The Government of the Philippines Throughout the Years

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of Alabel National Science

High School Regional Science High School for Region XII Maribulan,
Alabel, Sarangani Province

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research Grade 8

 The Government of the Philippines Throughout the Years

Introduction

The Philippine administration enjoys a high level of international recognition.

Starting with the elections, candidates, and voters. The Philippines and the
candidates always engage in a hotly contested election. But first, let's define "The
Government of the Philippines" precisely. A basic corollary of a presidential system
of government is the principle of separation of powers, which states that legislation
belongs to Congress, execution belongs to the Executive, and resolution of legal
disputes belongs to the Judiciary. The Philippines is a republic with a presidential
form of government in which power is equally divided among its three branches:
executive, legislative, and judicial. Let's discuss the duties of the three branches of
government now that we are familiar with them. First off, with the authority granted to
the Philippine Congress, the legislative branch is empowered to enact, amend, and
abolish laws. The Senate and the House of Representatives make up this institution.
Second, the President and Vice President, who are chosen directly by the people
and in office for a period of six years, make up the Executive branch. According to
the Constitution, the President has the power to choose his cabinet. The
government's bureaucracy is largely composed of these departments. Last but not
least, the judiciary has the authority to resolve disputes regarding legally
demandable and enforceable rights. This branch determines whether or not there has
been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower courts. The
Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review as the power
to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree,
proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.
 The Government of the Philippines Throughout the Years

Literature Review
Let's first talk about the 1987 Philippine Constitution, which was enacted as a new
document. The Philippines approved a new constitution in February 1987 that established the
presidential-style republican form of democracy, which is far more similar to the American
model than the European parliamentary system. The fact that the United States is a federal
republic with significant powers reserved for the states, as opposed to the Philippines, which
is a unitary republic, is one important distinction between the two political systems. In
contrast, local authorities do not oppose the national government in the Philippines.
Following Ferdinand Marcos' autocratic rule, the nation's fourth constitution was
ratified by national referendum, marking the beginning of the country's return to
democracy (1965–1986). The Philippine political landscape is quite turbulent. The
president proclaimed a state of emergency in February 2006 after foiling a political
opposition-staged coup attempt. How was the Philippine Constitution created,
exactly? After taking office, on March 25, 1986, Aquino issued Presidential
Proclamation No. 3, which established an interim "Freedom Constitution,"
theoretically giving her more power than Marcos had. However, she pledged to use
her emergency powers solely to restore democracy and not to hold onto her position
of power. She asserted that she needed unrestricted power in order to reestablish
democracy, rebuild the economy, seize control of the military, and repatriate some of
the stolen national assets from Marcos and his allies. The Freedom Constitution,
which was to be in effect until a new legislature was called and a constitutional
convention could draft a new, democratic constitution to be ratified by a national
plebiscite, was described as "civilian in character, revolutionary in origin, democratic
in essence, and transitory in character" by Minister of Justice Neptali Gonzales. It
took sixteen months to complete. Despite the fact that many Filipinos thought the
members of the Constitutional Commission should be elected, Aquino chose them,
claiming that the Philippines could not afford the time or expense of an election. On
May 25, 1986, she chose forty-four names from hundreds submitted by her cabinet
and the general public. She chose reputable, well-known people and, just to be safe,
forbade them from running for office for a year following the passage of the
constitution. The delegates were wealthy and highly educated, and they shared the
same characteristics as those who had drafted the constitutions of 1898 and 1935.
The commission split itself into fourteen committees and got to work in the midst of a
lot of public attention, which, however, quickly subsided. Sometimes only a few
people showed up for the lengthy, formal proceedings. It is known that Aquino only
intervened to affect one commission decision. We will move forward with Philippine
democracy now that the changes to the constitution are complete. Like Taiwan,
Thailand, and South Korea, the Philippines has a democracy that is comparatively
unrestricted. Corrupt democracy has been used to describe the Philippine
government. Candidates frequently receive jeers and heckles. Singapore's Lee Kuan
Yew once remarked that the Philippines needed less democracy and more
discipline. According to Seth Mydans in the New York Times, "Pure democracy" is
what some people are calling it — large, peaceful crowds of outraged citizens rising
up, with cheers and chants and thrilling courage, to force an abusive leader from his
position on power. At the time, the government was stymied by street protests and
legislative gridlock. When Ferdinand E. Marcos was overthrown in the Philippines in
1986, it gave rise to the term "people power." However, populist uprisings like this
one might lead to brand-new issues. Even when you have the greatest of intentions,
breaking the law is perilous. As the Philippines have since learned, precedent is
influential, and breaking the law can be tempting when the democratic process
sputters. Articles and provisions are both present in a constitution. The executive,
legislative, and judicial departments are the three distinct branches of government
that are established by the constitution, one of the longest in the world. The original
constitution's Commission on Elections and Commission on Audit are still in place,
while two other commissions—the Commission on Human Rights and the
Commission on Good Government—were established in response to Marcos'
abuses. Reclaiming ill-gotten gains amassed during the Marcos regime is the
responsibility of the Commission on Good Government. Some ambitious Filipino
politicians believed that the new Constitution would render the presidential election
of 1986 illegitimate and mandate a fresh election. The "transitory clauses" in Article
17 of the new constitution, which confirmed Aquino in office until June 30, 1992,
shattered their aspirations. Other representatives who were first chosen under the
new constitution also had terms that ended in 1992.
 Research Design and Methodology

To begin with, I did my research and looked for pertinent publications online to
demonstrate the validity and value of my study. I then went back and proofread my
academic paper to find some spelling and punctuation mistakes. To avoid
plagiarism, I thanked the authors and utilized proper grammar and punctuation.

References

 https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/gov/
 https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-type-of-government-does-
philippines-have.html
 https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Philippines/sub5_6f/entry-
3164.html

Research Schedule

Research
Phase Objectives Deadline

1. Cover Page  Revise the  December 09, 2022

title

2. Introduction  Started an introduction  December 09, 2022

 Revise
 Wrote the literature
review

3. Research Design  Planning of methods  December 10,

and Methods and design 2022

4. Reference  Revised the sources  December 11, 2022

s
 5. Budgetary  Planned and finalized  December 11,
Requirement my budget 2022

6. Revise  Revised my whole  December 12,

paper 2022

Budgetary Requirement

 Cost: Exactly how much money do I need?

 More or less 100 Pesos.
 Expenses:
Folder - 9.95 Pesos
 Justification: Why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
 This cost is very necessary fairly because we can track our expenses
upon conducting our research study.
 Source: How did I calculate this amount?
 I calculated this amount by checking the receipt I received upon buying
this certain item.