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System Description HVAC
System Description HVAC
HVAC plant
Revision: 1.1
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 Plant Description 3
1.1.1 Summer winter operation. 3
1.1.2 Bridge AHU. 3
1.1.3 Main AHU (Accommodation). 4
1.1.4 Galley AHU. 4
1.1.5 ECR AHU no.1-2. 5
1.1.6 Workshop AHU. 5
1.1.7 The Local control panel 6
1.2 Hardware control components 7
1.2.1 The (LCP) local control panel hardware is sketched above. 7
1.2.2 Profibus interface 8
1.3 Local/Remote mode for HVAC panel 8
1.4 Local/Remote mode for Chiller unit panel 8
1.5 Alarm Handling 9
1.6 Common Alarm Output 9
2 PI - REGULATOR FUNCTION 10
3 AHU CONTROL 11
3.1 Supply Air Regulation 11
3.1.1 AHU Pre-heat regulation 12
3.1.2 Motor valve for pre-heater on the AHU unit 12
3.1.3 AHU Main-heat regulation 12
3.1.4 AHU Cooler Regulation 13
3.1.5 AHU (alarm limits) 13
3.2 Return air temperature compensating 14
6 HUMIDITY CONTROL 17
1 INTRODUCTION
AHU fans in control by Shipyard, YORK control panel recipient running signal from fan start panel.
The AHU control philosophy is based on maintaining a constant supply air temperature to the supply duct
system. Both in summer and winter measured and controlled by supply air temperature.
The supply air temperature set point is with Return air compensation (See Section 3.2)
-Two cooling coils intertwined regulation by 3-way motor valve. (See Section 3.1.4)
-One main heating coil regulation by 2-way motor valve. (See section 3.1.3)
-One humidity regulation by an electric steam generator. (See section 6)
The control system for the AHU consists of a temperature sensor in the supply and return air chamber of the
AHU.
The AHU control philosophy is based on maintaining a constant supply air temperature to the supply duct
system. Both in summer and winter measured and controlled by supply air temperature.
The supply air temperature set point is with Return air compensation (See Section 3.2)
-Two cooling coils intertwined regulation by 3-way motor valve. (See Section 3.1.4)
-One pre-heating coil regulation by 2-way motor valve. (See section 3.1.1)
-One Main-heating coil regulation by 2-way motor valve. (See section 3.1.3)
-One humidity regulation by an electric steam generator. (See section 6)
-One enthalpy exchanger. (See section 4)
The AHU control philosophy is based on maintaining a constant supply air temperature to the supply duct
system. Both in summer and winter measured and controlled by supply air temperature.
-One cooling coil intertwined regulation by 3-way motor valve. (See Section 3.1.4)
-One main heating coil regulation by 2-way motor valve. (See section 3.1.3)
The control system for the AHU consists of a temperature sensor in the supply and exhaust air chamber of the
AHU.
The AHU control philosophy is based on maintaining a constant supply air temperature to the supply duct
system. Both in summer and winter measured and controlled by supply air temperature.
The supply air temperature set point is with Return air compensation (See Section 3.2)
-One cooling coil intertwined regulation by 3-way motor valve. (See Section 3.1.4)
ECR AHU no. 1 and 2 are placed in the same room. The two ECR coolers will regulate in parallel.
The control system for the AHU consists of a temperature sensor in the supply air chamber of the AHU.
The AHU control philosophy is based on maintaining a constant supply air temperature set point to the supply
duct system. Both in summer and winter measured and controlled by supply air temperature.
-One cooling coil intertwined regulation by 3-way motor valve. (See Section 3.1.4)
Hardware overview:
Graphic touch
display E1071
PLC
Profibus
I/O moduls
Profibus interface
ICS
The hardware is described in detail in YORK drawings and lists found in dedicated binders.
The PLC system of the LCP is provided with one CPU, interface modules and power supplies.
The Profibus interface to ICS Siemens SCADA system are according to YORK I/O-list.
From YORK
• AHU supply and return air temperature
• AHU humidity transmitter in return air
• PLC alarm status
• Chiller unit status
• Chiller pump unit status
• AHU alarm status
• Compressor status
To YORK
• AHU supply set point
• AHU humidity set point
• Chiller unit start and stop commands
• HVAC setpoint commands
If the remote (SCADA) control is selected, select start/stop plus a signal from the SCADA. Then the system as a
whole will operate automatically according to the predetermined logic in the PLC, and the following will happen:
- Ready signal to the SCADA system will be issued (pump run + chiller units ok)
- Start signal from the SCADA system will be issued
- The chiller unit will be ready to run if the air supply temperature is high
- Stop signal from SCADA system will be given
- The expansion valves are closed, and the compressor is in pump-down mode.
- The chiller will be stopped when it is below the low suction pressure limit.
When the alarm is acknowledged as described below, the following will happen:
• At the actual alarm of the alarm list a symbol is inserted
• Furthermore, the following is done by the PLC:
¾ Common alarm outlet will close. See Common Alarm output
¾ Common alarm lamp will turn to constant light, if the alarm is still active.
All shutdown alarms have to be reset in the alarm list on the E615 operator panels
When an alarm occurs, the operator panel will show the actual alarms.
The AC system comprises a complete alarm system that supervises both analogue and digital values called
alarm points.
Sensor failures will always activate an alarm and will be explained in an error message code.
All alarms will activate the common refrigeration alarm, which is a digital outlet to the central alarm system.
The common alarm is "high" as long as there are no alarms. It gets "low" when an alarm occurs and stays "low"
until the alarm has been acknowledged in the AC system.
If another alarm occurs before the first one has been acknowledged, the output gets "high" for 5 seconds and
then "low" again. See the figure below.
No alarm 5 sec
2 PI - REGULATOR FUNCTION
The regulator calculates the difference between the set point and the actual temperature. The regulator output is
a new calculated position set point for the actuator.
SP + e u
PI
Regulator Algorithm
After each Ts a new value (un) for the actuator is calculated according to the following formula:
un = (P + I) gain + un-1
P = en - en-1
I = en * Ts/Ti
Ts = sampling time
Ti = integral time
Gain = gain factor
Calculated values
3 AHU CONTROL
The supply air chamber temperature is controlled by a temperature sensor, which according to the set point
and the neutral zone, controls the cooling capacity or the heating capacity.
Outdoor temperature
°C
Cooling on
Heating on
The supply air is heated or cooled depending on the outdoor temperature, but only one is active at a time. When
the outdoor temperature is higher than “Cooling on”, the cooling regulation will be started, and the motor valve
to the pre-heater will be closed.
When the outdoor temperature is lower than the “Heating on”, the heating regulation will be started, and the
expansion valves in the refrigeration line will be closed.
The regulation set points will be calculated in the summer/winter compensation program (see section).
A temperature sensor in the supply air duct regulates both cooling and heating, so the set point is active for both
of the regulations.
When the fan is stopped or in case of low airflow sensor failed (delay 10sec), the motor valve to the heater will
be forced to close, and the expansion valve in the refrigeration line will be closed.
The fan cannot be restarted before the KP61 is reset and alarm is acknowledged.
The valve will be closed automatically at normal stop of the air-handling unit.
The Cooling coil is located inside the main unit just before the cooling coil.
If the actual supply air temperature is lower higher than the "Supply SP", the PI regulating algorithm in the PLC
will activate the electrically operated motor valve in upward direction. The opposite will be the case if the actual
temperature is higher than the set point. When the actual temperature is within the "neutral zone" the motor
valve will not be activated.
Return Nz
Return Ts
Note1:
If Return air temp > Return SP + Return Nz = Decrease Supply SP with 0,1°C each Return Ts
If Return air temp < Return SP - Return Nz = Increase Supply SP with 0,1°C each Return Ts
Note2:
Supply SP
Note: The set point for supply temperature will start at “Supply min limit”
When outdoor temperature is higher than return air temperature the enthalpy exchanger move energy from the
warm outdoor air to the colder return air causing a lower outdoor air temperature and thereby creating a
situation where less energy is needed to achieve the selected supply air set point.
If the outdoor temperature is lower than the return air temperature the energy is moved from the return air to the
outdoor air, heating the outdoor air.
When command is set for either OFF or ON the exchanger is forced OFF or ON.
In AUTO mode the enthalpy exchanger is not activated until the exhaust fan is running and one of the following
conditions is fulfilled:
o Outdoor temperature is higher than HT Limit.
o Outdoor temperature is lower than LT Limit.
No matter the command, the exchanger is rotated 2 times every day for 5 minutes each. This is done to remove
condensate from the exchanger. An alarm is given if no running signal is returned within few seconds.
O u td o o r t e m p e r a t u r e
°C
H T L im it
L T L im it
t
E n t h a lp y E x c h a n g e r
ON
OFF
Setting Description
OFF The enthalpy exchanger are stopped
ON The enthalpy exchanger are started
AUTO Auto mode the enthalpy exchanger controlled by outdoor and exhaust fan
The capacity of the heat exchanger is automatically controlled by the water sensor. If the water
temperature diverges from the set point, the controller located in the control panel will gradually open or close
the valve, via the valve actuator as a function of the diverging signal, until the set point has been reached. The
valve is mounted in the steam pipe system.
By start of a circulation pump the regulation to the valve will be active. The valve will be closed by stop of the
circulation pump.
PLC
Pump 1
Pump 2
TE
Hot water supply
Steam inlet
Regulating valve Heat exchanger
Hot water return
Steam outlet
6 HUMIDITY CONTROL
The humidity control is implemented to keep the humidity of the supply air to at a desired set point. Ensuring
maximum comfort in accommodation quarters and preventing illness. Electric steam generator.
Humidity Setpoint %:
The humidifier capacity is regulated according to the humidity sensor in the exhaust air chamber,
which - according to the setpoint and neutral zone - controls the setpoint to the steam generator.
%RH
A b o v e s e t p o in t + N Z , t h e
s t e a m g e n e r a t o r is o f f
S e t p o in t
+ NZ
W it h in s e t p o in t + / - N Z , T h e
S e t p o in t s t e a m g e n e r a t o r is o f f
S e t p o in t
- NZ B e l o w s e t p o in t - N Z , t h e s t e a m
g e n e r a t o r is e n a b le d i n a d o s e /
b re a k s e q u e n c e .
Max humidity:
If the humidity rises above 70 %RH the high humidity limit the steam generator will stop on a alarm.
Main AHU
Main > Main AHU >
Enthalpy setup
High Out Door °C -50.0 – 50.0 25.0
Low Out Door °C -50.0 – 50.0 10.0
Galley AHU
Galley >Galley AHU >
Alarm Setup
High supply temp. alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 50.0
Low supply temp. alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 0.0
ECR AHU
ECR > ECR 1-2 AHU >
Alarm Setup
High supply temp. alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 35.0
Low supply temp. alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 8.0
High Return temp alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 30.0
Low Return temp alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 12.0
Workshop
AHU
Work > Workshop AHU >
Alarm Setup
High supply temp. alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 50.0
Low supply temp. alarm limit °C -50.0 – 50.0 0.0
Hot Water
Hot water > setup
Hot water setpoint °C 0.0 - 100.0 45.0
Hot water Neutral Zone °C 0.0 - 10.0 1.0
Hot water Sampling Time Sec 1.0 – 999.0 6.0
Hot water Integral Time Sec 1.0 – 999.0 2.0
Hot water Gain 0.0 – 999.0 8.0