensive “butterfly” sleeves that upward push slightly at the shoulders and
make bigger approximately to the elbow. a few of the smaller ethnic corporations have feature
attire for occasions of unique cultural significanc Early Spanish chroniclers testified that the
Filipinos carved the images in their anitos (gods and goddesses) and ancestors in timber. they
also played a ramification of musical devices, including quit-blown flutes, nose flutes, jew’s
harps, gongs, drums, and lutes, among others. numerous seasonal celebrations (e.g., harvest) and
existence rituals (e.g., courtship and marriage) referred to as for sure instrumental tune, songs,
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and dances. as an example, in a number of the Muslim groups of Mindanao and the Sulu
Archipelago, the kulintang ensemble, together with a hard and fast of gongs suspended
horizontally and vertically and an unmarried-headed drum, can nevertheless be heard at festive
events. although the network of practitioners of rural appearing arts has been diminishing, efforts
have been underneath manner to revive as well as recontextualize a number of the indigenous
traditions so that they resonate with a more and more cosmopolitan Philippine society. some of
the local dance traditions have been preserved or reinterpreted by way of current performing
corporations such as Bayanihan installed in the mid-twentieth century, in addition to through the
Ramon Obusan Folkloric organization and Ballet Philippines. A developing range of worldwide
tune artists, along with Joey Ayala, have been developing modern syntheses of indigenous
Philippine traditions which includes kulintang and popular music shape. Many Filipino
musicians have risen to prominence inside the Western classical song way of life, which include
the composer and conductor Antonio J. Molina, the composer Felipe P. de Leon and the opera
singer Jovita Fuentes. The Cultural middle of the Philippines, the people Arts Theater, and the
restored Manila Metropolitan Theatre offer houses for the performing arts, presenting
neighborhood and overseas opera and ballet.
To inspire the development of arts, the government gives awards of popularity and keeps
a countrywide Arts middle which incorporates the Philippine high school for the arts in Los
Baños, south of Manila. Filipino painters have protected Juan Luna, whose agitated works helped
encourage a sense of Filipino nationalism in the past due 19th century; Fernando Amorsolo, who
is regarded for his conventional rural scenes; the muralists Carlos V. Francisco and Vicente
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Manansala; and the modernists Victorio Edades and Arturo Rogerio Luz. among sculptors,
Guillermo Tolentino and Napoleon Abueva are distinguished. Rural artists from mountainous
areas in northern Luzon and craftsmen residing northwest of Manila and in Paete on the Japanese
shore of Laguna de Bay are recognized for timber carvings. Romblon and different nearby
islands are referred to for his or her marble sculptures. outstanding Filipino architects include
Juan F. Nakpil, Otilio Arellano, Fernando Ocampo, Leandro Locsin, Juan Arellano, Carlos
Arguelles, and Tomas Mapua. The outspoken political novels of nationalist chief José Rizal had
been Philippine literary landmarks of the late nineteenth century, and the work of Nick Joaquin
has been many of the maximum particularly acclaimed Philippine literature since the mid-
twentieth century. The numerous cultural backgrounds of the country no longer handiest
animates maximum of Joaquin’s fiction writing, however it's also imperative to his nonfiction
paintings. many of the most celebrated of Joaquin’s works are his play A Portrait of an Artist as
a Filipino (1966) and his biography of assassinated presidential candidate Benigno Aquino, The
Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay on history as three Generations (1983). Spanish changed into the
principal literary medium until the end of the 19th century, earlier than yielding to English after
U.S. career because increasingly more writers have been composing their works in Filipino or
Tagalog. Filipinos have a culture wealthy in nearby and local lore.
Myths and legends address such topics because the foundation of the sector, the primary
man and girl on the planet, why the sky is excessive, why the sea is salty, and why there are
exclusive races. other tales are related to the Spanish conquest. at the island of Mindanao an epic
known as the Darangen (“to relate in track”) depicts the historical and mythological international
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of the Maranao community, at the same time as in northern Luzon the Ilocano epic Biag ni Lam-
ang (“existence of Lam-ang”) recounts the exploits of a conventional folk hero. The Philippines
has produced a handful of the world over acclaimed films, including Himala (1982), which
recounts the adventures of a younger miracle employee; Oro, Plata, Mata (1982), the story of two
noble families on the island of Negros at some point of global war II; and Small Voices (2002),
the story of a trainer in an impoverished rural community who, through music, conjures up her
college students to shed their cynicism. despite its successes, the movie enterprise in the
Philippines has remained small, its growth hindered by means of escalating manufacturing fees,
excessive taxes, uncontrolled piracy of videotapes and CDs, and the popularity of foreign films
over local productions in line with what may be inferred from particularly later bills, the
Filipinos of the 15th century must have engaged typically in transferring cultivation, searching,
and fishing. Sedentary cultivation became the exception.
Simplest in the mountains of northern Luzon, where complicated rice terraces had been
constructed a few 2,000 years in the past, had been livelihood and social business enterprise
connected to a hard and fast territory. The lowland peoples lived in extended kinship groups
referred to as barangays, every below the leadership of a datu, or chieftain. The barangay, which
primarily numbered no quite a number hundred individuals, become generally the most
important solid economic and political unit inside the barangay the status gadget, even though
now not rigid, appears to have consisted of three huge classes: the datu and his circle of relatives
and the nobility, freeholders, and “dependents.” This third category consisted of 3 levels—
sharecroppers, debt peons, and war captives—the ultimate two stages being termed “slaves”
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through Spanish observers. The slave status become inherited but, through manumission and
interclass marriage, seldom extended over extra than generations. The fluidity of the social
gadget become in element the result of a bilateral kinship system in which lineage turned into
reckoned similarly via the male and lady traces. Marriage was apparently stable, though divorce
was socially perfect underneath positive situations. Early Filipinos accompanied diverse local
religions, a aggregate of monotheism and polytheism in which the latter dominated. The
propitiation of spirits required numerous rituals, but there has been no apparent spiritual
hierarchy. In faith, as in social structure and monetary activity, there has been considerable
variant among—and even within—islands. This sample started out to change in the fifteenth
century, however, when Islam become introduced to Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago via
Brunei on the island of Borneo. at the side of modifications in spiritual ideals and practices got
here new political and social institutions. by means of the mid-sixteenth century two sultanates
were mounted, bringing below their sway a number of barangays. A powerful datu as a long way
north as Manila embraced Islam. It became in the midst of this wave of Islamic proselytism that
the Spanish arrived. Had the Spanish come a century later or had their motives been strictly
business, Filipinos these days might be a predominantly Muslim people with the aid of the late
18th century, political and economic changes in Europe have been finally starting to have an
effect on Spain and, accordingly, the Philippines. important as a stimulus to alternate turned into
the slow removal of the monopoly loved via the galleon to Acapulco. The closing galleon arrived
in Manila in 1815, and by using the mid-1830s Manila turned into open to overseas merchants
nearly without restriction.

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The call for Philippine sugar and abaca (hemp) grew apace, and the extent of exports to
Europe improved even further after the final touch of the Suez Canal in 1869. The increase of
industrial agriculture ended in the appearance of a new magnificence. Along the landholdings of
the church and the rice estates of the pre-Spanish the Aristocracy, there arose haciendas of
coffee, hemp, and sugar, often the property of enterprising Chinese language-Filipino mestizos.
A number of the families that won prominence within the nineteenth century have endured to
play a crucial position in Philippine economics and politics not till 1863 become their public
education within the Philippines, or even then the church controlled the curriculum. less than
one-5th of folks that went to high school may want to read and write Spanish, and a way fewer
could talk it properly. The limited higher schooling within the colony changed into totally below
clerical route, but by the 1880s many sons of the wealthy had been dispatched to Europe to
observe. There, nationalism and an ardor for reform blossomed within the liberal environment.
Out of this talented organization of foreign places Filipino students arose what got here to be
called the Propaganda motion. Magazines, newspapers, poetry, and pamphleteering flourished,
maximum extensively the biweekly paper l. a. Solidaridad, which commenced publication in
1889. José Rizal, this motion’s most exquisite parent, produced political novels—Noli Me
Tangere (1887; Contact Me No Longer) and El Filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)—
which had an extensive effect within the Philippines. In 1892 Rizal lower back domestic and
shaped the Liga Filipina, a modest reform-minded society, dependable to Spain, that breathed no
phrase of independence. but Rizal become speedy arrested by way of the overly frightened
Spanish, exiled to a far-flung island within the south, and in the end accomplished in 1896.
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Meanwhile, inside the Philippines there had developed a firm dedication to independence
amongst a rather much less privileged elegance taken aback by using the arrest of Rizal in 1892,
these activists quickly fashioned the Katipunan beneath the leadership of Andres Bonifacio, a
self-educated warehouseman. The Katipunan changed into committed to the expulsion of the
Spanish from the islands, and arrangements had been made for armed revolt. Filipino rebels have
been numerous within the history of Spanish rule, but now for the primary time they have been
inspired through nationalist targets and possessed the schooling needed to make success a actual
opportunity consistent with what may be inferred from really later accounts, the Filipinos of the
fifteenth century need to have engaged more often than not in moving cultivation, searching, and
fishing. Sedentary cultivation become the exception. most effective in the mountains of northern
Luzon, where intricate rice terraces had been built a few 2,000 years ago, have been livelihood
and social company connected to a hard and fast territory. The lowland peoples lived in extended
kinship companies referred to as barangays, each below the leadership of a datu, or chieftain.
The barangay, which broadly speaking numbered no more than a few hundred individuals,
became usually the biggest stable economic and political unit. In the barangay the repute gadget,
although not inflexible, appears to have consisted of 3 wide instructions: the datu and his family
and the nobility, freeholders, and “dependents.” This third category consisted of three degrees—
sharecroppers, debt peons, and warfare captives—the remaining stages being termed “slaves” by
way of Spanish observers. The slave fame turned into inherited however, via manumission and
interclass marriage, seldom extended over more than two generations. The fluidity of the social
STI COLLEGE CALAMBA
device became in component the effect of a bilateral kinship system wherein lineage became
reckoned equally through the male and female traces.
Marriage changed into seemingly strong, even though divorce became socially proper
beneath positive occasions. Early Filipinos followed various nearby religions, a combination of
monotheism and polytheism wherein the latter dominated. The propitiation of spirits required
numerous rituals, but there was no apparent spiritual hierarchy. In faith, as in social structure and
monetary activity, there was extensive variation among and even inside islands. This pattern
commenced to exchange in the 15th century, but, while Islam turned into added to Mindanao and
the Sulu Archipelago through Brunei at the island of Borneo. Alongside modifications in non-
secular beliefs and practices got here new political and social institutions. through the mid-
sixteenth century sultanates were established, bringing underneath their sway some of barangays.
A powerful datu as a way north as Manila embraced Islam. It became within the midst of this
wave of Islamic proselytism that the Spanish arrived. Had the Spanish come a century later or
had their reasons been strictly business, Filipinos today is probably a predominantly Muslim
people.
FILIPINO CUISINE
According to Comsti, A. (2022), Filipino cuisine has existed for a long time, long before
sushi burrito, kung pao chicken wings, and banh mi pizza became popular. Our food is a boiling
stew of native ingredients and regional flavors from various ethnolinguistic groups that have
been cooked and seasoned with foreign influences. It is referred to as one of the earliest fusion
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cuisines. One must look back and consider the nation's colonial history to provide a more
detailed definition. The Spaniards in 1565 claimed the islands, assimilated the people, developed
the agricultural, and expanded the culinary repertoire with Iberian ingredients as well as those
from other colonies, like Mexico. Chinese immigrants arrived in the Philippines in the 16th
century, bringing with them their culture, traditions, and staple foods. given that many
As written in an article from Pinoy-Cooking (2022), early Filipinos went out to sea in
search of a rich catch, into muddy rice fields to plant rice, or into the woods in search of a variety
of fauna because their country was surrounded by water and had islands blessed with fertile soil.
The catch and harvest were prepared simply by boiling, steaming, roasting, or grilling over an
open fire. the Philippine cuisine has seen a number of improvements as a result of trade with
other Asian countries, most notably the introduction of toyo and patis, as well as the techniques
for stir-frying and creating flavorful soup bases. Then, to preserve the food, vinegar and spices
were added. the Chinese traders who came brought their own cooking techniques. Numerous of
them wed locals and shared their cuisine,
According to Tabanera (2019), there is a cooking game that is made by a Filipino
programmer called cooking Ina. It is a game about a mother (Nanay) teaching you how to cook
different Filipino dishes like kare-kare, sisig, adobo, and many more. Much like cooking Ina, our
game is connected to cooking and different Filipino dishes because the researchers want
everybody to appreciate Filipino cuisine and the Filipino culture and to expand their knowledge
about the Philippines.

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According to Balikbayan (2021), the commonality among Filipinos is their love of food.
When there is food on the table, the Filipinos congregate around it, and when a meal is served,
everyone unites. The way Filipinos express themselves via their food. A person's hunger and
possibly desires are satisfied by food, but it also conveys culture and beliefs. Despite lifestyle
variations, food maintains cultural identity while tying people and families together. It's true that
food can evoke fond memories for Filipinos and might reveal a deep emotional connection with
others. Learn the origins of the Filipinos' love of food and festivities. Continue reading,
Relationships and food ties, Filipinos enjoy eating to honor customs and traditions. By
improving eating experiences, eating enjoyment can be highly distinctive. With dozens of
delicious meals, celebrations are made more exciting and entertaining.
As said by Escalona, K. (2023), traditional Filipino cuisine, a product of the nation's
vibrant history, time-honored culinary practices, and the exceptional culinary skills of the
Filipino people, is gaining recognition as the next culinary sensation. This unassuming,
straightforward fare is celebrated for its sheer deliciousness, rendering it an essential experience
for those seeking to savor the finest offerings of the Filipino culinary tradition.
According to Traveloka (2023), Filipino Cuisine is a diverse blend of Spanish, Chinese,
and Indian influences, making it a rich and diverse culinary experience. To incorporate Filipino
cuisine into a hotel breakfast menu, it’s essential to understand the ingredients and food
preparation methods used by Filipinos. This will help create a menu that showcases the rich
cultural background of the Philippines. Despite the variety of breakfast options, Filipinos often
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return to the same meals due to their emotional connection to comfort, as they were served by
their mothers. This will help create a more authentic experience in the Philippines.
As stated by Sheena M. (2020), Filipino cuisine bears a rich tapestry of influences rooted
in its intricate colonial history, with rice forming the cornerstone of its culinary traditions. The
introduction of rice to the Philippines can be traced back to an Indo-Malaysian, Chinese, and
Vietnamese wave of migration around 3400 BC. Over millennia, Chinese trade relations with the
Philippines brought soy sauce, fish sauce, and stir-frying techniques, giving rise to dishes like
pancit, siopao, lumpia, and the delectable kare-kare, a stew featuring a luscious peanut sauce and
oxtail. Spanish colonial rule left a significant imprint on Filipino dining etiquette, introducing the
use of utensils in an effort to steer Filipinos away from perceived "barbarism." Although the
practice of using forks and knives waned over time, Filipinos now prefer the combination of a
spoon and fork for their meals. Historians speculate that approximately 80% of Filipino dishes
exhibit Spanish influences, and many dishes adopted by the upper class have embraced Spanish
inspirations. The Philippine Revolution of 1896 ushered in an era of American occupation, a
period that Westernized the education system, established English as the official language of
business, and led to the diaspora of Filipinos around the world. This occupation also birthed the
uniquely Filipino creation of spaghetti, incorporating canned goods like tomato ketchup.
Additionally, the Filipino version of the Japanese dessert kakigori gained popularity in the
1900s, coinciding with increased access to ice and refrigeration. While the colonial history of the
Philippines has contributed to many contemporary challenges, it is crucial to recognize that the
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legacy lives on in Filipino culinary traditions. Filipinos have skillfully integrated these diverse
influences, added local flavors, and invented a cuisine that is truly exceptional.
THE FILIPINO CARINDERIA
As stated by HEARTBEAT (2019), one of the basic needs of our living is food. In this
generation, most of the people loves eating and discovering some delicious foods that can satisfy
their appetite and cravings which is at the same time affordable. Two of the best examples of
these places are fast food restaurants and carinderias. Carinderia also known as “turo-turo” is a
small establishment business that offer a cheap and delicious home cooked foods.
According to FilipiKnow (2022), we call local eateries carinderia as a Spanish
Filipinologist Wenceslao Retana discovered in the 1920s, the origin of carinderia can be traced
to the word kari which means “spice,” or what we know today as “curry.” As to how it gave birth
to the name of local eateries, we have to go back to the late 18th century, specifically during the
British invasion of Manila (1762-1764).
According to Eating the World (2020) One of the major restaurant types in the
Philippines is the carinderia, which is a combination of a street food stall and a buffet restaurant.
Tied to the name kari, which means spice/curry. At a carinderia, which is often an open-air area
and found street-side or in a market, you can select from maybe a dozen or more rotating local
Filipino home-style dishes. Options may vary by restaurant and region, and may include chicken
adobo, lechon (roast pork), sisig (chopped pork and onions), Tinolang manok (chicken soup),
pancit (fried noodles) and more.

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Turo-turo (carinderia) is a local eatery, selling and serving viands with wooden benches.
This firm is also considered as fast-food restaurant because it serves cooked food, all you need to
do is to choose and pay for it. The carinderia was considered as a respite of travelers having
originated as a quick food service in busy crossroads. Today, turo-turo (carinderia) have evolved
according to the needs of Filipinos, there are now variations including the travelling carinderia,
the high-class carinderia and carinderias in food courts. Their endeavor has the intention to
describe the profitability-based business strategies used by selected turo-turo owners in the
municipality of Diffun Quirino. (Antonino. K., 2019).
Small business owners are responsible for managing all aspects of their business,
including creating business plans, managing staff, setting business strategies, etc. As further
explained by Lapuz (2023), being a carinderia owner means managing all aspects of their
business, including preparing and serving food, managing staff, providing customer service, and
more. Their study aimed to determine the challenges of the selected small carinderia owners
encountered in Poblacion, San Isidro. Their qualitative study employed a phenomenological
research approach. Ten (10) small carinderia business owners who agreed to complete their
interview for the researchers or provide data to be analyzed for their research study took part as
respondents. According to their study, their respondents can be anyone of any age if they are
related to the study. Their respondents should have at least five months of experience in their
business to give the exact information this research needs.

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Further into the article by Lapuz (2023), every carinderia owner faces conflicts and
challenges in managing their business. The majority of the encountered problems are: (1) price
increases of ingredients due to inflation, (2) low sales, (3) leftover food/ unsold food, (4)
competitors, (5) non-paying customers; and lastly, (6) discouragement because of the problems
they experienced. They handled their business by having solutions such as: (1) a change in
pricing to solve the problem of price increases of ingredients due to inflation; (2) making a new
dish out of unsold food; (3) having loyal customers is also their strength when sales are low; and
(4) thinking positively is their solution to discouragement because of problems they experienced.
Their study found that although carinderia owners faced difficulties that caused them many
troubles, they successfully overcame them by coming up with solutions and tactics.
According to Murillo, R.O (2022), their article will discuss the basics of starting a
carinderia business, including carinderia menu and prices, carinderia equipment list, and how to
make your carinderia business successful. A carinderia business is a small, family-owned
eateries that serves Filipino food. It is typically found near each other and often specialize in a
particular dish or cuisine. It is very popular with the local community, offering affordable and
delicious food.
Further into the article by Murillo, R.O (2022), there are two carinderia businesses, the
“turo-turo” carinderia and the “sit-down” carinderia. The Turo-Turo Carinderia: customers
choose their food from a buffet line, and the food is served on their plates. While the sit-down
carinderia: customers order their food from a menu, and the food is served at their table.
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Murillo, R.O (2022) proceeds to write that to start a carinderia business, you will need a
few key things. A good location: It should be located near schools, churches, or government
offices in high-traffic areas. A license: You will need to obtain a license from the city or town
where you plan to operate your business including TIN from BIR. Equipment: You will need to
purchase or lease carinderia equipment, including a stove, refrigerator, sink, and tables and
chairs. Supplies: You will need to purchase carinderia supplies, including food, utensils, and
tablecloths. Skills: You will need to have some cooking experience to start a business. It is also
helpful to have experience in customer service and food safety. You will need to purchase
carinderia supplies, including food, utensils, and tablecloths. A carinderia is a type of small
restaurant found throughout the Philippines. These businesses typically have a limited menu of
Filipino dishes and are run out of a home or small storefront. Carinderias are an essential part of
the Filipino food culture, and they often provide meals for families at a fraction of the cost of a
full-service restaurant. Before starting your eatery business, the carinderia should have this list:
stove, refrigerator, sink, tables and chairs, fans, water dispenser, utensils (e.g. spoon, fork,
knives) and supplies like table napkins, plastic bags, toothpicks, and many more.
Further into the article by Murillo, R.O (2022), these are the common mistakes of
carinderia business owners. There are several mistakes carinderia business owners make that can
lead to the failure of their businesses. Those most common mistakes are not knowing the target
market: It should focus on a specific target market and create a marketing plan to attract those
customers. Not having a diversified menu: It should offer a variety of Filipino dishes to appeal to
a wide range of customers. Pricing dishes too high: It should charge reasonable prices for their
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dishes to attract budget-minded customers. Not maintaining a clean appearance: It should
maintain a clean and orderly appearance. Failing to promote the business: It should create a
marketing plan to promote their business and attract customers. Not keeping good financial
records: Eatery businesses should keep appropriate records of their income and expenses to
ensure they are profitable. Not providing good customer service: Eatery businesses should
provide excellent customer service to encourage repeat business. With these studies, the
researchers aim to provide a game that has the ambiance of local carinderias here in the
Philippines where the respondents that will play the game will face conflicts and challenges in
managing their virtual carinderia business. This includes the time management that they will
face and a lot of customers that they will confront on a busy day. Lastly, they will also learn how
to manage their in-game business, coming up with their own tactics/strategy on how to play and
manage their virtual workload.
GAMING IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippines has witnessed a remarkable transformation in the world of gaming,
where it has transitioned from being a mere pastime to becoming a prominent from a mainstream
entertainment. One of the biggest benefits of online multiplayers games is the ability to connect
with players from all around the world (Guevara, 2023). With the rise of online multiplayer
games, the gaming industry has witnessed significant growth. In his Article He tackled the
impact of online gaming on the Philippines’ gaming industry and how it has changed the way
people play and socialize a better way to play with other people who share the same interests and
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hobbies, regardless of geographic location where it allows gamer to form connections and build
friendships. The prevalence of online gaming in the Philippines is growing in popularity.
The surge in popularity of online gaming in the Philippines can be attributed to several
factors. Owing to a number of reasons, including the increased accessibility of the expanding use
of high-speed internet. Here, it states Competitive gaming has become a popular pastime in the
country. Online gaming also provides social opportunities. Leaderboards, clans, and
achievements where they compete with one another. These social aspects enable gamers to have
a more engaged and gratifying gaming experience. As technology and infrastructure technology
advances, gamers may anticipate online gaming being ever more accessible and immersive.
Online gaming is not just about entertainment, but also about building relationships and shaping
peoples interact with technology and to each other. Online gaming is here to stay and it is
expected to continue shaping the future of the gaming industry in the Philippines and beyond.
However. as with any activity it is critical to practice responsible gaming and ensure that this
does not negatively impact other areas of life such as work, school, or relationships. Online
gaming has bought about a slew of positive changes to the Philippine gaming industry, with its
ability to connect people and foster a sense of community. The gaming industry has become a
significant contributor to the Philippine economy. Gaming has not only found its place in the
hearts of Filipinos but has also integrated itself into the country’s culture.
Gaming has evolved into a global phenomenon, with millions of people of all ages and
backgrounds participating on visual platforms. Furthermore, gaming has evolved from a solitary
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experience to a means of socializing, learning, and competing. In his Article He tackled that
gaming has clearly become a mainstream activity, with nearly everyone having played a video
game at some point on their lives. From children to the elderly, gaming has become a universal
pastime that transcends age and culture. In his evolved into a legitimate career path for not only
players but also businesses.
It includes were the E-sports or competitive video gaming. Due to the abundance of
skilled workers with a strong understanding of English and a passion for gaming. He stated, the
country is home to professional esports teams and Leagues in popular games such as Dota 2,
League of Legends, Mobile Legends, and Call of Duty Mobile. The Philippines’ games industry
has attracted the attention of major gaming companies, which have set up operations in the
country. In more than just players he said that Ubisoft is one of the biggest developers in the
world and currently has its own office in Santa Rosa. Given that they’re constantly awarded as
one of the top employers in the country, it’s safe to assume that local game development is on
the rise.
The gaming industry in the Philippines has experienced remarkable growth in recent
years, but it is not without its fair share of challenges. Gaming is one of the biggest players in the
entertainment industry. (Guevara, 2023) He tackled here the millions of individuals around the
world enjoy video games as a form of leisure, education, or even as a professional career. In the
Philippines, it’s no different and yet there are still challenges that need to be addressed to fully
realize the potential of the industry. He stated here the stigma around gaming as a waste of time
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and a children’s hobby has been holding back the industry from a household all the way to an
institutional level. And said that this due to the traditional belief that gaming is a form of
entertainment that is not productive and can harm the development of young minds.
One significant challenge faced by the gaming industry in the Philippines is the limited
digital infrastructure, particularly in remote areas. Inadequate internet connectivity and the lack
of access to high-quality gaming equipment hinder the growth potential of local gamers and
developers. Addressing these infrastructure gaps and ensuring wider access to technology will
unlock new opportunities for gamers and developers across the country. Another challenge faced
by the gaming industry in the Philippines revolves around intellectual property protection and
copyright issues. The lack of strong enforcement measures and legal frameworks can discourage
local game developers from creating original content. This has resulted in a lack of institutional
support and funding for the industry. In addition, it has also led to a limited understanding of the
gaming industry’s potential to create job opportunities and boost economic growth. By
implementing stricter regulations and providing better support for intellectual property rights, the
Philippines can foster an environment conducive to innovation and original game development.
The gaming industry is an excellent medium for encouraging creativity. Game
development is a collaborative process that requires a team of people to work together to create a
unique and entertaining product. The industry can also encourage creativity among players, who
can use the games they play to express their creativity and develop their own unique content. As
the gaming industry continues to flourish, it must overcome various challenges to fully unlock its
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potential. By addressing issues such as infrastructure, intellectual property protection, skills
development, investor perception, and cultural relevance, the industry can pave the way for
sustained growth and success.
The gaming industry in the Philippines has experienced unprecedented growth in recent
years, with the country establishing its presence as a rising star in the global gaming landscape.
The Philippines has become a prominent figure in the international gaming arena, experiencing
rapid expansion and advancement (Bacay, 2023). The Philippine gaming sector is notable for its
range some ecosystem, comprising various entertainment segments, including mobile, PC,
console games, and esports. Filipino game developers have been making significant strides in
creating unique and engaging gaming experiences. These range of elements has been a major
contributing factor to the industry’s strength and expansion. It said here that the Philippines is
home to numerous computer shops, commonly referred to as gaming cafes. These venues
provide state-of-the-art gaming equipment and create vibrant community avid gamers.
Furthermore, gaming events and conventions have become increasingly popular. Filipino online
gamers have triumphed in the field of streaming and developing content on mediums like Twitch
and YouTube.
He also states here that the Philippines' gaming sector has pulled in major capital from in-
country and global firms alike, resulting in improvements to the infrastructure, such as high-
speed internet and dedicated esports stadiums. Mobile gaming has taken the Philippines by
storm, thanks to the country’s high mobile penetration rate and affordable smartphones. Filipino
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have embraced mobile gaming as a convenient and accessible way to enjoy their favorite games
and connect fellow gamers. The administration has realized the business potential of the gaming
sector and has illustrated it’s backing through projects to break e-sports and game advancement.
This backing has assisted in manufacturing an advantageous atmosphere for expansion. Cultural
Incorporation: Gaming has been assimilated into Filipino culture, with the vast majority of
households having at least one avid gamer. Filipino gamers and esports teams have achieved
global recognition with their participation in international contests and the impressive results
they have attained. This has established the Philippines as a formidable presence in the gaming
community. To summarize the gaming industry in the Philippines is booming, thanks to an
enthusiastic community, strong government support and plethora of gaming- related activities.
The Philippines has emerged as a rising star in the global gaming industry, with its vibrant
gaming culture, flourishing game development scene, and competitive eSports landscape.
Throughout government support, the growth of local gamers, the country has positioned itself as
a noteworthy player in the gaming world. As the gaming Philippines, the horizon looks bright for
this dynamic and thriving sector.
Aiming has become a ubiquitous aspect of modern times. The Filipino gaming culture is
a vibrant and dynamic tapestry that captivates the heart and minds of countless locals (Guevara,
R. (2023). With a deep-rooted history and a passionate community of gamers, the Philippines has
gradually blossomed into a bustling hub for gaming enthusiasts. Gaming has been a significant
part of Philippine culture and society, serving as a means of entertainment, socialization, and
even competition. From console and computer to online multiplayer and mobile games, gaming
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has become a staple in the everyday lives of Filipinos. Playing video games evolved from a
simple form of entertainment to a legitimate industry worth billions of dollars worldwide. The
rapid advancement of technology has enabled the creation of sophisticated and immersive
gaming experience, attracting players from all walks of life. In addition to being a source of
entertainment, gaming has also become a means of socialization and community building in the
Philippines. Friends and families often gather to play games together, whether it be at home, at
local gaming cafes, or online. Computer shop have become so popular in the Philippines that
they were once considered one of the most profitable business ventures to enter. High-speed
internet and adequate gaming hardware were not yet available to the majority of households to
your heart’s content and form new friendships with the people around you were very enticing,
especially for young gamers at the time. The COVID-19 undoubtedly contribute to an increase in
the number of gamers. When everyone is forced to stay at home, there are so many activities to
keep everyone entertained. Gaming was one of the things that benefited greatly from world’s
extra time, as a study in Europe found that 50% of gamers said it made them happier, with 39%
saying it made them feel less isolated. The amount of time spent playing video games increased
by 42% in the Asia-Pacific region.
Undoubtedly, he said here, gaming has emerged as a noteworthy element of Filipino
culture and society, functioning as a source of leisure, camaraderie, and rivalry. Starting from its
historic beginnings in arcade games to its current preeminence in mobile and internet-based
multiplayer experiences, gaming has become an essential component of Filipino entertainment.
As technology continues to advance, it is likely that gaming will continue to play a significant
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role in Philippine culture and society. As the industry grows through esports, game development,
content creation, and communities, video games have the potential to fully move beyond the
stigma that it’s only a waste of time.
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
FOREIGN STUDIES
USER INTERFACE
A research article by Sharma et al (2021) states that the tool that facilitates user
interaction is the user interface (UI). With the services interface for the product. For instance,
User Colors are among the visual design components that make up the interface. and typefaces.
The user interface is additionally utilized to view the screens' usability or the unorthodox systems
like voice-based methods. In keeping with the previous example of online clothing shopping, it
would concentrate on the screens' visual design. interacts with, such as the green button that
allows for now purchase button and choose where it will appear on the page. This may also
include user interfaces that customers can utilize in-store. The focus of interaction design is how
the user's eyes engage with the screen, including their ability to tap, slide, and click. What
transpires satisfies their expectations and advances them toward their objectives. For people to
comprehend how to act, you must be able to see how they should utilize the final product you
built with them. This is what interaction design is all about.
As claimed by Palm (2022), depending on the context, the term "user interface design"
can signify a variety of things. For instance, UI is frequently discussed in terms of usability and
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user experience (UX) in academic settings, whereas it may be considered more in terms of visual
design in professional settings. In addition to UI design, there are two other concepts that are
related and occasionally used synonymously. User Experience (UX) Design is the first, and
Interaction Design is the second. The three names have slightly distinct connotations even
though they can all be used to refer to the same subject, UI design.
A user interface's designer intentionally employs color and shape to evoke a particular
emotion in the player. The psychological concept of color theory, which links colors to human
emotions, informs the use of color in successful user interface designs. Color is used to
manipulate users' emotions and provide them with a very specific experience. Just as crucial as
the size, weight, curvature, and other minute details are in determining how a user perceives a
design and how it plays into their emotions is the shapes employed in the UI. To use a player's
emotions to convey meaning from the user interface, color psychology is carefully taken into
account when designing the UI. The four primary psychological colors—red, blue, yellow, and
green—are most frequently used. This is due to the fact that their representations are easier for
players to understand and have nearly universal meanings. In order to convey a particular mood
or atmosphere to a user, color and shape are carefully considered during the UI design process
(Enggar et al, 2020).
According to Miraz et al (2021), intelligently adaptive UI designs allow for greater user
control over the way the interface appears and functions. They also allow for greater
personalization and the UI to automatically adjust to various screen sizes and machine types,
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reducing the amount of design work required. Another design approach is to create custom
interfaces, which let designers place elements in very precise spots on a screen or HUD.
However, in order to successfully implement this approach, the designer must have a
thorough understanding of both the target audience and the display parameters. Due to its design
type, a design must be created numerous times and adjusted to work with each design type to be
used on various display types. (Miraz et al, 2021) In video games, the goal of a user interface is
to enable players to perform actions on a Heads-Up Display (HUD) or directly enter data into the
game world.
Human-computer interactions (HCI) are made possible by the user interface, which is a
component of a program. The color, shape, and way a program is used determine how well a UI
is crafted, so it is important to design user interfaces with consideration for human psychology
and physiology. To evoke a particular emotion in the user when interacting with each area of the
user interface, color selection in UI design should be based on color psychology theory.
However, UI shape is just as crucial in evoking specific emotions in the user.
The user interface (UI) should be designed with the knowledge a user already possesses,
to not require the user to learn many, if any, new skills to access it. By using buttons, menus,
sliders, and other optional widgets as well as the creation of UIs that permit manual changes by
the user, toggle options can also be used in many UI variations to give the user the most options.
Always design user interfaces with the intention of improving user experience and streamlining
tasks. (Connor, 2021).

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As stated from Reader’s Digest (2023), children like playing with imagination, which
involves making up stories and pretending to be other people. Playing cooking games is a great
method to encourage this type of activity. They can replicate real-life circumstances and
behaviors through pretend play, which helps them to develop their imagination, motor skills,
language, and problem-solving skills. Additionally, cooking games give children great chances
to reach many other important developmental milestones, including those for cognitive
development, fine motor abilities, and social and interpersonal skills.
The culinary video game genre can be divided into two categories: restaurant
management games, where players manage and balance their finances, and tranquil life
simulation games, where players can produce and harvest their own ingredients and transport
them from the farm to the oven. A pleasurable and stress-free digital substitute for actual cooking
can be found in cooking games (Sattar, 2023).
User interface (UI) placement around a game world must be thoughtful because it can
influence gameplay. By giving the player the best possible immersion, UI can improve
gameplay. A game's user interface (UI) should make in-game tasks as quick and seamless as
possible to keep the player immersed in the game world. If the UI of a game contains too much
information, players are forced to slow down gameplay and it stalls entertainment, whereas if
there is too little information given on the UI, players become frustrated having to slow down
gameplay to find something they may need.

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In-game UI objects can be placed to entice players to move in one of two directions:
toward them or away from them. This allows the UI to control player behavior. Developers may
be able to direct player behavior and ensure that players are following the game's rules thanks to
UI objects. With the help of the game's user interface, players can choose to take on optional
challenges like gathering and smashing game objects on the map, which increases their sense of
accomplishment.
According to the creators, the 3d UI graphics in the bomba game make it superior to the
original Bomberman (Zulfa et al, 2020). Because it is so abstract, the user interface concept can
be challenging to put into practice. Thinking about user interface design and interaction design in
general can take many different forms. Interacting with the user involves using the user interface.
It is a way for people to communicate with computers and give them information while also
enabling the computer to give the information back to the person. Although there are numerous
contexts in which the word "interface" can be used, most people are only familiar with computer
interfaces created with software programming languages unique to the Microsoft Windows or
Apple Macintosh Operating Systems (OS).
The terms "application program interface" (API) and "graphical user interface" (GUI)
are occasionally used to describe this type of interface. Because they use these kinds of programs
on a daily basis at work, school, and other places, people who regularly use computers typically
have some understanding of how they operate. (Pereira, 2022). User interface (UI) design plays a
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crucial role in video games because it not only gives players access to key features but also,
depending on how well it is done, can improve or degrade the overall experience.
User interface (UI) design plays a crucial role in video games because it not only gives
players access to key features but also, depending on how well it is done, can improve or degrade
the overall experience. All aspects of the game that require player interaction, such as movement
and interacting with the environment's objects, are controlled by user interfaces. The primary
goal of an early adopter UI is to ensure that all necessary actions can be taken at any point in the
game. When creating a user interface, developers should try to make it intuitive and easy to use
for players familiar with similar systems from other games or real life.
User interface design is often compared to creating objects for other people to use. It is
generally defined as a set of methods and processes used to develop a product that enables users
to achieve specific goals, tasks or activities using computers. It's not just about making things
pretty: it's all encompassing. Video games' user interfaces (UI) are essential components that
give players access to crucial data like their health status, ammunition, etc. A strong base for
good user experience (UX) design to grow on is established by good user interface design. To
ensure that a player's journey through a game experience feels enjoyable, natural, and
comfortable is the purpose of user experience in video games. It's critical for players to
understand the UI's various components as well as their keyboard or controller to play any video
game effectively.
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Utilizing the word "consistency" will help you do this. Making symbols for various types
of interaction, such as saving, loading, etc., that are clearly recognizable would be a good way to
accomplish this. (Pereira, 2022).
GAME STORY
According to Juego (2021), technical effects and gameplay are always there to make a
successful game but another factor that decides the fate of your game is the storyline. An
exciting storyline is what people crave for; you can think of a storyline as a sequence of
connected events that occur one after the other. The storyline is simply like a story of which the
player is a part.
Further into the article by Juego (2021), a storyline is vital in game development as it
gives curiosity and involvement. Curiosity is something that attracts all players once and for all.
A player will come to your game even if it has average graphics but is intriguing. And a good
storyline is what you need to arouse the curiosity of your players. This will glue them to your
game even if it is boring. While involvement can help your player feel involved in the game. If
the main character has not much to do, he’ll/she’ll get bored somewhere in the middle. It’s the
reason an interactive storyline is vital in a game. A story can help your player understand how a
game flows. Or it will help your player understand what he needs to perform inside the game. If
a player is not aware of his/her actions, he’ll/she’ll get bored and leave the game. So, their article
wants to make sure that a storyline is included with a flow. Take The Walking Dead, for
example. The player acts as a protagonist Lee Everett in the game. He must stay alive amid the
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rising zombie apocalypse. The storyline is captivating. It’s one of the prime reasons why this
game has grown to become so viral.
The article by Juego (2021) also states that there are different types of storytelling. Linear
Storytelling: It’s one of the most common and basic types of storytelling. In linear storytelling,
the story goes in one direction. There’s a smooth flow of events without deviation or skipping
ahead. In this type of storytelling, the player has nothing to contribute. It means there’s no way
by which the player could change how the events take place. The story rolls out according to
what was written by the developer or designer. Some common examples are Mass
Effect and The Walking Dead. String of Pearls: This type of storytelling is pretty similar to the
linear type. However, the player has more control over how the story turns out. It’s the most
famous narration type used in RPG games. Amusement Park Model: This type of storytelling
model helps allow the player to explore new things in the world. You’ll find this storytelling type
in open-world games. Fully Branching Story: The fully branching story is another captivating
storytelling type. In this type, the choices you make determine the characters, plot, and game’s
ending. The player gets different decisions based on which you get access to different chapters.
A research article by Naul and Liu (2019) stated that literature has shown immersive
learning environments such as digital educational games and simulations often incorporate
storytelling elements in their designs as narrative can be an effective way of making learning
more meaningful to students. The purpose of their study is to review the literature on the role
narrative can play in the experience of a learner engaging in learning games and to synthesize
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research on features of story that have demonstrated success in these learning environments. It is
quite challenging with this kind of stuff. Their findings have shown that distributed narrative,
intrinsically integrated fantasies, empathetic characters and virtual agents, and adaptiveness or
responsivity are four characteristics of game narratives found to be effective. Several learning
game analyses were performed to illustrate how these games used narrative to foster greater
immersion, engagement, motivation, and learning. It is strategically shown beyond limitations.
To proceed more, the article by Naul and Liu (2019) stated that finally, a narrative design
strategy for serious games is suggested which integrates the effective narrative features as shown
in the example games, along with two analysis frameworks, Game Discourse Analysis and
Narrative Centered Informant Design. The findings of this study should provide much-needed
insights to designers and researchers who are involved in creating immersive learning
environments. However, in their review of literature it is quite limited that some of the studies
included were published about 10 years ago. Given a systematic review connecting narrative and
learning in serious games is lacking in the literature, that they hope designers who deal with new
technologies such as virtual or augmented realities can gain some insights from the work that has
been done in the past. As stated by them serious game narratives can provide meaningful
structures to learning that are frequently quite memorable. With this study, we aim to make an
educational narrative in our game to help the users learn.
As stated by Malegiannaki, et al. (2021), serious games are used in the field of cultural
heritage as a means to transmit cultural knowledge and enable an experiential contact with
cultural content. Their authors’ aim is to investigate whether a game design exploiting the less
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used combination of complex storytelling, endogenous cooperation, and competition has the
potential to sufficiently convey cultural content. More specifically, through four game
interventions, it was investigated how a story-driven board game functions with teenage and
adult users alike. A mixed research methodology was followed in all game sessions and their
data were collected through observation, semi-structured group interviews, and short
questionnaires. Findings confirmed the playability of the suggested design and the potential to
amuse players while providing learning gains and engagement with cultural content. Recently,
we have witnessed the emergence of educational games as learning tools. In fact, today’s
students grow up in the video games era; playing a video game is a part of the daily routine of
the majority of them. As a result, schools started resorting to them more than ever to ensure
deeper engagement and to provide adaptive and personalized learning (Hamdaoui, N., et al.
2021.).
The article by Malegiannaki, et al. (2021), also states that to promote active citizenship
we need to raise awareness regarding our cultural heritage. Cultural content, though, often lacks
meaningfulness for the general public, because of its fragmented nature. Nowadays, serious
games are used as an additional means to enable an experiential learning perspective with
cultural heritage (Hamdaoui, N., et al. 2021.). With this study we aim to provide active
citizenship by adding a cultural content in our story line for our game.
According to Palomino, et al. (2019), gamification applied to education studies are
focusing to encourage students to perform specific tasks, however many of these studies are still
inconclusive about how much gamification can influence engagement. Also, the frameworks
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used to apply gamification in those systems are mainly structural (e.g., scoring and ranking
systems) rather than content frameworks (where the game elements are applied to the content).
Therefore, the study of their paper aims at creating a narrative definition exclusively for
gamification purposes. First, they developed empirical research starting with a literature review
of the narrative concept in other medias, such as games. Then, they mapped the definitions into
features and crossed the similarities and differences across them, to find a common ground that
could be applied in gamification contexts. Their results show that the narrative element definition
to use in gamification contexts best drifts from the games ones, however its definition is unique
to the point it could be isolated and used in future frameworks. They also found that the
characteristics of this concept resembles some of User Experience.
Further into the article by Palomino, et al. (2019) one of the main purposes of
gamification (defined as the use of game elements outside its main context) is to engage and
motivate, to perfect or to create a desired behavior in training and teaching processes and to
improve the user experience. Concerning the gamification educational potential, the process has
been achieving positive results when used concomitantly with traditional methodologies or as a
complement to virtual applications. Still, several authors disagree on the classification and
definition of these terms, and few use a formal definition for use in gamification processes. For
the reason that gamification is an action that uses game mechanics, elements, and principles
(Andreev, I., 2023). We aim to also use this technique called gamification to inspire users to
engage with our in-game content.

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A research article by Klimczyk, P. (2021), the authors propose here that a video game is a
type of interactive entertainment where player, using narrative in-game elements, is assigned a
certain role that he/she has to fill. He/she contributes to the story unfolding because of his actions
as if he/she is, for example, a police officer or soldier. Here the Player’s self is merging with the
protagonist, rather than looking at him/her as a virtual, social entity distinct from the player.
Understanding that relationship converges with the concept of identification. In our game we
also aim to use an in-game element where the user is assigned a certain role that he/she has to
fill.
According to Smathers (2023), narrative game design is a part of the game development
process in which the creative team defines the game’s story structure and core emotional
elements. This is where components like theme, plot, character, and dialogue come to life.
Global adaptation of narrative design ensures the emotional core of a story and character
resonates with any player worldwide.
Further into the article by Smathers (2023), Smathers tells us about how “At the end of
the day, if you truly want your game to be the best it can be, you have to look at everything. You
want every player to come home and turn on this game, and feel like they’re in a beautiful,
fantastical world. If you’re trying to create a game where people can escape and have a good
time, you want to make sure they’re not going to get catcalled by an NPC or get a fat joke hurled
at them. Humor is important, and we definitely like to spice things up and keep the story
interesting, but not at a player’s potential expense.” With their studies, we aim to make a cooking
game (Cooking Lelang game) that will have an excellent narrative design for our users/ players
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to interact. Where our users will enjoy our storyline and that it will make the user emerge more
into looking forward to play with our game called Cooking Lelang.
LOCAL STUDIES
FILIPINO GAMES
According to Guevara (2023), it's evident that playing video games has become popular
since almost everyone has done so at some point in their lives. People of all ages and
backgrounds can now enjoy video games thanks to their accessibility and variety. Nowadays, it
unites people rather than just being a specialized hobby. Gamers of all ages enjoy gaming as a
universal pastime that cuts across age and cultural boundaries. Nowadays, gaming is more than
just a hobby. Players and businesses alike can now pursue it as a legitimate career path.
Professional competition is now an option for players with the help of organizations and
sponsors. Analysts, managers, and coaches are in high demand as esports grow. There are
opportunities for content producers to produce and share gaming-related content on websites like
YouTube, Facebook, and Twitch. From an entrepreneurial perspective, corporations can support
teams, competitions, and events, thereby offering numerous chances for enterprises to capitalize
on the expanding gaming industry in the Philippines.
Major gaming corporations have established operations in the Philippines because of the
abundance of skilled workers who have a passion for gaming and a strong command of English.
In industries like game testing, customer support, and game development, this has given
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Filipinos job opportunities. (Guevara, 2023) They can be utilized to change behavior because
they have a positive energy, especially when they are used in education (Orejuela, 2022).
Young Filipinos used to like playing what are now referred to as traditional games back
when technology and online games weren't there (Booc, et al., 2019; Mozar, 2020). Everyone is
constantly busy during the week due to a variety of commitments. Most of us are too busy,
especially on the weekends, to unwind and enjoy ourselves. Therefore, downloading at least one
game to pass the time during our free time is somewhat beneficial. However, if you're looking
for a high-quality and improved gaming experience, finding the best mobile games can be
difficult. In 2017, Battle Royale games experienced a remarkable surge in popularity following
the success of Player Unknown's Battlegrounds. Gamers who loved the gameplay lately began
searching for more titles like it. The popularity of Battle Royale games encourages developers to
produce more, leading to the release of a number of intriguing mobile games this year.
The gaming industry is definitely led by mobile games this year. Numerous game
developers have created titles that unquestionably dominated the market, from the explosive
success of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang to the global release of Arena of Valor. Games with a lot
of action are also popular right now. Indeed, action games predominate among the top games of
2019. Action and strategy are loved by all, they make the ideal combination when playing a
game. (College of Arts and Technology, 2019)
Santos et al (2019) claim that games that have been a part of Filipino culture for many
centuries have been played as a form of entertainment in the Philippines for many centuries.
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These games have gained popularity over the years. To ensure these traditional and cultural
games are preserved for the benefit of current and future generations, an immediate investigation
is needed to determine the best course of action. Specifically, this is especially true in light of the
global rise in popularity of new digital games, especially in developing nations. It is anticipated
that the rise in Filipinos' awareness of and enthusiasm for playing traditional real-world games
will have a long-term positive effect, even though mobile gaming applications were used in this
study (Santos et al., 2019). The Philippines is not an exception to the global trend of online
gaming. The gaming industry has grown significantly as a result of the popularity of online
multiplayer games. Let's discuss how internet gaming has affected the Philippine gaming
industry and how socializing and playing have evolved as a result.
Making global connections with other players is one of the main advantages of playing
multiplayer video games online. Regardless of location, there's no better way to play than with
others who have similar interests and pastimes. It promotes a feeling of community, camaraderie,
and (most of the time) healthy competition by enabling players to connect with one another and
become friends. (Guevara, 2023). The future of the gaming industry in the Philippines and
elsewhere is anticipated to be significantly shaped by online gaming, which is here to stay. We
can anticipate online gaming to get even more accessible and immersive as infrastructure and
technology advance, which will broaden its appeal and influence on the gaming community. But
just like with anything else, it's crucial to play responsibly and make sure gaming doesn't
interfere with relationships, career, or education. Ensuring online safety and security is
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imperative as well. Because the internet is so dynamic and open, there are times when online
servers are infested with hackers and scammers.
The Philippine gaming industry has seen many positive changes as a result of online
gaming, including increased opportunities for players and economic growth. Online gaming is
more than just entertainment; it's about forming connections and influencing how we engage
with technology and one another. It does this by bringing people together and creating a sense of
community. (Guevara, 2023) More Filipino game companies and developers have recently begun
to produce video games with Filipino characters and narratives that are set in the Philippines.
Now, without the need for a publisher in every region, Filipino video game developers can
quickly and easily release their games both inside and outside of the Philippines by using Steam
for PCs and Google Play and Apple Appstore for mobile devices.
Independent developers have also found other sites like itch.io helpful for uploading and
sharing their work. In addition to serving as an additional source of funding to augment more
established avenues for video game studio investment capital, crowdfunding platforms have also
been utilized to directly appeal to fans and audiences for support. As a result, most Filipino game
developers create their games independently of major gaming companies. (Cerda, 2021) Another
type of leisure activity in which people can fully engage for their own amusement is online
gaming. Its widespread condemnation can also be attributed to the fact that, to be effective, it
requires a high degree of mental agility, stress, and social contact from participants. Like many
other traditional games played in the Philippines, these games require little to no physical
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participation from the player, which is unusual in this day and age. Its widespread condemnation
can be attributed, in large part, to the fact that it involves little to no physical contact with other
participants. Online games can help kids develop their problem-solving skills, practical patience,
and other qualities because they engage them in a variety of activities. It's important to maintain
a healthy work-family balance because playing online games for extended periods of time
without breaks can negatively affect other abilities' development and maintenance.
In summary, traditional games played by Filipinos are more beneficial than playing
online games. (Casa, Del Rosario, 2022) Certain games were saved, while others changed and
developed over time. The centuries-long colonization of the Philippines by foreigners brought
about several cultural changes, which is consistent with the idea that the country's culture is
fragmented due to the various influences it experienced. Additionally, as the Filipino people
experimented with various game concepts to define themselves, their game lore developed over
time.
Though this has always been the case, it appears that the younger generation has not been
exposed to, or has not at least grown up with, the traditional games that exist in their own nation
—something that they ought to be aware of given the cultural significance of these games. The
House Bill No. 8626, also known as the Philippine Indigenous Games Preservation Act of 2017,
was created by a congressman in response to this circumstance. The purpose of this bill is to
guarantee the preservation of indigenous games so that they can be enjoyed and passed down
through the generations. (Apolinar, Carig, 2022)

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SYNTHESIS
The Philippines is known for its rich culture, especially the Filipinos’ love for food.
Filipino cuisine had been influenced over the years due to the other countries and the occurrence
of colonization. Yet, Filipinos have still skillfully added local flavors into these dishes, making
them a whole new concept of their own. Such new flavors are great for food enthusiasts who
travel with the intention of discovering unique dishes. It is much more satisfying when food is
affordable and convenient to be bought, hence the invention of fast-food restaurants. On the topic
of Filipino food and cheap prices, these are likely found in the Philippines’ local diners called
carinderia. Whether an individual is in need of a quick meal for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, this
is the common choice for most Filipinos. In carinderias, there is a wide variety of food options
to choose from. Be it adobo, silog meals, or native delicacies, one can find signature Filipino
dishes in a carinderia.
Filipinos are not only food lovers, but they are also one of the most active populations on
the internet especially in games. As the game industry grows during the past few years, Filipino
game developers and companies have grown in numbers as well. Online games are the popular
selection of most Filipino gamers, particularly games like Mobile Legends, Call of Duty,
Valorant, and many other franchises. The popularity of these games had particularly risen along
with the introduction of E-sports, most well-known as game competitions.
With this high enthusiasm for games, this chapter further elaborates the components of a
game that make up its unique experience, namely its gameplay, graphics, sound design, user
interface, and game story. First is gameplay, it is the main loop of the game that consists of the
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mechanics that the players must do in order to play the game as intended by the developers. The
appeal of the experience comes from the graphics of the game itself. Nowadays, graphics are
categorized into 2D or 3D, and may range from simple low-resolution aesthetics to sophisticated
realism. Further into visual appeal, user interface goes under this concept as well, in terms of
visual design. This component aids in providing more information that is relevant to the player’s
gameplay, thus it is why designing a user interface must be done with firm purpose and
considerate of how it may affect the cognitive behavior of the player.
As for the game audio, it is one of the crucial components that add immersion to the
experience. Even in films or audio streams, sound design can be used to tell stories or convey
emotions, hence indeed enhancing a gameplay experience. Lastly, to provide a time and setting
that the players will be immersed in, games often incorporate a story behind it. Sometimes these
stories are the origin of the game idea itself. As the player follows the plot, this increases their
immersion and connection to the concept of the game. Thus, that solidifies the overall game
experience. These elements such as Filipino culture and game components are both incorporated
into the game Cooking Lelang, the prototype alongside this study. In conclusion, the analyzed
information that expands these variables are relevant to achieving the study’s objective, and most
particularly in justifying the credibility of this research.

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The following chapter elaborates the materials and procedures performed in conducting
the study, namely its research design, research instruments, data gathering instruments, data
gathering procedure, and the statistical treatment of its data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers have selected and applied the descriptive research design to the study
entitled “Cooking Lelang: The Insight of Selected Senior High School Students Towards a 2D
Pixel Cooking Game” during the first semester of STI College Calamba A.Y. 2022-2023. Upon
learning this research design, the researchers intend to use it to accomplish the following
purposes: utilizing appropriate tools to collect a large amount of credible data, and accumulating
the study’s findings aided by survey questionnaires that are designed for convenience.
It is further elaborated by the researchers that the objective of applying this research
design is to identify the perception of Senior High School Students of STI College Calamba
towards a 2D pixel-based cooking game developed by the Filipino researchers themselves. The
researchers firmly consider the descriptive research design to best fit the problem of this study,
particularly in the aspect of evaluating its findings. This method is most capable in leading the
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researchers towards gathering quality responses from the distributed survey questionnaires used
for data accumulation. Hence, this enables the researchers to acquire reliable data crucial for
determining the findings of this study.
POPULATION AND SAMPLING
For this study, researchers chose selected Culinary Arts students under the Senior High
School department from STI College Calamba during the first semester of academic year 2023-
2024. The sets of chosen individuals from the given population will be determined using a
random sampling method. Each individual in every set will then be given a survey questionnaire
that the researchers have provided.
In order to determine the sample space from the population of Culinary Arts students of
STI College Calamba, the researchers will use the Slovin’s formula to develop an unbiased and
reliable basis for the number of participants. This aids in easing the research process while
leading us to credible responses that are relevant to the objectives of this study. The Slovin’s
formula of percentage, which the researchers will use for the sampling process, is as follows:
With the population and formula at hand, the researchers will proceed to gathering the
selected number of students in respect to the computed sample space. They will serve as the
interviewees, essentially the targeted representatives from the chosen population.

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DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT
The researchers utilized the statement of the problem as the basis of the survey
questionnaire which will serve as the main data-gathering instrument. These research questions
will then be used to identify the perception of Culinary Arts students of STI College Calamba
towards 2D pixel-based cooking games such as Cooking Lelang. In order to accumulate the
required data, the survey questionnaire will be distributed by the researchers to the respondents
of STI College Calamba with a population of 87.
The purpose of the survey questionnaire is to serve as a medium for the assessment of the
respondents’ perspective towards 2D pixel-based cooking games. Within the content of the
questionnaire, it consists of three parts. The first part involves the profile information of the
respondents, such as the following: Age, and Strand.
For the second part, the questionnaire provides research questions to the five (5) factors
respectively that may affect the results of this study. The first factor in question would be the
Gameplay. This is where the respondents provide their perspective which determines whether the
gameplay loop of the application is engaging and easy to learn, or not. As for the second factor,
the respondents will provide their feedback regarding the Graphics of the game. Under this
factor, it takes into question about its overall aesthetic and visual appeal. The third provided
factor is Sound Design, it is the aspect that determines the satisfaction and enhanced immersion
of the respondents during the game. Next would be the User Interface as the fourth factor. It
consists of questions regarding the ease of navigation and purposeful design layout encountered
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in the game. And for the last factor, it determines the perception of the respondents toward the
Game Story. This is one of the core aspects in the game that determines how it represents the
Filipino culture and brings life to the overall game concept.
The last part of the questionnaire tackles the general perception of the respondents
towards Cooking Lelang itself. Thus, this involves questions from all factors combined. Hence,
this section essentially examines the overall experience of the respondents from playtesting the
game application.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
To gather data, the researchers will distribute survey questionnaires to the respondents for
subsequent analysis and evaluation. It is essential to establish a well-designed data collection
procedure to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the obtained data.
To begin, the researchers will formulate statements related to the factors outlined in the
Statement of The Problem. These statements will be included in the survey questionnaire. The
questionnaire has been carefully selected based on a Review of Related Literature and Studies,
ensuring its validation. It has also undergone review by an English in Academic and Professional
Purposes and Computer Programming teacher to ensure correctness, conciseness, and clarity for
the respondents.
The survey questionnaires will be physically distributed to the intended participants to
maximize response rates. Following data collection, the gathered information will be thoroughly
reviewed, coded, and tabulated using appropriate statistical tools, such as data matrices, along
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with their corresponding frequencies. The data analysis will be conducted systematically and
rigorously to produce accurate and reliable results.
The findings will be presented in tabular form, accompanied by corresponding frequency
distributions to aid interpretation and understanding.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
The study is a quantitative type of research, hence why the treatment of the data statistics
is crucial in the process of conducting the research itself. Responses that have been gathered as
data came from the selected students that have been sampled out of the respondents’ population
of 87.
Once the researchers had been granted permission and approval of the letter to conduct
the research given to the personnel in authority of respondents’ population, the process of
scheduling and conducting the survey may proceed. The content of the survey questionnaire will
consist of the set of questions that have been based on the problem statements of the research, in
which this would be provided to the respondents.
As the process of data gathering commence, the data will be interpreted. In order to
determine the percentage of age and section of the respondents, the researchers have used the
following formula of percentage:

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Meanwhile, to identify the mean perception of the respondents toward the factors such as
Age and Section alongside the mean perception toward Cooking Lelang, the research applies the
following weighted mean formula:
As for examining the significant relationship between the dependent and independent
variables, the Pearson Product Moment of Correlation Coefficient was applied for this process
during the research.
Upon finalizing the statistical process, the significant data will be accumulated by the
researchers to respond toward the research questions. Theme variations may be encountered
from the accumulated results of the survey wherein some responses of the respondents may
correlate with one another. Thus, correlated perceptions will be utilized as the main themes
throughout the fourth research chapter.

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APPENDICES
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LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
Dear Respondents,
Greetings, we are the Grade 12 students from ITMAWD21 of STI College

Calamba. For the academic year 2023-2024, we ITMAWD21 students are
conducting a quantitative research study entitled “Cooking Lelang: The Insight of
Selected Senior High School Students Towards a 2D Pixel Cooking Game.” In this
study, our objective is to determine the perception of Culinary Arts students in the
Senior High School Department towards the game Cooking Lelang.
With regards to this, we ask for a portion of your time to answer the survey
questionnaire that will be distributed in person. This survey will be the basis for
our research study.
Rest assured that all the information you provide will be treated with
confidentiality and will only be used for educational research purposes.
Thank you for your cooperation, God bless.
Sincerely,
ITMAWD21 Students
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SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
I. Profile
Age: ________ Section: ________
II. Perception to the following factors:
1 – Strongly Disagree 2 – Disagree 3 – Agree 4 – Strongly Agree
Place a check (/) on the box that best describes your experience for each statement.
Gameplay 1 2 3 4
1. The game tutorial was direct and easy to learn from.
2. The gameplay was not difficult.
3. The game mechanics triggered my multi-tasking skills.
4. I did not encounter any major problems during the game.
5. The overall game loop is engaging and fun.
Graphics 1 2 3 4
1. The pixel graphics remind me of old classic games.
2. The visual effects are not distracting during the game.
3. There were no signs of visual glitches.
4. Objects in the game are readable and easy to determine.
5. The overall art aesthetic is appealing to the eyes.
Sound Design 1 2 3 4
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1. The in-game music sounds pleasing.
2. The sound effects are satisfying to hear.
3. The game’s audio enhances the experience.
4. The audio did not run into any errors.
5. The overall sound design makes the game enjoyable.
User Interface 1 2 3 4
1. The user interface was not distracting.
2. Each UI elements’ purpose were clear and easy to understand.
3. All elements were responsive and working.
4. The user interface is significant to the gameplay.
5. The overall UI design was easy to use and navigate.
Game Story 1 2 3 4
1. The plot reminds me of real-life Filipino family situations.
2. The story brings sense to the overall gameplay.
3. The characters bring life to the game’s concept.
4. The game’s story represents Filipino culture.
5. The overall story was intriguing and heartwarming.

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III. Perception towards Cooking Lelang:

1 – Strongly Disagree 2 – Disagree 3 – Agree 4 – Strongly Agree
Questions 1 2 3 4
1. The overall game is engaging and fun.
2. The game mechanics were easy to learn.
3. The art and design of the game were pleasing and direct.
4. The game helped me apply my management skills.
5. The game is relevant to my strand and/or career choice.
6. I am intrigued to play more Filipino-made games.
7. The whole experience remind me of old memories.
8. The game concept is a great representation of Filipino culture.
9. I would likely recommend this game to my friends and family.
10. I would like to support more Filipino game developers.
__________________ ___________________
Adrian H. Apolinario Arvin M. Sadicon
EAPP Subject Adviser Computer Programming Subject Adviser
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STI COLLEGE CALAMBA

STI Academic Center, Barangay Uno, National Highway,

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

COOKING LELANG: THE INSIGHT OF SELECTED CULINARY ARTS STUDENTS

Ms. Ma. Cinderella S. Talagtag

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

multi-tasking skills and to experience a virtual simulation of running a carinderia. Time

of your five children at the same time.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

entertaining concept that could catch the target audience’s interests.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

and relax while they cook.

basic uses of ingredients or simply cooking itself.

a challenge (Dana, Z. 2021).

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

it makes sense that everyone would feel a special connection.

family (Sherrell, Z. 2022). As researchers, we want to make an exciting and heart-warming

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

findings of this research are expected to answer the following statements:

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

2. What is the mean perception of the respondents to the following factors?

1.3 Sound Design

1.4 User Interface

1.5 Game Story

Lelang, a 2D pixel cooking game?

Pixel Cooking Game.”

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm

evaluation as the study concludes.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

creates thrill, thus developing a sense of fun alongside the experience.

Figure 1.2 Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Flowchart Model

Self-Determination Theory. The SDT or Self-Determination Theory was founded by professors

towards the game Cooking Lelang.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

towards Cooking Lelang, a 2D pixel cooking game.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to provide information regarding the effectiveness of

them into a virtual carinderia business experience.

which will be helpful for them especially in their academics.

own reasons as well.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

encourage fellow researchers to extend the knowledge of Filipino video games.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

generations in crafting high-quality and genuinely enjoyable 2D graphics-based gameplay.

with renewed vigor.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

arts among these students.

concept about running a carinderia while taking care of five kids.

text, and panels.

Gameplay. The looping flow of how a game is played.

non-realistic experience to immerse a user or player close to reality.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Pixel-based. Means utilizing pixel art graphics.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Further stated by Rodriguez (2022), games often require well-defined mechanics to

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

building blocks of contemporary gaming experiences.

made online gaming particularly captivating in today's digital landscape.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT