DATE :07/11/2023 STD: 12(CBSE-GSEB)

SUB : PHYSICS TEST

CHAP : 13
MARKS : 25 TIME: 45 MIN

1 year = 3.154×107 s; 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2;; mH = 1.007825 u mn = 1.008665 u; m( He) = 4.002603 u

me = 0.000548 u
SECTION A[ 1 MARK]
1 A
2 B
3 D
4 B
5 B
SECTION B[ 2 MARKS]
6 (i) What are isobars?
All nuclides with same mass number A are called isobars. For example the nuclides H and He are isobars.
(ii) What are isotones?
Nuclides with same neutron number but different atomic number are called isotones. For example Hg and Au
are isotones.

7 Explain nuclear force

It is a strong attractive force that binds a nucleus together and it is strong enough to overcome the repulsion
between the (positively charged) protons and to bind both protons and neutrons into the tiny nuclear volume.
The nuclear force is much stronger than the Coulomb force acting between charges or the gravitational
forces between masses.
The nuclear force between two nucleons falls rapidly to zero as their distance
distance is more than a few
femtometres as shown in figure
The nuclear force between neutron-neutron,
neutron proton-neutron and proton-proton
proton is approximately the same. The
nuclear force does not depend on the electric charge.

8 Obtain the binding energy (in MeV) of a nitrogen nucleus N , given m N

=14.00307 u

9 From the relation R = R0A1/3, where R0 is a constant and A is the mass number of a nucleus, show that the nuclear
matter density is nearly constant.
 SECTION C[ 3 MARKS]
10 What radioactive decay?
Radioactivity was a nuclear phenomenon in which an unstable nucleus undergoes a decay. This is referred to as
radioactive decay.
Three types of radioactive decay occur in nature :
(i) α-decay in which a helium nucleus He is emitted;
(ii) β-decay in which electrons or positrons are emitted;
(iii) γ-decay in which high energy photons are emitted.

11 What is thermonuclear fusion? Explain proton-proton cycle of thermonuclear fusion on the sun?
When fusion is achieved by raising the temperature of the system so that particles have enough kinetic energy to
overcome the coulomb repulsive behaviour, it is called thermonuclear fusion.
Thermonuclear fusion is the source of energy output in the interior of stars.
The fusion reaction in the sun is a multi-step process in which the hydrogen is burned into helium.
The proton-proton (p, p) cycle
H + H → H + e + ν + 0.42 MeV − − − − − −1
e + e! → γ + γ + 1.02 MeV − − − − − −2
H + H → He + γ + 5.49 MeV − − − − − −3
He + He → He + H + H + 12.86 MeV − − − − − −4
For the fourth reaction to occur, the first three reactions must occur twice,
If we consider the combination 2(i) + 2(ii) + 2(iii) +(iv), the net effect is
4 H + 2e! → He + 2ν + 6γ + 26.7 MeV
4 H + 4e! → He+2e! + 2ν + 6γ + 26.7 MeV
Thus, four hydrogen atoms combine to form a Helium atom with a release of 26.7 MeV of energy.

12 A given coin has a mass of 3.0 g. Calculate the nuclear energy that would be required to separate all the neutrons and
protons from each other. For simplicity assume that the coin is entirely made of ) Cuatoms (of mass 62.92960 u).
13 How long can an electric lamp of 100W be kept glowing by fusion of 2.0 kg of deuterium? Take the fusion reaction as
H + H → He +n+3.27 MeV