Avionics

ATAchapters ATA 22 Autoflight

ATA 23 Communication

ATA 31 Indicating Recording

ATA 34 Navigation

Indicating Recording System

Electronic Instrument System ETS 8
Electronic
flightInstrumentsystem EFTS
EngineIndicating CrewAlerting system AS
ETC
Electronic centralizedAircraftmonitoring LECAM

EW

PSD SD
ND
 Ef IS Control panel

It controls theinformation that shows on displayunits

Engine System Indication EICAS

ECAM
EICAS ELAM El W Engine warning display

SD systemstatus display

ECAM Control panel

EIS priority flightData Recorder

fDAU
data
flight acquisition
unit
 Communication systems

VHF System Hf system

usedfor shortRange Con Used forlongRange co

flight Interphone system cabin Interphone system

for Internalcockpit communication Between cabincrew a cabincrew

also withgroundmechanics
pilot cabincrew

service Interphone system

on grounduseonly for maintenance

personnel only

passenger Addresssystem
Safety system thatprovides passengerswith
voice announcements fromflightCabincrew

During engine running volume automatically increases

by 6dB
Duringcabindepressurization volume automatically increasesby 4dB
 flightInterphone

Navigation System Airdata inertial reference system ADIRS

Position determining systems

Isis
Independent

Independent Navigation system

system
Groundproximitywarning

tetiat.es
BBAN

detectsbrains

Dependent Navigation system

Q Code setting for Altimeters

Instrument landing system

 Radio Altimeter
for heights f 2500ft

Traffic Alert collision Avoidance system

Autoflightsystem
Databases Nau DB Airports Runways

performance DB thrustlimits attitudeenvelope

Autopilot Autothrust
 Electric power

APU
 Airframe structure
Booklet Definitions

Engine
strut
IDG

seatrailsarefixedtolongerons
usedassupportstructuresecuringheavycomponentsto member
primary
likewhenengineismounted
carries compressiveloads
tothewing

r
r
corrosion
wear fatigue

initiation
 Booklet
fuselage

Loads on AK structure compression

Bending
Torsion

fuselage contraction Truss type

Monocoquetype

OTruss Type

allloadsarecarriedby
where
AlightsingleengineAlcs theskin

Monocoque structure

for theskin tocarrysolve

allthe loads itmustbe sostronghenceits
thisproblem
weightwill increase To the semimonocoque
structure
is introduced
skinis reinforcedbyacomplete
framework
ofstructural members
Different
portions ofthestructure can
bemonocoque or asemi

areofonepiece manufacturedbycastingextrusionforming
stringers

longerons
maybe aoneprice or abuilt upconstruction

Incase amemberfailed
a nother

willbeabletocarrythe
members
loads
It's tohave arivets
better
than onebolt
have
 Booklet
Wing Empennage

Wingstructure cantilever wing

Externally bracedwing

Wingspars principle structuralmembers ofthewing It supportsdistributed loads aswell

as concentrated weights LAG engine

area Multisparn Morethanonespar Ribs areincludedtogivethewingcontour

bulkheads

Delta
back
swept
I edge
leading trailing
straight

WingConstruction

spars
ÉÉÉÉ

sameas the Enginepylon to wing attachmentpin If ahugevibrationhappenedtothe

engine it's ratherto lettheengine fall insteadofthewholewingtobebroken

Ribs
wooden Wing All Metalwing Boxbeammilledwing
HoneycombstructureLightinweight
has a veryhighstrength

Empennage

horizontal
Vertical
stabilizer
Elevator
Rudder
 Booklet
failsafeeffects
application
control
fatigue

failsafe
fail safemethod relies on aduplicationofcertain structuralmembers toensure that
ifonememberfailed theotherwouldassume the loadofthefailedmember
failsafeis outdated as it increasestheweightofstructureso itwasreplacedbydamagetole
to
pathconcept avoidheavystructures
Anothertypeismultipleload
Damage Tolerance

Damagetolerance requires an evaluation atthe

structure toensure that when a crack ordamage
happens the remainingstructurecan withstand
reasonableLoads withoutfailureuntilthedamage
isdetectedduringnormalinspectioncycles
methodatdamage
further outer
pane La
tolerance
is theuseof will taking
continue

Crack joints
limiting antheloadings

fatigue
mostof fail
the membersalestructuresconsists
dmorethanone loadIfonefails
theotherwillcarrythe
Wingspar
Windows
inthe
cabin

load
Multiple path
cracklimiting
joints fatiguetesting
brackets
secondarysupport
 Tension bendingKompressing
shear Torsion

BysubjectingAlcto
higherfatigue

testing

fatigue meter measureglared

I

Booklets keel beam

Wing Boxstructures
only one wing

Hissed
Pta
1
to
box
centre

IntegralTank onto enginetuns

dripping the sine
c reatinga hazard

g
fuel
ensure from
onlyruns outboard
dearto
inboard the
t hrough damsprevent
surge
etc
rolling
Integral TankSealing 7 Steps of sealing

Machinedskin
Topreventsurgeintanksduringrowing theholesdrilledforrivetsweaken
gyp the skinsotheareaatthe
stressed

rivets made
is athigher
thickness

fuselagestructure
Toprovide therestismachined
while toreduceweight
I tosupportwingboxsection
also
strength

hemicallyetchedskin
am
ofallstructureman mama
jointswithinthe
integral

tank

Milledstructure
 Aircraftstructure
Booklet

structuralclassification
1 Iii
Secondary structure Glen
Yellow

Primarystructure

It's thestructure whichit failed inflight or on groundwouldcause

Catastrophic structure collapse or loss of control
powerunitfailure

Injury to occupants
Inabilityto operateessentialequipment or services
Example Main spars floor
EngineBearer a frame

spars frames
longerons bulkheads 1 Toprevent ofacrackit's
propagation

a morerobustformat atearstopper

Secondary structure

It's a primary structure butwhichunavoidablyhave such a reserveofstrength over desig

requirments that appreciable weakening
maybepermittedwithoutriskoffailure
A structure which if failedwon'timpairthesafetyatthe aircraft
ex skin stringers ribs partsof theskinin themain
plane
 Tertiary structure
Astructure which its stresses arelow butcannotbe omittedfromthe Alc
ex fairings brackets etc

Aircraft floors

flight Deck floors

floors are a primarystructure as there's no beamsto supportthem
Theyare made from Lightalloy have sufficient strength whenfixedtoother
structuralmembers

Cabin floors
Consists dhorizontal transverse beamsattach
to the fuselage

Multifloor All
madeat
Thefloorareusually composite materials
Honeycomb withhoneycombcore
I
Alphamingmwoodlumggeshin

Longerons

floorbeams

Seat Rails
ofthelongerons
A Seatrailsform part are extremely vulnerableto corrosion byspilledliquids

atAll
Duringpressurization thepressure
acrossthefloors bethesame
should
tupper lower If therewere adecompression
the blowoutpanelswillprovideventing
immediately
equalizing any difference
 Structural Materials

Aluminum Alloys Magnesium Alloy TitaniumAlloy

Magnesium weight Aluminumweight

Ausedinlowstressareastosaveweight
Cannotbeused inliquid deicingareas
waterinjectionsystems
mustbehandeldverycarefullyanyslight
damage

uponitsfatigue
hasadetrimentaleffect strength precautions

Alloy
designation

treat
Heat condition

O following
the
alloydesignationindicatesthat
materialis intheannealed
condition

shallbeheattreatedbefore installationonAk

Metalforming
If
Eglin wergild
reduces
Yndin

Inigo
r