ELL 363

Power Engineering - II
Course Projects Instructions

Intended time spent: not more than 2 days per student

Important policy
1. Choose either Project Type 1 or Project Type 2.
2. Maximum 3 students per group for Project Type 1 and maximum 2 students per group are
allowed.
3. Plagiarism is unacceptable. Use of generative AI tools is not allowed, though you can use
these tools for grammar/language correction. Your article or code will be checked by a
plagiarism detection software.
4. Your chosen topics will be frozen on November 25th midnight. You will be graded against the
topic entered in the spreadsheet by end of November 25th. If you haven’t chosen anything by
then, your project won’t be evaluated, or a significant penalty will be deducted.
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1n7PxJtjD9oY1lfyqWVHHkIzzrPLr0Yi7QGe_u9L
kpTE/edit?usp=sharing
5. Main grading will be based on your viva/live demo of your project.
6. Difficulty of project chosen, extent/quality of work done, and number of team members may
affect the grading.

Project Type 1: Create a code to explain any one concept of power system operation and control
learnt in this course. You will be graded based on accuracy of the code along with following aspect:
• Input format: You can choose the data input format, but it should be intuitive and such that it
can be modified easily.
• Output/results visualization: Visualization of results is an important aspect of the project. Use
nicely made plots with proper labelling and other innovative visualization wherever applicable.
The purpose of your code and take away message should be clear.
• Robustness: You can modify the data yourself to analyse various scenarios and the robustness
of the code.
• Scenarios and Analysis: Feel free to create multiple scenarios and analysis to increase the
impact of your project as you see appropriate.

At the end, imagine if we demonstrate your course project to a set of ELL363 students, would their
learning experience be enhanced? If yes, you have done a successful and impactful project.

Project Type 2: Write an article (600-1000 words) for curious general readers who love big ideas and
want smart context for what’s going on in the world. Please take a concept learnt in this class or
something closely related. You can also take a historical event related to power grid. You will be
graded based on your topic selection, title selection and how effectively have you conveyed a
complex engineering/scientific concept to a general curious reader. Here is an example article:
https://scind.org/Technology/article/How-Indian-power-engineers-sailed-the-electric-grid-through-
the-Sunday-9-pm-9-minutes-event

Some suggestions are as following to trigger your thought:

• Complexity of Indian power grid and its operation
• Why blackout happens and how to prevent it
• What goes behind preventing blackouts (contingency analysis, frequency control)
• How renewable integration will impact our grid (concept of inertia, frequency issues, voltage
issues etc)
• How EV integration will impact our grid
• Power system economics (OPF, Economic Dispatch etc)
• The magic of generation - load balance (inertia, frequency control, demand profile)
 • User behaviour and corresponding demand seen by the grid (can analyse demand profiles
available on POSOCO website)

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Suggestions for Project Type 1 (will be updated regularly)

P1: Prepare a generic code (Python/MATLAB) for DC load flow for an N bus system. All line data and
bus data will be input into the code. The user should be able to see the Bdc matrix, angles at all buses
and MW flows in all lines. The user should also be able to see the computation time. The MW flows
should also be in the form of graphs/plots.

P2: Prepare a generic simulation code for calculating the full NRLF Jacobian matrix. Analyse the
change in the size of the Jacobian Matrix for the change in reactive power limits of generators. All line
data and bus data will be input into the code. The output should be a full Jacobian matrix for 1 iteration.

P3: Prepare a generic code (python/MATLAB) to find the primary frequency response of a single area
one generator. You can use any generator data from Wood and Wollenberg's book examples. The user
should be able to input a load disturbance to see the dynamic frequency response in a graph.

P4: Prepare a MATLAB Simulink model to find the primary frequency response of a single area one
generator. You can use any generator data from Wood and Wollenberg book examples. The user should
be able to input a load disturbance to see the dynamic frequency response in a graph.

P5: Prepare a generic code (python/MATLAB) to find the primary frequency response of a two-area
system connected with a tie-line. Assume 1 generator in each area. You can use any generator data from
Wood and Wollenberg book examples. The user should be able to input a total load disturbance to see
the dynamic frequency responses of both areas and tie-line flow.

P6: Prepare a MATLAB Simulink model to find the primary frequency response of a two-area system
connected with a tie-line. Assume 1 generator in each area. You can use any generator data from Wood
and Wollenberg book examples. The user should be able to input a total load disturbance to see the
dynamic frequency responses of both areas and tie-line flow.

P7: Consider an N bus linearized power system. Make line data and bus data as user input to analyse
the sensitivity of power flow in each line with an outage of a given generator. The output should be a
GSF matrix.

P8: Consider an N bus linearized power system. Make line data and bus data as user input to analyse
the sensitivity of power flow in each line with an outage of each line at a time. The output should be a
LODF matrix.

P9: N-1 line contingency analysis and identify and rank the credible contingencies.

P10: N-1 generator contingency analysis and identify and rank the credible contingencies.

P11: Prepare a generic code (Python/MATLAB) for linearized state estimation of angles for an N bus
system. All line data, bus data, measurements and standard deviation of measurements will be input
into the code. Keep the input format such that the measurements can be easily modified. The output
should be least square estimates of the angles and total residual error. The code should be able to assess
the observability of the system. You can take any example from an assignment or textbook to test your
code.
P12: Perform economic dispatch analysis considering losses (penalty factors) using lambda-iteration
approach.

P13: Perform economic dispatch analysis considering losses (penalty factors) using NR approach and
probably compare the accuracy/computation time with lambda-iteration approach.

P14: Perform LP-OPF based on DC power flow for a N bus system with Ng generators and a fixed
demand. Input will be system network, cost curves for generators etc. The output would be optimal
dispatch of generators, line flows and Lagrange multipliers including LMPs.

P15: Perform Preventive LP-SCOPF based on DC power flow for a N bus system with Ng generators
and a fixed demand. Input will be system network, cost curves for generators, credible contingency list
etc. The output would be optimal dispatch of generators, line flows and Lagrange multipliers including
LMPs.

P16: Trace PV curve by increasing loading at all buses and plotting voltages at all buses. You need to
use NR power flow code for this. You can further enhance it by plotting these curves for different load
power factor. You can also trace the trajectory of eigenvalues of Jacobian at each point of PV curve.

Sample Input Data - 1

Consider the following six-bus system with line and bus data as presented in Tables I and II.
Assume the load consists of a constant power component only.

Table I: Line data

From Bus To Bus R (pu) X (pu) Half total line charging susceptance (pu)
1 2 0.1 0.2 0.02
1 4 0.05 0.2 0.02
1 5 0.08 0.3 0.03
2 3 0.05 0.25 0.03
2 4 0.05 0.1 0.01
2 5 0.1 0.3 0.02
2 6 0.07 0.2 0.025
3 5 0.12 0.26 0.025
3 6 0.02 0.1 0.01
4 5 0.2 0.4 0.04
5 6 0.1 0.3 0.03

Table II: Bus data

Bus Bus Voltage Pg Pd Qd Qmax Qmin

No. type (pu) (pu) (pu) (pu) (pu) (pu)
1 Swing 1.05 . . . 1 -1
2 Gen 1.05 0.5 0 0 1 -1
3 Gen 1.07 0.6 0 0 1 -1
4 Load . 0 0.7 0.7 . .
5 Load . 0 0.7 0.7 . .
6 Load . 0 0.7 0.7 . .